Clarias gariepinus ( Burchell, 1822 )

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 420-421

Clarias gariepinus ( Burchell, 1822) [N] ― North African catfish/Karabalık, sekiz bıyık

Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus (Heterobranchus)

gariepinus Burchell, 1822: 425 , fig. on p. 445 [Vaal River, at Smidtsdrift, above confluence with Riet River, Cape Province, South Africa (28°42′10″S, 24°04′29″E); neotype: SAIAB 520; neotype evidently selected by Bruton and Teugels (1982) but first published in Skelton and Teugels (1992) (see Seegers (1996: 206)]. ― Synonyms: Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 ; Clarias orontis Günther, 1864 . ― Revisions: Teugels (1982: 442). ― Illustration: Skelton and Teugels (1992: figs. 1-2).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Southern Anatolia and Orontes river basin.― Distribution in river basins: 9- Antalya, 12- Sakarya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: North America; Eastern Europe to central Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species is a benthopelagic (living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface), potamodromous (migratory), and freshwater fish species. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: This species is of major economic importance all over its range and it is even an important aquaculture species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Clarias lazera => Clarias gariepinus

Silurus gariepinus => Clarias gariepinus Heteropneustidae Hora, 1936 (airsac catfishes) Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) => not established in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2022)

Icraluridae Gill, 1861 (North American freshwater catfishes)

Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2022)

Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2022)

Esociformes

Esocidae Rafinesque, 1815 (pikes)

Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 [N] ― Northern pike/Turna Taxonomy. Original description: Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758: 314 [Europe; possible syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.114 (1, skin)]. Type catalog: Wheeler 1958: 209]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: Berg (1948: 458). ― Illustration: Berg (1948: 459, fig. 274).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Thrace, Black Sea and central Anatolian lakes and translocated to some reservoirs in Anatolia. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 10- Burdur, 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 16- Konya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 20-Ceyhan, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh, 24-Aras, 25- Van Lake. ― General distribution: Circumpolar in Northern Hemisphere: North America, Europe, and northern Asia; widely introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia, 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages, 444-Lake Van. ― Habitat: This species usually occurs in clear small lakes, shallow vegetated areas of larger lakes, marshes, creeks, and small to large rivers. It moves to deeper, cooler water in the summer. Spawning occurs in shallow flooded marshes associated with lakes, inlet streams to those lakes, or rivers; spawning habitat is basically a flooded area with emergent vegetation. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: No major threats are known. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Salmoniformes

Salmonidae Jarocki /Schinz, 1822 (salmonids) Coregoninae Bonaparte, 1845 (whitefishes)

Coregonus albula ( Linnaeus, 1758) [I] ― Vendace/none Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo albula Linnaeus, 1758: 310 [Europe; no types known]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2022a). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Aktaş. ― Distribution in river basins: 24-Aras. ― General distribution: Central Europe east to North Asia (Siberia, Russia), including Baltic Sea; introduced in Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages. ― Habitat: This species is lacustrine and marine in open water. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).