Tulipa bifloriformis Vved.

Tojibaev, Komiljon, Dekhkonov, Davron, Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon, Sun, Hang, Deng, Tao & Yusupov, Ziyoviddin, 2022, The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan, Phytotaxa 573 (2), pp. 163-214 : 204-205

5.5. Tulipa bifloriformis Vved. in Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 320 (1971).

Type:— UZBEKISTAN. Tian-Schan occidentalis, in collibus argillosis circa urb. Taschkent, 19 March 1923, M.G. Popov & A.I. Vvedensky 1036 (holotype TASH000502 !; isotypes BM, H-1200916, K) .

Description:—Bulb ovoid, 1.5–2.0 cm thick; tunic reddish-brown, coriaceous, often prolonged, densely and finely arachnoid-shaggy on the inside; stem 10–25 cm long, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent, very rarely glabrous; leaves 2, scattered, deflexed, glabrous, ciliate, linear to linear-lanceolate; lower leaf broader, (6) 10–15 mm broad, usually exceeding the flower; flowers (l)2–8(11); perigone segments white, yellow at base, (11)15–20(30) mm long, acute; outer segments oblong-lanceolate, dingy violet outside, bearded at base, two-thirds as broad as the inner, inner segments oblong, acuminate, more or less tapering into a claw, slightly bearded at base, long-ciliate; stamens about half the length of perigone; filaments yellow, densely bearded at base with long hairs, commonly hairy above; anthers linear-oblong, 5-6 mm long, violet or yellow and violet at the apex, very short pointed; ovary slightly shorter than stamens, short-styled; capsule commonly oblong, 1.0– 1.5 cm in diameter (l.0)1.5–2.5(3.0) cm long, shortbeaked.

General distribution:—Western Tian-Shan ( Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-1 Western Tian-Shan district (I-1-a Ugam-Pskem region; 1-b West Chatkal region; I-1-d Kurama region; I-1-e Chorkesar region; I-1-f Tashkent region), II-2 Middle Syrdarya district (II-2-a Chinaz region).

Phenology:—Flowering: March–May (depending on elevation); fruiting: May–June.

Ecology:—Fine-earth, gravelly and stony slopes, from piedmonts to middle mountain zone, 500–2500 m a.s.l.

Etymology:—Species epithet “ bifloriformis ” means “ two-flowered”.

Note:—Depending on the growing conditions of the species, the stems can reach up to 25 and even 30 cm long. Often in natural conditions, you can see dense thickets, especially in the Great Chimgan area. In addition, the species often populate open slopes after a landslide and form thick carpets by spreading vegetatively.

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Western Tian-Shan district , Ugam-Pskem region, upper reaches of Aktashsay, southern slopes, 2100 m, near melting snow, 27 May 1939, Bukasov 9 ( TASH!) ; Opite-say , 21 March 1940, Obukhova s.n. ( TASH!) ; betwenn villages Azadbash and Turbat, middle part of valley Sarybulak, 15 March 1963, Adylov 2087 ( TASH!) ; Maydantal Range , Ugam Range, surroundings of village Khumsan, 15 May 1922, Korovin s.n. ( TASH!) ; right banks of Teparsay , 18 May 1965, Pjataeva 17, 25 ( TASH!) ; Pskem Range , between Koksu and Barkrak, 4 June 1963, Puchkova 75 ( TASH!) ; Pskem ridge, Aksarsay valley, 1025 m, 15 April 2019, Beshko s.n. ( TASH!) ; West Chatkal region , Chatkal Range, Greater Chimgan, near the sanatorium, 8 July 1920, Baranov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , 1800 m, 15 June 1923, Baranov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , granite rocks, 9 July 1923, Baranov 145 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Chimgan botanical station, Smaller Chimgan, 1900 m, 30 April 1927, Gomolitsky 112 ( TASH!) ; near the village Zarkent , 2000 m, 23 June 1936, Korotkova, Titov 526 ( TASH!) ; between Tashkent and Parkent , steppe zone, 2 April 1938, Korotkova, Titov s.n. ( TASH!) ; southern slopes to the river Sukoksay , surroundings of the Forest station, 25 May 1946, Vvedensky, 24130 ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , among ephemeral plants, 16 April 1947, Sumnevich, Dzhangurazov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , opposite the tourist base, near the snowfield, 23 May 1971, Puchkova Blazheevich 31, 35 ( TASH!) ; Zarkent , on the watershed, 18 May 1961, Adylov 1605 ( TASH!) ; Tashkent region , Takhra-sang, near the snowfield, 14 May 1965, Adylov, 1580 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of the river of Galabasay , 28 March 1963, Adylov 2104 ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Biosphere Reserve , Bashkyzylsay plot, Mt. Minora , SE slope, 26 April 1974, Levichev s.n. ( Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve ); Phenological Ridge , upper part of Sukoksay , northern slope, 16 May 1975, Levichev s.n. (Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve); surroundings of Parkent, 850 m, 30 February 1980, Krassovskaja s.n. ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Khodjent railway station, 4 April 1993, Bakanova s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Biosphere Reserve , Bashkyzylsay plot, Mt. Kurgantash , southern slope, 2 June 2001, Mukhamedzhanova, Lynov, Chinov, Glavayskaya, Mamarachimov, Tojibaev 129 ( Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve ); Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, Chorrakha, eastern slopes, 3 June 2001, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kurama region , Kurama Range, Abjazsay, 5 April 1936, Lopott s.n. ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Lashkerek village , 11 April 1939, Slovinsky s.n. ( TASH!) ; left bank of the Angren river , surroundings of Ablik village, 4.04.1944, Popova; Lashkerek, southern slopes, 25 March 1947, Sumnevich, Dzhangurazov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Abjassay , southern slopes, 22 April 2009, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Range , upper part of Kattasay, near the pass, 29 May1954, Vernik, Nabiev 192 ( TASH!) ; Chorkesar region , Kurama Range, Rizaksay river basin, lower part, foothills, 30 March 2010, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Rizaksay river basin, lower part, 26 April 2012, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Rizaksay , left bank of the river, near the café “Turkiston”, 1722 m, 13 April 2013, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; piedmont slopes between Khanabad village and the tract Chap, 18 April 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; 3.3 km east of Khanabad-Chorkesar road, 18 April 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; 5 km east of Khanabad-Chorkesar road, slopes to the Chap tract, 18 March 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; the left bank of Rizak River , beginning of the Rizak Village, 19 March 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; the lower reaches of the Rizak River , the vicinity of the Chinar police post, 19 March 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; the vicinity of the village Agasaray , Temronsay, 20 March 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; loess foothills near the village Akhcha , between Akhcha and Uygursay, 20 March 2020, Tojibaev, Batashov, Dekhkanov, Khoshimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Tashkent region , steppe near Bozsu, 16 March 1871, О. Fedtschenko s.n. ( LE) ; Tashkent , 20 March 1919, Shikin s.n. ( TASH!) ; Tashkent , surroundings of the cemetery, 2 April 1920, Povarina 569 ( TASH!) ; clayey slopes in the vicinity of Tashkent , 19 April 1923, Popov, Vvedensky s.n. (isotype MW) ; Tashkent , 17 March 1924 Vvedensky s.n. ( TASH!) ; Buz-bazar , 2 April 1933, Vvedensky s.n. ( TASH!) ; rainfed crops near the village Troitsky , 14 April 1940, Lepeshkin, Pazij s.n. ( TASH!) ; Middle Syrdarya district , Chinaz region, steppe wastelands 3 km from town Yangiyul, fallow lands, 2 April 1940, Lepeshkin, Pazij s.n. ( TASH!) .