Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955

Souma, Jun, 2022, Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2), pp. 219-281 : 219

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
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scientific name	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955
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Treatment

[Japanese name: Tosaka-gunbai] Figs 3E View Figure 3 , 5E View Figure 5 , 6B View Figure 6 , 8E View Figure 8 , 10F View Figure 10 , 12E View Figure 12 , 14F View Figure 14 , 16E View Figure 16 , 18E View Figure 18 , 20C View Figure 20 , 22C View Figure 22 , 24C View Figure 24 , 26E View Figure 26 , 28E View Figure 28 , 30G View Figure 30 , 32G View Figure 32 , 37B View Figure 37 , 42H-J View Figure 42

Tingis globurifera Matsumura, 1905: 36 (junior primary homonym of Tingis globurifera Walker, 1873). Lectotype by subsequent designation ( Tomokuni 1994: 842), ♂ (Fig. 37B View Figure 37 ): Japan: Gifu [= Honshu, Gifu-ken]; ELHU.

Stephanitis globurifera : Matsumura (1907: 148) (new combination).

Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955: 10. New name for Stephanitis globurifera (Matsumura, 1905).

References.

Horváth (1912: 330) (distribution); Drake (1923: 104) (distribution); Takeya (1930: 72) (host plant); Drake and Poor (1937: 403) (distribution); Drake (1948: 55) (checklist: Stephanitis ); Bailey (1950: 148) (invasion); Takeya (1951b: 11) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis ); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 50) (distribution); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 364) (catalog); Miyamoto (1965: 91) (monograph); Lee (1969: 226) (nymph, male genitalia); Tomokuni (1981: 109) (distribution); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (1980: 134) (pest); Tomokuni (1985: 156) (distribution); Ichita (1989: 33) (distribution); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Takahashi (1990a: 28) (checklist: Hyogo); Yasunaga et al. (1993: 179) (monograph); Tsukada (1994: 221) (biology); Péricart and Golub (1996: 63) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (2006: 183) (pest); Miyatake (2006: 27) (host plant); Miyamoto (2008: 158) (monograph); Tsukada (2008: 349) (biology); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 208) (monograph); Vétek et al. (2012: 22) (distribution); Aukema et al. (2013: 72) (checklist: Palaearctic); Yano et al. (2013: 26) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 61) (distribution); Barta and Bideň (2016: 195) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 434) (checklist: Japan); Ito and Sasaki (2018: 20) (checklist: Oita); Okochi (2019: 3) (distribution); Grosso-Silva et al. (2020: 371) (distribution).

Material examined.

Lectotype (1 ♂, ELHU) (Fig. 37B View Figure 37 ), JAPAN: Honshu: Gifu [= Honshu, Gifu-ken (approximate coordinates: 35°26'05.5"N, 136°46'16.6"E)]. Non-types (157 ♂♂ 169 ♀♀ 2 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Saitama-ken, Iruma-gun, Moroyama-machi, Takinoiri, Kanikusa-hashi, 28.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA); Tokyo-to, Hachioji-shi, Uratakao-machi, Kogesawa-rindo, 6.ix.2016, leg. J. Souma (11 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 12.v.2017 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); as above 22.v.2017, leg. Y. Kato (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Minami-ku, Asamizodai, 4.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-shi, Minami-ku, Shimomizo, 10.ix.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Funako, 12.v.2016, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 7.iii.2017 (1 ♀, TUA); as above, but 5.v.2017 (23 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 6.v.2017 (20 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 7.v.2017, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 11.v.2017 (43 ♂♂ 52 ♀♀, TUA); as above, but 31.v.2017 (4 ♀♀, ELKU); as above but 5.vi.2017 (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Nanasawa, 6.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Isehara-shi, Oyama, 31.v.2017, leg. Y. Yamada (1 ♂, TUA); Yamanashi-ken, Hokuto-shi, Takane-cho, Kiyosato, 5.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Nagano-ken, Matsumoto-shi, Azumi, 7.ix.2022, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Hiroshima Pref., Kitahiroshima, Nakaso, 23.vii.2022, leg. Y. Uehara (1 ♂, TUA); as above but leg. H. Hashimoto (1 ♂, TUA). Sado Island: Chigusa, 28.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Kamiyokoyama, 28.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); Kujikawachi, 29.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♀♀, TUA); Noura, 29.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀, TUA). Shikoku: Kagawa-ken, Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-cho, Fujio, 28.iv.2020, leg. Y. Waki (1 ♂, TUA); Kagawa-ken, Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-cho, Donguri Land, 23.v.2021, leg. Y. Waki (1 ♀, TUA); Kochi-ken, Kochi-shi, Shigekura, 2.vii.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ 2 nymphs, ELKU). Kyushu: Fukuoka-ken, Kasuya-gun, Sasaguri-machi, Tsubakuro, 5.vi.2020, leg. N. Tsuji (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, ELKU); Fukuoka Pref., Tagawa, Soeda, Mt. Hiko-san , Takanosubaru, 28.v.2022, leg. Y. Uehara (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Oita-ken, Kusu-gun, Kokonoe-machi, 12.vii.2017, leg. S. Imada (1 ♀, ELKU); Kumamoto Pref., Aso, Minamiaso, Kain, 12.vi.2022, leg. H. Hashimoto (1 ♀, TUA); Kumamoto-ken, Kuma-gun, Mizukami-mura, Mt. Ichifusa-yama , 27.vii.2022, leg. S. Inoue (1 ♀, TUA); Oita-ken, Hita-shi, Maetsue-machi, Ono, 21.viii.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Oita-ken, Hita-shi, Maetsue-machi, Yugi, 21.viii.2022, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA). Ryukyu Islands (northern part): Yakushima Island : Kosugidani, 23.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya & Y. Hirashima (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU); as above, but 29.vii.1963, leg. T. Okada (1 ♀, KUM); Hananoego, 24.viii.1952, leg. C. Takeya & Y. Hirashima (17 ♂♂ 19 ♀♀, ELKU; 1 ♀, KUM); as above, but 26.x.1979, leg. S. Makihara (4 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, NSMT); Onoaida, 20.viii.2021 (3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU). GoogleMaps

Diagnosis.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, calli, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface black (Figs 8E View Figure 8 , 10F View Figure 10 , 12E View Figure 12 , 14F View Figure 14 , 16E View Figure 16 , 18E View Figure 18 , 20C View Figure 20 , 22C View Figure 22 , 24C View Figure 24 ); body in male 2.1 times (in female 1.9 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3E View Figure 3 , 5E View Figure 5 , 6B View Figure 6 ); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum tricarinate (Fig. 26E View Figure 26 ); hood dark, longer than median carina of pronotum, wider than maximum width of head across eyes, completely covering eye, higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending near posterior margin of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, not narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28E View Figure 28 ); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 3 rows (in female with 4 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30G View Figure 30 ); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin cuspidate in middle part, inner margin slightly curved inwards in basal part (Fig. 32G View Figure 32 ).

Remarks.

Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis , S. (Stephanitis) takeyai is similar to S. (S.) svensoni Drake, 1948, which feeds on Illicium anisatum L. ( Schisandraceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), in general habitus, but the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: hood longer than median carina of pronotum (shorter in S. (S.) svensoni ), wider than maximum width of head across eyes (narrower in S. (S.) svensoni ), completely covering eye (incompletely covering in S. (S.) svensoni ) (Figs 8E View Figure 8 , 10F View Figure 10 , 26E View Figure 26 ); and subcostal area of hemelytron in male with 3 rows (in female 4 rows) of areolae at widest part (in male 4 rows and in female 5 rows in S. (S.) svensoni ) (Figs 16E View Figure 16 , 18E View Figure 18 ).

Teratological form.

Segmental oligomery of the antenna was confirmed in S. (S.) takeyai and one examined specimen lacked the left antennal segment IV (Fig. 6B View Figure 6 ), as reported in many tingids ( Štusák and Stehlík 1978; Souma 2020b, 2020d, 2020e).

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu; Sado Island; Oki Islands: Dogo Island; Shikoku; Kyushu; Ryukyu Islands (northern part): Yakushima Island) (Fig. 48 View Figure 48 ); Austria; Belgium; Canada; Czech Republic; France; Great Britain; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Slovakia; Switzerland; U.S.A. ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Vétek et al. 2012; Aukema et al. 2013; Barta and Bideň 2016; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; Grosso-Silva et al. 2020; present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai is native to Japan, but it has invaded many countries in Europe and North America ( Yamada and Tomokuni 2012). The previous record from India ( Drake and Ruhoff 1965) is an error resulting from the confusion between the type locality of Tingis globulifera Walker, 1873 [= Cochlochila (Physodictyon) bullita ( Stål, 1873)] described from India and T. globulifera Matsumura, 1905 [= S. (S.) takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955] described from Japan (cf. Drake and Maa 1955). The previous records from Amami-Oshima Island, the central part of the Ryukyu Islands ( Takeya 1963), are misidentifications of S. (S.) pyrioides and a nymph pertaining to another genus. In Japan, S. (S.) takeyai inhabits the deciduous broad-leaved forest in a temperate climate of Japan proper (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and its surrounding islands, which is in the Palaearctic Region.

Host plants.

Aesculus turbinata Blume, “Tochinoki” ( Sapindaceae ) ( Takeya 1963); Cerasus jamasakura (Siebold ex Koidz.) H.Ohba, “Yamazakura” ( Rosaceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Cinnamomum camphora , “Kusunoki” ( Lauraceae ) ( Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019); Diospyros kaki Thunb., “Kaki” ( Ebenaceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993); Elliottia paniculata (Siebold et Zucc.) Hook.f., “Hotsutsuji” ( Ericaceae ) ( Takeya 1963); Hydrangea hydrangeoides , “Iwagarami” (Siebold et Zucc.) B.Schulz ( Hydrangeaceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Illicium anisatum , “Shikimi” ( Schisandraceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Lindera obtusiloba , “Dankobai” ( Lauraceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); L. praecox (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Aburachan” ( Takeya 1963); L. triloba , “Shiromoji” ( Takeya 1963); Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., “Aomoji” ( Lauraceae ) ( Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Lit. umbellata Thunb., “Kuromoji” (Fig. 44E View Figure 44 ) ( Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; present study); Lit. sericea (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Kekuromoji” ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude, “Nejiki” ( Ericaceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014; Okochi 2019); Machilus thunbergii , “Tabunoki” ( Lauraceae ) (present study); Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D.Don ex G.Don, “Asebi” ( Ericaceae ) ( Takeya 1930, 1963; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014); Platanus spp., “Suzukakenoki” or “Puratanasu” ( Platanaceae ) ( Miyatake 2006); Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne. “Ushikoroshi” ( Rosaceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Rhododendron japonoheptamerum Kitam. var. hondoense (Nakai) Kitam., “Honshakunage” ( Okochi 2019); Salix sp., “Yanagi” ( Salicaceae ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc, “Egonoki” ( Styracaceae ) ( Takeya 1930, 1963). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai feeds on an extremely wide range of angiosperms and is euryphagous, unlike many tingids ( Schuh and Weirauch 2020). However, some records of this species, collected from Hydrangeaceae , Rosaceae , Salicaceae , Sapindaceae , Schisandraceae and Styracaceae ( Takeya 1930, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), do not include data on the insect’s development. As this lace bug is the most common Japanese lace bug ( Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), some of the previous host records may be of plant families from which S. (S.) takeyai was accidentally collected. This lace bug sometimes occurs on plantings of C. camphora , D. kaki and P. japonica in its distribution range (present study). This tingid species has been known to be a pest of D. kaki and P. japonica (Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 1980, 2006) and, occasionally, it can also cause harm on C. camphora .

Biology.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) takeyai feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the various host plants in Japan (present study). In Japan, this lace bug is trivoltine ( Tsukada 1994, 2008); adults were collected in almost all seasons ( Takeya 1953; Tomokuni 1981, 1985; Ichita 1989; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Tsukada 1994, 2008; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yano et al. 2013; Maehara 2014; Ito and Sasaki 2018; present study); nymphs were collected from April to October ( Tsukada 1994, 2008; Maehara 2014; present study); the overwintering stage is the egg, but third-generation adults are found until March of the following year ( Tsukada 1994; present study).