Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891

Barros, Lurdiana D., Barão, Kim R. & Grazia, Jocelia, 2021, Taxonomic updates on the Mecocephala group (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Redescription of ‘ Hypatropis complex’, with a review of genitalic terminology and new records, Zootaxa 4981 (1), pp. 1-46 : 9-12

Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891

Melpia Stål, 1867: 529 ; 1872: 31–32; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 146; 71; Pirán, 1970: 87.

Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891: 235 ; Kirkaldy, 1909: 91; Fernandes & Grazia, 1996: 341–352; Grazia & Fernandes, 1996: 353–356; Campos & Grazia, 1998: 205; Grazia et al. 1998: 163; Grazia et al. 1999: 74–76; Frey-da-Silva et al. 2002: 181; Schwertner et al. 2002: 172; Ruschel et al. 2013: 552–553; Gaberlotto & Campos, 2014: 26; Krinski et al. 2015: 12–13; Bianchi et al. 2016: 443; Barão et al. 2017: 110; Coscarón, 2017: 227; Silva et al. 2018: 429; Barão et al. 2020: figs 10, 26; Barros et al. 2020a: 1046, 1053, 1069; Barros et al. 2020b, 321–322, 351, 354–355; Barros et al. 2021: 457–458 .

Type species. Hypatropis sternalis Stål, 1869 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Mandibular plates longer than or as long as clypeus. Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight. Mesosternum flat. Process of each lateral margin of valvifers 9 not covering the laterotergites 9.

Redescription. Body oval to oblong ( Figs 55–59 ). General coloration pale brown to grayish-brown, pro- and metasternum with dark-brown to black stain, evaporatorium dark-brown to reddish-brown, legs brown to reddishbrown. Dorsal surface slightly convex, ventral surface slightly convex or flat. Dorsal surface with dense and dark punctation, ventrally, concentrated and smaller on the sternites. Mandibular plates equal or longer than clypeus ( Figs 1 , 60 , 73 , 85 , 101 ); lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuous, levelled in relation to the plan of mesial margins ( Fig. 9 ). Clypeus wider basally than apically. Proportions of antennomeres variable; antennomere 2 subequal to 1. Bucculae tapering toward base of head, reaching or not its base. Labium varying in length. Proportions of labiomeres variable ( Figs 13–14 , 61 , 74–75 , 84 , 94–95, 100, 102); labiomere 2 cylindrical and smaller than 3 and 4 combined. Processes of anterior angles of pronotum obtuse. Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight and crenulated, with outline concolour with pronotum and evenly punctate. Posterolateral margins of pronotum sub-rectilinear. Posterior margin of pronotum slightly convex ( Figs 1 , 62 , 85 , 101 ). Mesosternum and metasternum flat. Each ostiole of ESES elliptical; periostiolar depressions present; evaporatorium punctate, reaching more than half of metapleuron. Each outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium, concave. Evaporatorium on mesopleuron reaching its anterior and posterior angles, and the outer margins ( Figs 21, 24 , 76 ). Callosity at apex of radial vein pale yellow. Membranal suture sinuous. Hemelytra surpassing or not the abdominal apex. Connexivum exposed ( Figs 55–59 , 60 , 73 , 83 , 99 ). Posterolateral angles of sternites not produced, straight. Spiracles circular, black. Trichobothria separated by an imaginary line tangent to the spiracles.

Male genitalia. Pygophore subquadrangular, as wide as long. Middle region of dorsal rim entire. Area between layers of ventral rim depressed or excavated, covered with setae. Each lateral margin of superior layer of ventral rim entire or notched, in superior view, with or without process. Inferior layer of ventral rim with or without process. Segment X rectangular, carinated, with tumescent processes basally ( Figs 27–29 , 64–66 , 87–89 , 96–97, 103–105). Phallus ( Figs 39–41 , 67–70 , 77–79 , 90–92 , 106–108 ): Dorsal connectives of articulatory apparatus short or long, in relation to distal half of phallotheca. Processus capitati short or long, reaching or not phallotheca distal margin. Phallotheca wider than long; dorsal processes of phallotheca of variable width in species, apically curved. Conjunctiva with two pairs of processes, and two pairs of lobes: median and ventral lobes, membranous. Ductus seminis distalis long, at least three times longer than the conjunctiva.

Female genitalia. Valvifers 8 flat or convex, sub equal in length to laterotergites 9. Valvifers 9 flat or swollen; each lateral margin with 1+1 processes. Posterior margins of laterotergites 8 obtusely projected. Mesial margins of laterotergites 9 divergent, posterior margins obtusely projected and surpassing abdominal tergite 8 ( Figs 44 , 76 , 89 , 105 ). Ectodermal ductus ( Figs 48 , 67–68 , 77–78 , 106 ): Ductus receptaculi uniform in diameter; proximal ductus receptaculi long, in relation to the length of vesicular area; straight. Distal ductus receptaculi convoluted, with diameter equal to median wall of vesicular area diameter. Anterior annular flange smaller than pars intermedialis and posterior annular flange wider in relation to capsula seminalis. Capsula seminalis globose.

Distribution. Honduras; Nicaragua (Managua); Costa Rica (Heredia); Panama (Canal Zone); Colombia; Venezuela (Zulia); Trinidad and Tobago (Saint Augustine); Suriname (Paramaribo); Brazil (Pará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santa Fé, and Entre Rios); Uruguay (Montevideo) ( Fig. 111 ).

Key to the species of Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891

1 Mandibular plates as long as clypeus..................................................................... 2

- Mandibular plates longer than clypeus.................................................................... 3

2 Evaporatorium reaching more than half of the width of the mesopleuron. Spiracles of abdominal sternite 2 covered by metathorax. Mesial area adjacent to spiracles without callosity. Genital cup occupying less than half of pygophore length ( Fig. 27 ). Posterolateral angles of pygophore quadrate. Area between layers of ventral rim depressed. Superior layer of ventral rim without process, each lateral margin entire............................................................ H. inermis

- Evaporatorium reaching less than half of the width of mesopleuron. Spiracles of abdominal sternite 2 not covered by metathorax. Mesial area adjacent to spiracles with callosity. Genital cup occupying more than half of pygophore length. Posterolateral angles of pygophore rounded (Fig. 96). Area between layers of ventral rim excavated. Superior layer of ventral rim with a pair of processes, each lateral margin notched........................................................... H. similis

3 Evaporatorium reaching more than half of the width of mesopleuron. Posterolateral angles of pygophore rounded ( Fig. 103 ). Area between layers of ventral rim separated by carina, depressed ( Fig. 104 )............................. H. sternalis

- Evaporatorium reaching less than half of width of mesopleuron. Posterolateral angles of pygophore quadrate ( Figs 64 , 87 ). Area between layers of ventral rim not separated by carina, excavated ( Figs 65 , 89 )..................................... 4

4 Mesial area adjacent to spiracles without callosity ( Fig. 63 ). Genital cup occupying less than half of pygophore length. Extension of dorsal rim of well-developed over segment X. Inferior layer of ventral rim with a pair of processes. Valvifers 8 flat. Valvifers 9 flat, anterior margins straight and posterior convex........................................ H. australis

- Mesial area adjacent to spiracles with callosity ( Figs 14 , 86 ). Genital cup occupying more than half of pygophore length. Extension of dorsal rim obsolete. Inferior layer of ventral rim without process. Valvifers 8 convex. Valvifers 9 swollen, anterior margins concave and posterior straight............................................................ H. rolstoni

Figures

FIGURE 111. Occurrence records of the species of Hypatropis.

FIGURES 55–59. Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891. Holotype, habitus dorsal. 55: H. australis; 56: H. inermis; 57: H. rolstoni; 58: H. similis; 59: H. sternalis. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 1–12. Head and pronotum. 1–4: dorsal view; 5–8: detail of anterior angles of pronotum; 9–12: lateral view. 1, 5: Hypatropis inermis; 9: Hypatropis australis; 2, 6, 10: Amauromelpia ussu; 3, 7, 11: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi; 4, 8, 12: Stysiana acarinatis. Abbreviations: aap, anterior angle of pronotum. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 60–72. Hypatropis australis Fernandes & Grazia, 1996. 60–61: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 62: Head, dorsal view; 63: Abdomen, lateral view; 64–66: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 67–70: Phallus in dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterolateral view; 71–72: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: pcj, process of conjunctiva; st, secondary thickenings of valvulae 9. Scale bars = 60–61: 1.0 mm; 62–66, 70–72: 0.5 mm; 67–70: 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 73–82. Hypatropis inermis (Stål, 1872). 73–74: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 75: Head and thorax lateral; 76: Thoracic external scent efferent system; 77–79: Phallus in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 80: Genital plates in posteroventral view; 81–82: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: bc, bucculae; ddr, distal ductus receptaculi; st, secondary thickenings of valvulae 9; ev: evaporatorium; va, vesicular area. Scale bars = 73–74: 1.0 mm; 75, 80–82: 0.5 mm; 76: 500 µm; 77–79: 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 83–93. Hypatropis rolstoni Fernandes & Grazia, 1996. 83–84: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 85: Head in dorsal view and detail of antennomeres 1–2; 86: Detail of spiracles on abdominal sternite 6; 87–89: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 90–92: Phallus in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 93: Genital plates in posteroventral view. Abbreviations: prX, process of segment X. Scale bars = 83–84: 1.0 mm; 85, 87–89, 93: 0.5 mm; 90–92: 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 99–110. Hypatropis sternalis (Stål, 1869). 99–100: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 101–102: Head, dorsal and lateral view; 103–105: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 106–108: Phallus in dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterolateral view; 109: Genital plates in posteroventral view; 110: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: ddr, distal ductus receptaculi; pdr, proximal ductus receptaculi; va, vesicular area. Scale bars = 99–100: 1.0 mm; 101–102, 109–110: 0.5 mm; 103–105: 1.0 mm; 106–108: 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 13–20. Head and pronotum in ventral view and habitus lateral. 13: Hypatropis inermis; 14: Hypatropis rolstoni; 15–16: Amauromelpia ussu; 17–18: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi; 19–20: Stysiana pardidens. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of external scent efferent system of metasternal glands. 21–26: evaporatorium; 24–26: detail of evaporatorium. 21, 24: Hypatropis sternalis; 22, 25: Amauromelpia ussu; 23, 26: Stysiana acarinatis. Abbreviations: am, anterolateral margin; ev, evaporatorium; ms, mesopleuron; mt, metapleuron; o, ostiole; om, outer margin; per, peritreme; pod, periostiolar depression. Scale bars = 21–23: 500 μm; 24–26: 100 μm.

FIGURES 27–38. Male genitalia. Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view, respectively. 27–29: Hypatropis inermis; 30–32: Amauromelpia ussu; 33–35: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi: 36-38: Stysiana pardidens. Abbreviations: dr, dorsal rim; ilvr, inferior layer of ventral rim; slvr, superior layer of ventral rim; spp, superior process of pygophore; vr, ventral rim. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 39–47. Generalized scheme of Phallus. 39–41: Generalized scheme of Hypatropis. 42–44: Amauromelpia ussu; 45–47: Generalized scheme of Stysiana. Abbreviations: aa, articulatory apparatus; cj, conjunctiva; dc, dorsal connectives; dpph, dorsal process of phallotheca; mlcj, median lobe of conjunctiva; pc, processus capitati; pcj, process of conjunctiva; pdpph, posterodorsal projection of phallotheca; ph, phallotheca; plppha, posterolateral projection of phallotheca; pve, process of vesicae; vbpph, ventrobasal projection of phallotheca; vlcj; ventral lobe of conjunctiva. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 48–51. Female genitalia. Genital plates in posteroventral view. 48: Hypatropis australis; 49: Amauromelpia miri; 50: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi: 51: Stysiana pardidens. Abbreviations: la8, laterotergites 8; la9, laterotergites 9; vf8, valvifers 8; vf9, valvifers 9. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.