Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horvath , 1912

Souma, Jun, 2022, Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2), pp. 219-281 : 219

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
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scientific name	Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horvath , 1912
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Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horvath, 1912

[Japanese name: Yabunikkei-gunbai] Figs 3B View Figure 3 , 5B View Figure 5 , 8B View Figure 8 , 10B View Figure 10 , 12B View Figure 12 , 14B View Figure 14 , 16B View Figure 16 , 18B View Figure 18 , 20A View Figure 20 , 22A View Figure 22 , 24A View Figure 24 , 26A, B View Figure 26 , 28C View Figure 28 , 30D View Figure 30 , 32D View Figure 32 , 42A, B View Figure 42

Stephanitis (Norba) mendica Horváth, 1912: 334. Syntype(s): Japan: Sakuna [= Honshu, Chiba-ken, Sakuna of former Toyofusa-mura in early 20th Century (current Tateyama-shi, Sakuna)] and Satsuma [= Kyushu, Kagoshima-ken, former Satsuma-gun in early 20th Century (current Satsumasendai-shi and Satsuma-cho)]; ELHU (not deposited), HNHM.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) fasciicarina Takeya, 1931: Takara and Hidaka (1960: 188) (distribution). Misidentification.

References.

Takeya (1931: 77) (distribution); Drake (1948: 55) (checklist: Stephanitis ); Takeya (1951b: 13) (checklist: Japan); Drake and Maa (1953: 100) (checklist: Stephanitis ); Takeya (1953: 168) (distribution); Takeya (1963: 38) (distribution); Drake and Ruhoff (1965: 367) (catalog); Jing (1981: 346) (monograph); Miyamoto and Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Péricart and Golub (1996: 58) (catalogue: Palaearctic); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 205) (monograph); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 433) (checklist: Japan); Okochi (2019: 2) (distribution); Souma (2021d: 26) (distribution).

Material examined.

Non-types (186 ♂♂ 291 ♀♀ 9 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Shimosanagura, 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (19 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Tateyama, 22.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (8 ♂♂ 1 ♀ 5 nymphs); as above but 23.v.2021 (7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Sunozaki, 23.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀); Chiba-ken, Tateyama-shi, Yamogi (approximate coordinates: 34°58'08.9"N, 139°53'33.4"E), 24.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 1 nymph, ELKU; 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Yokohama-shi, Kanazawa-ku , Noukendaimori. 15.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (45 ♂♂ 61 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken , Yokosuka-shi , Kamoi , 27.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, ELKU; 38 ♂♂ 98 ♀♀, TUA). Jogashima Island : 4.vi.2019, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀, TUA). Shikoku : Kochi Pref., Ashizuri-misaki , 29.v.1999, leg. T. Befu (1 ♂, NSMT); Kochi Pref., Mt. Oodo , 3.vi.1971, leg. M. Tomokuni (2 ♂♂ 2 nymphs, NSMT). Kyushu : Chikuzen , Fukuoka, 27.vi.1931, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♂, ELKU; 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, KUM); Chikuzen , Aburayama , 6.vii.1952, leg. C. Takeya (4 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Atagoyama , 26.vi.1959, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, KUM); as above but 4.viii.1961, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM); Fukuoka, Hirao , 4.vii.1959, leg. Y. Miyatake (4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, KUM); Fukuoka-ken , Itoshima-shi , Shimakeya , 14.vi.2021, leg. J. Souma (6 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, ELKU); Ôita Pref., Saiki-shi , Kamiura , Niinameura , 19.vii.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Takanabe-chô, Mochida , Omarugawa , 12.v.2019, leg. R. Ito (13 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, ELKU); Miyazaki Pref., Hyûga-shi, Okuragahama , 1.vi.2019, leg. R. Ito (4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, ELKU); Kagoshima-ken , Kagoshima-shi , Shiroyama-cho , 4.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (4 ♀♀, TUA); Kagoshima Pref., Sô-shi, Sueyoshi-chô, Minaminogô, 8.vi.2019, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU); Kagoshima Pref., Kanoya-shi , Aira-chô, Kamimyô, 7.vi.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU). Nokonoshima Island : 27.vi.1987, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♀♀, KUM). Ryukyu Islands (northern and central parts): Yakushima Island : Tabugawa , 18.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (13 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA); Kusugawa , 18.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA); Koseda , 19.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA). Amami-Oshima Island : Amami-shi , Sumiyo-cho , Ishihara , 2.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); Amami-shi , Kasari-cho , Manya , 3.v.2022, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA). Okinawa Island : 20.iv.1958, leg. T. Takara (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT). Eight adult specimens collected from “Yamogi”, which is adjacent to one of the type localities, “Sakuna”, match the original description of Stephanitis (Norba) mendica ( Horváth 1912). The author identified S. (N.) mendica based on these eight adults in the present study. Syntype (s) of S. (N.) mendica exist in the collection of HNHM (D. Rédei, pers. comm. 2021). Four specimens collected from Okinawa Island were recorded as " Stephanitis fasciicarina " by Takara and Hidaka (1960) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.

Stephanitis (Norba) mendica is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 8B View Figure 8 , 10B View Figure 10 , 12B View Figure 12 , 14B View Figure 14 , 16B View Figure 16 , 18B View Figure 18 , 20A View Figure 20 , 22A View Figure 22 , 24A View Figure 24 ); calli light brown; body in male 2.2 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3B View Figure 3 , 5B View Figure 5 ); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate or tricarinate (Fig. 26A, B View Figure 26 ); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, not narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin angularly curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 28C View Figure 28 ); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 2-3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein not carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30D View Figure 30 ); and paramere stout, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 32D View Figure 32 ).

Remarks.

Amongst the Japanese species of Stephanitis , S. (Norba) mendica is similar to S. (N.) hiurai in general habitus, but it is easily distinguished by the following characters: hood slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part (as high as in S. (N.) hiurai ), with posterior margin extending middle of pronotal disc (not extending in S. (N.) hiurai ) (Figs 7E, F View Figure 7 , 8B View Figure 8 , 9E, F View Figure 9 , 10B View Figure 10 , 11E, F View Figure 11 , 12B View Figure 12 , 13E, F View Figure 13 , 14B View Figure 14 , 25E View Figure 25 , 26B View Figure 26 ); pronotal disc opaque (lustrous in S. (N.) hiurai ); paranotum more erect (less erect in S. (N.) hiurai ), not narrowed posteriorly (narrowed in S. (N.) hiurai ), with outer margin angularly curved inwards at posterolateral angle (gently curved in S. (N.) hiurai ); and R+M (radiomedial) vein in female carinate (not carinate in S. (N.) hiurai ) (Figs 17E, F View Figure 17 , 18B View Figure 18 ). The place name of one of the type localities “Sakuna” was considered to be a misspelling of “Satsuma” by Takeya (1931). However, both place names were listed together in the original description and the former is the name of an actual place in Honshu. The present author confirms the occurrence of S. (N.) mendica in “Yamogi”, adjacent to “Sakuna” (see material examined). Therefore, “Sakuna” seems to indeed correspond to one of the type localities of S. (N.) mendica .

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu; Jogashima Island; Shikoku; Kyushu; Nokonoshima Island; Ryukyu Islands (northern and central parts): Yakushima Island, Amami-Oshima Island, Okinawa Island) (Fig. 47 View Figure 47 ) ( Horváth 1912; Takeya 1931, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016; present study). Judging from the description and illustration provided by Jing (1981), Chinese individuals identified as Stephanitis (Norba) mendica differ from Japanese specimens in the structure of the pronotum, suggesting that they pertain to another species. Stephanitis (N.) mendica inhabits the laurilignosa in a temperate climate of Japan proper (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and its surrounding islands, which are in the Palaearctic Region.

Host plants.

Cinnamomum yabunikkei H.Ohba, “Yabunikkei” ( Lauraceae ) (Fig. 44A View Figure 44 ) ( Takeya 1931, 1963; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; Souma 2021d; present study). Stephanitis (Norba) mendica feeds only on this lauraceous tree and is monophagous.

Biology.

Stephanitis (Norba) mendica feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of Cinnamomum yabunikkei (present study). This lace bug occurs only around “Tsuyu” (rainy season in Japan) (present study) and seems to be univoltine; adults were collected from April to August ( Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; Okochi 2019; Souma 2021d; present study); nymphs were collected in May and June (present study); the overwintering stage is unknown.