Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horvath , 1912

Souma, Jun, 2022, Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2), pp. 219-281 : 219

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
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scientific name	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horvath , 1912
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Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horvath, 1912

[Japanese name: Yamakobashi-gunbai] Figs 2A View Figure 2 , 4A View Figure 4 , 7A View Figure 7 , 9A View Figure 9 , 11A View Figure 11 , 13A View Figure 13 , 15A View Figure 15 , 17A View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 , 21A View Figure 21 , 23A View Figure 23 , 25A View Figure 25 , 27A View Figure 27 , 29A View Figure 29 , 31A View Figure 31 , 33 View Figure 33 , 40A-C View Figure 40

Tingis pyrioides Scott, 1874: Matsumura (1905: 33) (monograph). Misidentification ( Horváth 1912: 328).

Stephanitis pyri Fabricius, 1775: Horváth (1906: 56) (monograph). Misidentification ( Horváth 1912: 328).

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua Horváth, 1912: 328. Syntype(s): Japan: Kanagawa [= Honshu, Kanagawa-ken] and Akashi [= Honshu, Hyogo-ken, Akashi-shi]; HNHM.

References.

Esaki and Takeya (1931: 54) (host plant); Takeya (1932: 8) (distribution); Saito (1933: 6) (distribution); Drake (1938: 197) (distribution); Drake (1948: 54) (distribution); Takeya (1951b: 9) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis ); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 32) (distribution); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 354) (catalog); Lee (1967: 106) (checklist: Korea); Lee (1969: 208) (nymph, male genitalia); Jing (1981: 355) (monograph); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Takahashi (1990b: 5) (checklist: Hyogo); Péricart and Golub (1996: 59) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Tomokuni (2006b: 67) (checklist: Taiwan); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph); Yano et al. (2013: 25) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 60) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan); Ahn et al. (2018: 64) (distribution); Ito and Sasaki (2018: 19) (checklist: Oita); Cho et al. (2020: 742) (distribution).

Material examined.

Non-types collected at type locality (36 ♂♂ 34 ♀♀ 2 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-Shi, Midori-ku, Yoshino (approximate coordinates: 35°37'54.8"N, 139°10'11.0"E), 9.viii.2017, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂, ELKU; 30 ♂♂ 28 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Sagamihara-Shi, Midori-ku, Naramoto For. Rd. (approximate coordinates: 35°37'48.6"N, 139°09'55.5"E), 4.ix.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ 2 nymphs, TUA). 64 adult individuals recorded above, matching the original description of the species ( Horváth 1912), were collected from the type locality, “Kanagawa” [= Honshu, Kanagawa-ken (a prefecture) or Kanagawa-ku (a ward) of Yokohama-shi (a city) of Kanagawa-ken]. Identification of S. (S.) ambigua in the present work is mainly based on these 64 adults. A total of 8- 10 syntypes of S. (S.) ambigua exist in the collection of HNHM (D. Rédei, pers. comm. 2021). Non-types (26 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀ 1 abdomen missing 2 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: “群馬” [= Gunma-ken (approximate coordinates: 36°32'43.2"N, 139°01'07.5"E)], “20/5/914” [= 20.v.1914], “武井氏” [= leg. Takei] (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELHU) (Fig. 33 View Figure 33 ); Nagano, Ohya, 8.viii.1959, leg. S. Miyamoto (15 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ 1 abdomen missing 2 nymphs, KUM); Nagano, Onasawa, 21.viii.1962, leg. Y. Miyatake (5 ♂♂, KUM); Nagano, Arayasu, 7.vii.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (4 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, KUM). Shikoku: Kagawa-ken, Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-cho, Donguri Land, Fujio Shrine, 4.vi.2020, leg. Y. Waki (2 ♀♀, TUA). Kyushu: Bungo, Sobosan, 20.vii.1930, leg. Fujino & Yasumatsu (1 ♀, ELKU). Four specimens deposited in ELHU were labeled with an inscription of “Matsumura” (deposited in Matsumura’s collection) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral in various shades of brown (Figs 7A View Figure 7 , 9A View Figure 9 , 11A View Figure 11 , 13A View Figure 13 , 15A View Figure 15 , 17A View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 , 21A View Figure 21 , 23A View Figure 23 ); calli light brown; body 1.8 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2A View Figure 2 , 4A View Figure 4 ); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum tricarinate (Fig. 25A View Figure 25 ); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than maximum width of head across eyes, completely covering eye, slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 3 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, not narrowed posteriorly, with 4 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin angularly curved inward at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 27A View Figure 27 ); apices of hemelytra separated from each other in rest; costal area with 5 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore flat at centre of venter, with posterior margin emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29A View Figure 29 ); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin sinuate in middle part, inner margin not curved in basal part (Fig. 31A View Figure 31 ).

Remarks.

Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis , S. (Stephanitis) ambigua is similar to S. (S.) nashi Esaki & Takeya, 1931, which feeds on deciduous rosaceous trees ( Esaki and Takeya 1931; Yasunaga et al. 1993; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012), in its general habitus. However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: hood wider than maximum width of head across eyes (as wide as vertex at widest part in S. (S.) nashi ), completely covering eye (not covering in S. (S.) nashi ) (Figs 7A View Figure 7 , 9A View Figure 9 , 25A View Figure 25 ); costal area of hemelytron with 5 rows of areolae at widest part (4 rows in S. (S.) nashi ) (Figs 15A View Figure 15 , 17A View Figure 17 ); and hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length (2 rows in basal part and a single row in remaining parts in S. (S.) nashi ).

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu; Shikoku; Kyushu) (Fig. 45 View Figure 45 ); China; Korea ( Esaki and Takeya 1931; Takeya 1932, 1963; Drake 1938, 1948; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016). A record from Taiwan ( Drake 1948) does not list any examined specimen and appears to be erroneous. In Japan, Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua inhabits deciduous broad-leaved forests in the temperate climatic zone of Japan proper (pertaining to the Palaearctic Region).

Host plants.

Lindera erythrocarpa Makino, “Kanakuginoki” ( Cho et al. 2020); L. glauca (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Yamakobashi” ( Lauraceae ) (Fig. 43A View Figure 43 ) ( Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study); L. obtusiloba Blume, “Dankobai” ( Esaki and Takeya 1931; Takeya 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012); L. triloba (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume, “Shiromoji” ( Takeya 1963). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous.

Biology.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) ambigua feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the three host plants in Japan (present study). In Japan, adults were collected in almost all seasons ( Takeya 1953; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yano et al. 2013; Maehara 2014; present study), whereas nymphs were collected in August and September (present study). The overwintering stage is the adult ( Maehara 2014). One of the natural enemies of this lace bug is Stethoconus japonicus Schumacher, 1917 ( Hemiptera , Heteroptera , Miridae ) ( Maehara 2014).