Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) Kunth, 2016

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.250.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D13D2946-2F4D-B53B-FF52-FF14F007FAE0
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) Kunth
status

Treatment

ACANTHACEAE View in CoL

Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 236 (1818) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Shady places of forest and savanna margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Little Tobago-St.Giles; TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Craig Hall, Broadway s.n. (BM); Menna, Broadway s.n. (BM); Lambeau Hill, Sandwith 1647 (K); Spring Garden, Broadway 3490 (BM). TRINIDAD: Blue Basin, Diego Martin, Broadway 5875 (BM); Aripo Savanna, Waller Field, Howard 10446 (BM). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm., Cycl. 39: Aphelandra no. 3 (1819) Exotic.

Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees , in DC., Prodr. 11: 295 (1847) Exotic.

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 235 (1860) Syn: Asystasia coromandeliana Nees ; Justicia gangetica L. Exotic.

Asystasia violacea Dalz. ex C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. View in CoL 4: 494 (1884) Exotic.

Avicennia germinans View in CoL (L.) L., Sp. Pl. (ed. 3) 3: 891 (1764) Syn: Avicennia nitida Jacq. View in CoL ; Avicennia germinans View in CoL (L.) L. var. guayaquilensis (Kunth) Moldenke ; Avicennia nitida Jacq. View in CoL ; Avicennia nitida Jacq. var. trinitensis Moldenke Common View in CoL name: Black Mangrove, Limewood. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Littoral hedge and thicket and central parts of mangrove woodland, common. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 10: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Eggers 5897 (K). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Richardson 872 (TRIN 15946). Global range: Coasts of the American subtropics and tropics.

Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman ex Moldenke, Lilloa View in CoL 4: 336 (1939) Common name: Black Mangrove, White Mangrove. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Central parts of mangrove woodland and coastal brackish swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 10: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Broadway 5817 (BM); Monos, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2402); Cocorite, sine coll. (TRIN 7988); Caroni Swamp, Blue River, sine coll. (TRIN 5221), Adams 13661 (TRIN); Monkey Point, sine coll. (TRIN 10461). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Uruguay.

Barleria cristata View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 636 (1753) Exotic.

Barleria lupulina Lindl. , Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1483 (1832) Exotic.

Blechum pyramidatum (Lam.) Urban, Repert. View in CoL Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 323 (1918) Syn: Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard Common Name View in CoL : John Bush. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; Cumaca; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; Princes Town; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Chacachacare; Monos. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 36% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 40% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Dralfair, Scarborough, Broadway 3801 (BM). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 5259 (BM); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10347 (BM). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Peru, Bolivia.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1335 (1926) Syn: Amasonia integerrima Spreng. ; Bravaisia floribunda DC. Common name: Bois Negresse, Jigger Wood, White Mangue. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen seasonal forest, in inundated areas, mangrove margins and mud volcanos. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. PSP Distribution Plots: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 24% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 19% RBS samples); Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: without locality, Lockhart s.n. (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru.

Crossandra infundibuliformis View in CoL (L.) Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 98 (1832) Exotic.

Dicliptera aripoensis (Britton) Leonard, Fl. View in CoL Trinidad & Tobago 2: 374 (1954) Syn: Diapedium ariopense Britton Habit : Herb. Habitat: Montane woodland. IUCN: CR. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot View in CoL ; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Broadway 7094 (BM). Global range: Apparently endemic to Trinidad, but probably in the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela.

Dicliptera martinicensis (Jacq.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 268 (1807 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Semi-open rocky areas. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: without locality, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 2907). Global range: Greater Antilles, St. Croix, Lesser Antilles.

Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus . Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 267 (1807 Syn: Justicia assurgens L. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Waste ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Road, Broadway 7780 (BM). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Surinam, French Guiana, Bolivia.

Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers., Syn. Pl. View in CoL 1: 23 (1805) Syn: Elytraria tridentata Vahl View in CoL ; Justicia imbricata Vahl View in CoL ; Verbena squamosa Jacq. Exotic.

Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews, Bot. Repos. View in CoL 2: t.88 (1800) Exotic.

Fittonia albivenis (Lindl. ex Veitch) Brummitt, Bot. Mag. View in CoL 182: 165 (1979) Exotic.

Goldfussia isophylla Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. View in CoL 3: 88 (1832) Syn: Strobilanthes isophyllus (Nees) T.Anderson Exotic. View in CoL

Graptophyllum pictum View in CoL (L.) Griff., Notulae ad Plantas Asiaticas 4: 139 (1854) Exotic.

Hemigraphis alternata (Burm.f.) T.Anderson, J. Linn. Soc. London View in CoL 7: 114 (1864) Exotic.

Hemigraphis repanda View in CoL (L.) Lindau & Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Südsee 385 (1905) Exotic.

Hygrophila costata Nees, Pl. Hort. Bonn. Icon. View in CoL 2: 7 (1824) Syn: Hygrophila conferta Nees View in CoL ; Hygrophila guianensis Nees Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Streamsides in shaded places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Road, Broadway 7805 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Isotheca alba Turrill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 188 View in CoL (1922) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rocky places near streams. IUCN: VU. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Broadway 7092 (BM), Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 9858), sine coll. (TRIN 10113, TRIN 14148). Global range: Venezuela (Paria Peninsula).

Justicia carthaginensis Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. View in CoL 11 (1760) Syn: Adhatoda carthaginensis (Jacq.) Nees Habit View in CoL : Herb. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 4797, (BM); Logwood Park, Broadway 9317 (K). TRINIDAD: San Fernando Hill, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2909). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru.

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Justicia comata (L.) Lam., Encyc. 1: 632 (1785) Syn: Dianthera comata L.; Stethoma comata Britton Habit : Herb. Habitat: Weed in damp thickets and woods, usually on banks of streams. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Calder Hall, Broadway 3812 (BM); Betsy’s Hope River, Louis d’Or, Broadway 3873 (K); Mason Hall, Courland River, Sandwith 1859 (K). TRINIDAD: Oropuche River, Broadway 7630 (BM, K); Matura Forest Reserve, Philcox et al. 8062 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay.

Justicia flaviflora (Turrill) Wassh., Brittonia View in CoL 47: 424 (1995) Syn: Beloperone flaviflora Turrill Habit View in CoL : Shrub. Habitat: Montane Forest. IUCN: CR. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Williams s.n. (K, NY, TRIN 9859), Broadway 7093 (BM, K, TRIN 12986). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad, known only from the Aripo Heights.

Justicia laevilinguis (Nees) Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. View in CoL 19 (Beibl. 48): 20 (1894) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Swamps and wet grassy places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Nariva Swamp, Kelly s.n. (K), Philcox & Ramcharan 8181 (K). Global range: Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Justicia mohintli Moc. & Sessé ex Nees, Prodr. 11: 361 (1847) Exotic.

Justicia pectoralis Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 11 (1760) Syn: Dianthera pectoralis (Jacq.) J.F.Gmel. ; Stethoma pectoralis (Jacq.) Raf. Common name: Carpenter Bush, Carpenter Grass, Fresh Cut, Garden Balsam, Herbe a Charpentiers, Zeb Charpentier. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of roadsides and waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Caledonia, Broadway 4544 (BM). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (BM); Tunapuna, Raynal 15703 (K, P); Oropuche Local Road, Broadway 6173 (K); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10346 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Justicia secunda Vahl, Symb. Bot. View in CoL 2: 7 (1791) Syn: Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. Common Name View in CoL : Chachamunchin, St. John Bush. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: In second growth in moist shady places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Trinidad: Biche-Poole; Central Range; Cumaca; Huevos; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; San Fernando; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Gregg s.n. (BM). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway s.n. (BM); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6123 (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Verdant Vale, Broadway 7672 (BM); Aripo Road, Broadway 6007 (BM, K); Aripo Heights Road, Philcox et al. 409 (K); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10352 (BM). Global range: Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Justicia tobagensis (Urban) Wassh., Brittonia View in CoL 47: 425 (1995) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest undergrowth. IUCN: VU. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Great Dog River, Eggers 5847 (K); Mount St. George-Castara Road, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15305). Global range: Endemic to Tobago.

Lankesteria barteri Hook.f., Bot. Mag. View in CoL 91: t. 5533 (1865) Exotic.

Lepidagathis alopecuroidea (Vahl) R.Br. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 453 (1862) Syn: Ruellia alopecuroides Vahl ; Teliostachya alopecuroides (Vahl) Nees Habit : Herb. Habitat: Weed of plantations, pathsides and roadsides in forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Above Bloody Bay, Sandwith 1892 (K); Roxborough to Main Ridge Road, Clement & Ryves 313 (BM). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); Ortinola Estate, Alston 5129 (BM); St. Joseph, Philcox & Andrews 7700 (K); Curepe, Raynal 15542, (K, P); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5926 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 666 (1897) Exotic.

Mendoncia hoffmannseggiana Nees , in DC, Prodr. 11: 50 (1847) Habit: Climber. Habitat: In thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range; North Central Coast; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cap de Ville, Broadway 2227 (K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Odontonema brevipes Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 385 (1912) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Deep shade in moderatealtitude forest. IUCN: VU. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, near Easterfield, Broadway 3516 (BM); Lot 42, Broadway 4037 (BM); Easterfield, Broadway 4378 (BM); Main Ridge above Parlatuvier, Sandwith 1898 (K); Parlatuvier Road, Tobago Forest Reserve, Clement & Ryves 431 (BM). Global range: Endemic to Tobago.

Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 2: 494 (1891) Syn: Justicia nitidia Jacq. ; Thyrsacanthus nitidus Nees Habit View in CoL : Shrub. Habitat: Savannas. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. St. George-Castara Road, sine coll. (TRIN 13534). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 627 (BM); San Juan, Broadway s.n. (BM); Four Roads, Riley 214 (BM); San Fernando Hill, Broadway 6089 (BM); Pitch Lake, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles.

Odontonema tubaeforme (Bertol.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 2: 493 (1891) Exotic.

Pachystachys coccinea (Aubl.) Nees View in CoL , in DC. Prodr. 11: 319 (1847) Syn: Justicia coccinea Aubl. View in CoL ; Pachystachys riedeliana Nees Common Name View in CoL : Black Stick, Cobo Bone, Zocobo. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Along streams and in plantations. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot View in CoL ; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Santa Cruz, sine coll. (TRIN 6629); St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (BM); Loanga, Maracas Valley, Jermy 3188 (BM), Jermy 3189 (BM); Guanapo Heights, Adams 13355 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10350 (BM); Sans Souci, Philcox & Gillies 8277 (BM, K). Global range: Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Java.

Pachystachys lutea Nees, Prodr. 11: 320 (1847) Exotic.

Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz. & Pav.)Wassh., Proc. Biol. Soc. View in CoL Washington 99(1): 175(1986) Exotic

Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlk., Sitzb. Math. View in CoL -Phys. Cl. Akad. Wiss. München 13: 286 (1884) Exotic.

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin, Ann. Inst. Bot. View in CoL -Géol. Colon. Marseilles sér. 6, 5–6: 48 (1948) Syn: Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin var. atropurpureum (W.Bull) Fosberg Exotic. View in CoL

Ruellia fulgida Andrews, Bot. Repos. 8: t.527 (1808) Syn: Arrhostoxylum fulgidum (Andrews) Nees ; Arrhostoxylum fulgidum Nees var. angustissimum Hochr. ; Ruellia fulgida Andrews var. angustissima (Hochr.) Leonard ; Stemonacanthus fulgidus Griseb. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Shaded forest areas. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Near Speyside, Broadway 3876 (K); Mason Hall, Broadway 4399, (BM, K); Charlotteville, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11079); Castara-Parlatuvier Road, near Englishman’s Bay, Sandwith 1882 (K). TRINIDAD: Caparo, sine coll. (TRIN 7816); Mt. Tamana, Broadway 5603 (BM); Brigand Hill, sine coll. (TRIN 13629); Montserrat Hills, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2916). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Venezuela, Colombia.

Ruellia geminiflora Kunth var. angustifolia (Nees) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 451 (1861) Syn: Dipteracanthus angustifolius (Nees) Bremek. ; Dipteracanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolius Nees Habit : Herb. Habitat: Savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Piarco-Arima. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Britton

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

& Hazen s.n. (TRIN 11534), Broadway 7588 (BM);O’Meara Savanna, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2913), open savanna, Adams 13403 (TRIN). Global range: Venezuela, Colombia, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia.

Ruellia macrophylla Vahl, Symb. Bot. View in CoL 2: 72 (1791) Exotic.

Ruellia tuberosa View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 635 (1753) Common name: Minnie Root, Monkey Gun. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of waste ground; dry sandy or gravelly soil at low elevations, common in maritime localities. IUCN: LC. Star: GN . RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Nariva ; Princes Town; San Fernando; Chacachacare; Monos . RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : Scarborough , Feilden s.n. ( K), Broadway 2986 ( BM); near Mt. St. George, Clement & Ryves 187 ( BM). TRINIDAD : Woodbrook , Broadway s.n. ( BM); Tunapuna, Raynal 15707 ( K); Cunupia, Broadway s.n. ( K); Plum-Mitan Road, Philcox & Andrews 7742 ( K). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands , Greater Antilles , Virgin Islands , Lesser Antilles , United States (Florida) , Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela , Guianas , Peru .

Ruspolia hypocrateriformis (Vahl) Milne-Redh., Kew Bull. 1936: 269 View in CoL (1936) Exotic.

Ruspolia seticalyx (C.B.Clarke) Milne-Redh., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 270 View in CoL (1936) Syn: Pseuderanthemum seticalyx Stapf Exotic. View in CoL

Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. View in CoL 1: 7 (1798) Syn: Sanchezia nobilis Hook.f. Exotic. View in CoL

Schaueria flavicoma (Lindl.) N.E.Br., Gard. Chron. View in CoL 1: 14 (1883) Exotic.

Staurogyne trinitensis Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. View in CoL 27: 401 (1937) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, [Finlay s.n.] (NY, TRIN 2900). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Thunbergia alata Boj. ex Sims, Bot. Mag. View in CoL 52: t.2591 (1825) Syn: Thunbergia alata Boj. ex Sims var. alba Paxton View in CoL ; Thunbergia alata Boj. ex Sims var. albiflora Hooker Common Name View in CoL : Black-Eyed Susan. Exotic.

Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T.Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. View in CoL 7: 18 (1863) Exotic.

Thunbergia fragrans Roxb., Pl. Coromandel View in CoL 1: 47 (1796) Syn: Thunbergia volubilis Pers. Exotic. View in CoL

Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottler) Roxb., Bot. Regist. View in CoL 6: t. 495 (1820) Exotic.