Tulipa dubia Vved.

Tojibaev, Komiljon, Dekhkonov, Davron, Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon, Sun, Hang, Deng, Tao & Yusupov, Ziyoviddin, 2022, The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan, Phytotaxa 573 (2), pp. 163-214 : 196-198

4.3. Tulipa dubia Vved. in Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 21: 148 (1935).

Type:— Chotan ruch’ya Kashkasu, 10 June 1909, Minkwitz 617 (holotype LE!) .

Description:—Bulb ovoid, 1–2(3) cm thick; tunic blackish-brown or brown, papery, inside adpressed-hairy; plants of relatively stocky habit; stem (7) 10–25 cm long, commonly hidden in the rosette of leaves at the beginning of flowering and later elongating, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent and often purple tinged; leaves 2–4, more or less approximate, curled or undulate, exceeding the flower, more or less pubescent, ciliate, glaucous; basal leaf lanceolate to oblong or ovate, 1.5–3.0 cm broad; flower solitary, opens to a wide star; perigone segments 2–4 cm long, equal, yellow, red or motley yellow-red, sometimes with a small indistinct yellow (in red form) or orange (in yellow form) blotch; outer segments lanceolate or oblong-rhomboidal, acuminate, with a pubescent tip, glaucous-pink on the back; inner segments oblong, more or less obtuse, with a pubescent tip; stamens one-third to half as long as perigone; filaments yellow or orange, glabrous, rather thick, long triangular; anthers yellow, oblong with a short acute tip, almost equal in length with filaments or up to 1.5 times longer, opening gradually from the top but not becoming strongly incurved or twisted; pollen yellow; ovary two-thirds the length of stamens, with subsessile stigma. Capsule oblong, whitish-yellow, with a short beak ( Fig. 10C ).

General distribution:—Western Tian-Shan ( Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-1 Western Tian-Shan district (I-1-a Ugam-Pskem region; I-1-b Western Chatkal region; I-1-c Arashan region; I-1-d Kurama region; I-1-e Chorkesar region).

Phenology:—Flowering: April–June; fruiting: May–August (depending on elevation).

Ecology:—Dry stony slopes and screes, in middle and upper mountain zone, 1500–3300 m a.s.l.

Note:—Typically, the populations of Tulipa dubia occur on higher altitudinal zone than T. kaufmanniana and T. tschimganica . However, in the valley Aksay (Greater Chimgan), all three species grow almost on the same elevations but occupy different habitats. The main character, distinguishing T. dubia from other species of T. sect. Spiranthera is the shape of filaments.

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Western Tian-Shan district, Ugam-Pskem region, Karzhantau Range , Bostanlyk district , Karzhantau , alpine zone, Mingbulak, 19 June 1962, Nabiev, Pratov, Shermatov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Ugam Range, Syr-Darya Province, Tashkent district, valley of river Maydantal , wet meadow in the ravine, 10 June 1909, Dolenko s.n. ( LE) ; upper reaches of river Kaynarsay, NW slope, 1800 m, 27 May 1960, Li 4 ( TASH!) ; Maydantal Range (Tashkent Province, Bostandyk district, middle reaches of river Oygaing , upper part of ravine Tekesh, near melting snow, 3000 m, 23 August 1958, Pavlov 181, 1075 ( MW) ; Pskem Range, Tashkent Province, Bostandyk district, tract Karangi-tugay at the confluence of rivers Oygaing and Maydantal , on scree near the mouth of the river Choralma , 1540 m, 16 May 1958, Pavlov 99 ( MW) ; Western Chatkal region, Chatkal Range, Chimgan , ravine opposite the sanatorium, 12 July 1920, Vassiljev s.n. ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Chimgan Botanical Station , Greater Chimgan, NW slopes, 2700 m, 26 June 1927, Gomolitsky 478 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Chimgan Botanical Station, Mt. Greater Chimgan , western ridge, stony northern slope, 2300 m, 19 May 1929, Gomolitsky 193 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of Parkentsay, near the peak Kyzyl-nura , rocks and crushed stone, 2500 m, 1 July 1936, Korotkova, Titov 879 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of river Greater Maydantal , north slope, 16 July 1936, Korotkova, Titov 1300 ( TASH!) ; tract Mingdjilke, upper reaches of river Nurekata , southern gravelly slope, 17 July 1936, Korotkova, Titov 1389, 1462 ( TASH!) ; Tashkent Alatau, valley of the river Kyzylsay , gravelly slopes on the watershed between Sukoksay and Kyzylsay, 31 May 1939, Butkov 20 ( TASH!) ; Bostandyk district, Greater Chimgan , thickets of shrubs on the slopes, 16 April 1947, Sumnevicz s.n. ( TASH!) ; Bostandyk district, Greater Chimgan , on gravelly slopes, 16 April 1947, Sumnevicz s.n. ( TASH!) ; piedmonts of Mt. Greater Chimgan , 31 May 1949, Korotkova 2148 ( TASH!) ; NE slopes of Greater Chimgan , 12 August 1956, Zuckerwanik 950 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Chatkal, basin of the river Akbulak, screes under the rocks near the top of Mt. Pulatkhan , 24 June 1957, Butkov 990 ( LE) ; Tashkent Province, Zarkent , watershed, 18 May 1961, Adylov 1606 ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Range, lower reaches of Bashkyzylsay , right tributary, southern slope, 26 May 1962, Adylov, Zuckerwanik 318 ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Range , saddle Sukok Stone, NW slope, among stones, 29 May1974, Levichev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Nature Reserve, saddle Buzbash , stony SW slope, 23 June 1974, Vyrypaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Phenological Ridge, upper part of Sukoksay, northern slope, 11 May 1975, Levichev s.n. ( Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve ); Chatkal Range, basin of the river Nurekata , Mt. Uynatay , 28 May 1975, Pratov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Tashkent Province, Chimgan Mts., Aksay valley , 1770 m, 14 April 2019, Beshko NB 2019018 ( TASH!) ; Tashkent Province, Chimgan Mts., Aksay valley , 1840 m, 09.05.2019, Beshko NB 2019025 ( TASH!) ; Arashan region, Chatkal Range, Syr-Darya Province, Tashkent district , warm springs Arashan, 15 July 1909, Borodin, Kallistov 143 ( LE) ; basin of the river Angren , near the spring Arashan, 3 July 1954, Nabiev, Li 376 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, Angren Plateau, Uchtashsay , tract Urtalyk, 3 July 1954, Butkov, Maylun 290 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, springs Arashan , argillaceous slopes, 6 July1954, Butkov, Maylun 372 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, lake Arashan (upper), among rocks, 7 July 1954, Butkov, Maylun 388 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren , right bank, upper reaches of Kelinchaksay, 2600 m, 21 July 1954, Butkov, Maylun 502 ( TASH!) ; Kurama Range, Pap district, tract Betagalyk , Kenkolsay , 4 June 1950, Bondarenko 451, 452, 455 ( TASH!) ; Pap district, on the road between the pass Maydan and pass Chapan-kuydy, 4 April 1950, Bondarenko 411 ( TASH!) ; basin of river Angren, near the pass Kosh-Davan , 28 June 1954, Nabiev, Li 342 ( TASH!) ; basin of river Angren , left bank, on the plateau, 8 km to the SE from village Sardala, 2450 m, 28 June 1954, Nabiev, Li 349 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, Angren Plateau , middle reaches of Karatashsay, argillaceous slope, 3 June 1954, Butkov, Maylun 305 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, Angren Plateau, upper reaches of Karatashsay , 2800 m, argillaceous slope, 3 July 1954, Butkov, Maylun 299 ( TASH!) ; Angren Plateau, river Irisu, 1977, Kari ; Angren Plateau , tract Betagalyk , Mt. Karatash , stony slope, ca. 2900 m, 25 June 2018, Tojibaev, Beshko, Turginov ( TASH!) ; Kurama region, Chatkal Range, the top of Mt. Ravat , 2 May 1931, Mackewicz 6 ( TASH!) ; Kurama Range, basin of upper reaches of river Angren , surroundings of village Ablyk, 25 March 1944, Sumnevicz 77 ( TASH!) ; Kurama Range, the pass Kamchik , 28 May 1976, Pratov, Zuckerwanik, Makhmedov 759 ( TASH!) ; Kurama Range, the pass Kamchik , 220 m, southern slopes, 29 May 1981, Shermatov, Kazakbaev, Levichev, Tagaev 355, 368 ( TASH!) ; Chorkesar region, Kurama Range, Parda-Tursun , Novbulak , watershed with Tavatsay, 3200 m, 20 July 2009, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chadaksay, the upper part of the Pashakhana tract, near Betagalik, 26 June 2012, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) .

4.4. Tulipa uzbekistanica Botschantseva & Sharipov in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 109. (1971).

Type :— UZBEKISTAN. Uzbekistania australis, promontoria ad meridiem a via Dechkananabad – Derbent , montes Kurukdagana, ad declive australe trajectus Tally, in argillis saliferis griseis, 19 May 1967, V. Botschantzev 134 (holotype LE!) .

Description:—Bulb ovoid, 1.0–2.5(4.5) cm thick, situated at the depth of 5–20 cm; tunic slightly prolonged, tough, coriaceous, blackish-brown (old ones) or golden brown (current years), the inner surface glabrous, only at the base and apex sparsely covered with short, straight, adpressed, yellowish hairs; stem (10) 15–20 cm long, pale green, densely pubescent; leaves 3, broadly lanceolate, undulate, falcate, recurved, glaucous-green, pubescent (more densely on upper side); basal leaf ca. 5 cm width; flower solitary, widely cup-shaped, fragrant; perigone segments 3.5–4.5(5.0) cm long, orange-red, usually with a large dark brown basal blotch, with broad orange or bright yellow margin, orange on the back; outer segments broadly ovate, attenuate at the apex, with a pubescent tip; inner segments smaller, broadly ovate, obtuse with a denticulate apex; stamens half the length of perigone; filaments cuneiform, yellow; anthers light yellow, rarely vinous-red, opening gradually from apex to base in 2 to 3 days and becoming twisted or strongly incurved; ovary light violet with a glaucous tinge; capsule 1.5–2.0 cm broad, 3–5 cm long.

General distribution:—Endemic to the western spurs of Hissar Range ( Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-6 Western Hissar district (I-6-b Tarkapchigay region).

Phenology:—Flowering: April–May; fruiting: June–July.

Ecology:—Sandy grey clays in middle mountain zone, 1500–1700 m a.s.l.

Etymology:—The national endemic is named in honor of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Note:— Botschantzeva (1962) stated that it belonged to sect. Spiranthera as it shows the coiled anthers as they dehisce. However, she placed it within the group of T. lanata . The species is similar to T. fosteriana and T. ingens , but it is distinguished by having a leathery tunic that is hairy only at the base and top ( Christenhusz et al. 2013).

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Western Hissar district , Tarkapchigay region , Hissar Range, the way Kurgantash – Tarkapchigay, variegated beds, 12 March 1968, collector unknown s.n. ( TASH!) ; watersheds of the left bank of Tarkapchigay , 12 April 1977, Kamelin, Mikhaylova, Mishenkova, Solovjev 163, 184 ( LE) ; Kuhitang mountain system, Suvsiztau, Tarkapchigay pass, 11 April 1977, Kamelin, Mikhaylova, Mishenkova, Solovjev 145 ( LE) ; southwest spurs of Hissar , Akbashtau, 5–10 km to south from the village Kurgantash, 17 April 1983, Kamelin & others 288 ( LE) ; Akbashitau , surroundings of Tarkapchigay pass (Akdagana village), 18 April 1983, Kamelin & others 325 ( LE) ; surroundings of Dekhkanabad , Tally pass, 8 April 2012, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kashkadarya Province , Dekhkanabad district , Mts. Akbashtau (Kurukdagana), surroundings of the pass Tally, 4 May 2017, Shomurodov, Beshko, Kodyrov, Sharipova s.n. ( TASH!) .

The change in the state of populations of the section can be found with T. kaufmanniana which populations are decreasing progressively due to overexploitation in Kamchik pass (Kurama range). T. uzbekistanica was described (Botschantzeva 1971) after 1970 ( Fig. 11 ). Thus, this species was not shown in Fig. 11A .

Subgenus Eriostemones (Boiss.) Hall, Book of the Tulip: 60. (1929)

Figures

FIGURE 10. Species of Tulipa sect. Spiranthera: A. T. kaufmanniana, B. T. tschimganica, C. T.dubia. Scale bars, 1 cm.

FIGURE 11. Distribution of the species of Tulipa sect. Spiranthera before (A) and after (B) the year 1970. The species T. uzbekistanica (4) was described as a new species after 1970.