Seira domestica ( Nicolet, 1842 )

Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, Arbea, Javier, Baquero, Enrique, Jordana, Rafael, Morais, José Wellington De & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2018, The survey of Seira Lubbock, 1870 (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Seirinae) from Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands, including three new species, Zootaxa 4458 (1), pp. 1-66 : 6-18

Seira domestica ( Nicolet, 1842)

Figs 2 A , 5‒9 , Tables 1‒2

Degeeria domestica Nicolet, 1842: 76 , pl.8, fig. 11 (orig. descr.), not examined. Nicolet, 1847: 370, Suisse and France (record). Seira domestica ; Lubbock, 1870: 279, London, England (comb. and descr.). Lubbock, 1873: 144, pl.21, fig.1 (descr.). Denis, 1938: 137, figs. 7‒10, Venice, Italy (descr. as Lepidocyrtinus gridellii ). Gisin & Gama, 1962: 789, figs 3 , 4A , 5A , 6‒7 , Geneva, Switzerland (descr.). Jacquemart, 1973: 6, fig. 3 , Petra, Jordan (chaetotaxy compared). Christiansen & Bellinger, 2000: 62, figs. 27A , 40 , United States (descr.).

Diagnosis. Body with pigments on Ant II‒IV ( Fig. 2 A ); head mac M 4i, S4, Pa4 and Pp6 absent, eyepatches with

4‒5 interocular chaetae (q eventually absent) ( Fig. 5D ); labral papillae conical, outer papilla slightly smaller ( Fig. 5F ); Th II with 4 medio-central mac (m1‒ 1i, m2‒ 2i) and PmA‒PmC groups with 5‒7 , 1‒3 and 8‒10 mac respectively ( Fig. 6 A ); Th III ‒ Abd III with 11‒15 , 6 , 5 and 1‒2 ( rarely a3 as mac) central mac, respectively ( Figs 6 B‒E ) ; Abd IV with 12 central and 18 lateral mac ( Fig. 7 A) ; males with one inner row of 5 mac finely ciliate on femur I and 6 proximal spine-like mac on tibiotarsus I ( Fig. 8E ); unguis apical tooth present; unguiculus outer edge serrated and with proximal tooth ( Fig. 8E ); manubrium ventrally with 2/4 subapical and 16 apical chaetae ( Fig. 9B ).

Examined material. 1 male and 1 female on slide ( sample 1979-369 / NHM): England, London, Hampstead Village (51°33'N, 00°10'W), indoors, 100 m approx., 11.x.1937, F.G. M.W. S . coll. 1 female on slide (sample 1979- 369/NHM): Spain, Navarra Province, Pamplona municipality, University of Navarra (42°48'13"N, 01°39'54"W), in laboratory benchtop, 435 m, 02.xi.1976, R . Jordana coll. 1 female on slide ( sample 20151001 a / MZNA) : University of Navarra (42°48'13"N, 01°39'54"W), in laboratory benchtop, 435 m, 30.ix.2015, E. Baquero coll . 1 male and 3 females on slide and 5 specimens in alcohol (EVA0051/INPA): Valencia Province, Devesa del Saler (39°16'08''N; 00°20'02''W) , under Pistacia L. ( Anacardiaceae ) in beach dunes, 6 m, 10.vi.2004, S. Montagud and team coll. 1 male and 2 females on slide (ESA0023/JIAP), Cantabria Province, El Astillero municipality, (43°20'58''N, 03°51'49''W), in collector's house, 20 m, 14.iv.2014, J.I . Arbea coll. 4 females on slide (ECS0008/JIAP): Castellón Province, Fanzara Municipality, Cova de la Mola (39°59'30''N, 00°25'23''W), 229 m, 17.vii.2005, pitfall- trap, A .

Sendra coll. 1 female on slide and 2 specimens in alcohol (EVA0010/INPA): Valencia Province, Titaguas municipality, La Rebollosa (39°49'30''N, 01°07'49''W), under Salvia officinalis L. ( Lamiaceae ), 720 m, 23.viii.1996, A.M. Monteagudo coll. 4 females and 1 juvenile on slides and 6 specimens in alcohol (CC/UFRN): Iran, Mazandaran Province, Sari city, Semeskandeh Wildlife Refuge (36°33'N, 53°09'L), 115 m, 04.xii.2015, pitfall-trap, M. Ghasemi coll. 1 specimens in alcohol (INPA), idem, except 07.vii.2016. 1 male on slide (SAM): Australia, New South Wales, Sidney (33°53'S, 151°12'L), living room of house of asthmatic, xi.1987, R. Baker coll. 1 female on slide (SAM): Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountain Laboratory (33°53'S, 151°12'L), in green house, ii.1995, P. Hart coll. 1 male on slide (FedUni): Victoria, Melbourne, Melbourne University, contaminant laboratory, 2013‒2014, R. Slatyer coll. 1 female on slide (SAM): Rutherglen (36°03'S, 146°27'L), wheatfield plot 52 4b, soil core, 31.v.1994, BL ML coll. 1 male on slide (SAM): South Australia, 10km S Robe, Little Dip Conservation Park (37°10'S, 139°48'L), Erringtons Hole, mobile sand dune, litter, 04.ii.1978, P.J.G. coll. 1 female on slide (SAM): Peterborough, Comet Bore (32°11'S, 139°22'L), 90 mile in desert, 252 m, heath litter, 10.x.1977, P.J.G. coll. 1 female on slide (SAM): Adelaide, Mitcham (34°59'S, 138°37'L), by porch light, 1.7 m high on wall, 06.ix.1978, Southcott coll.

Description based on the listed specimens. Total length ( head + trunk) 2.64‒3.79 mm; Th ratio as II: III = 1: 0.55‒0.78; Abd ratio as III: IV = 1: 3.2 8‒4.51 (n= 4). Specimens pale white with orange to bluish pigment on distal half of Ant II to apex of Ant IV; eyepatches black ( Fig. 2 A ). Scales present on Ant I to Ant IV basally, ventral and dorsal head, thorax and abdomen dorsally, legs (except empodia), anterior collophore and manubrium and dentes

ventrally.

Head. Antennae shorter than body length, antennal ratio as I: II : III: IV = 1: 1.6 3‒1.86: 1.67‒1.91: 2.28‒2.86 (n=4) ( Fig. 2 A ) . Ant IV weakly annulated, with simple apical bulb and blunt sens ( Fig. 5 A ) . Ant III apical organ with two rod-like sens, 3 guard sens, several blunt sens of different sizes and two spine-like sens ( Fig. 5B ). Clypeal formula with 4 (l1‒2), 4 (f), 3 (pf0‒1) ciliate chaetae, l1 acuminate, l2 largest ( Fig. 5C ). Four conical labral papillae, outer papillae slightly smaller ( Fig. 5D ). Maxillary palp with smooth apical appendage (a. a.) and basal chaeta (b.c.) weakly ciliated, thicker and 1.14 longer than the apical ( Fig. 5E ) . Eyes A and B larger, G smaller, with 4‒5 interocular chaetae (q, v, p, r, t), q rarely absent; head dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 5F ) with 10 ‘An’ mac (An 1, An 2‒3), 4 ‘A’ mac (A 0, A 2‒3, A 5), 3 ‘M’ mac (M1‒2, M4), 7 ‘S’ mac (S0‒3, S5‒6), 1 ‘Ps’ mac ( Ps 2), 4 ‘Pa’ mac ( Pa 1‒3, Pa 5), 2 ‘Pm’ mac ( Pm 1, Pm 3), 4 ‘Pp’ mac ( Pp 1‒3, Pp 5) , and 4 ‘Pe’ mac (Pe 2‒4 plus Pe 3p) . Basomedian and basolateral labial fields with M1‒2, R, E, L1‒2, R smaller. Postlabial ventral chaetotaxy with about 16 ciliate chaetae, postlabial formula 4 (G1‒4), 3 (H2‒4), 4 (J1‒4), basal chaeta (b.c.) largest ( Fig. 5G ).

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Figs 6 A ‒B ). Th II, series ‘a’ with 4 mac (a5ip‒5p) ; series ‘m’ with 6‒7 mac (m 1i ‒1, m 2i ‒2, m 4i ‒4p), m4p generally present; series ‘p’ with 15‒21 mac (p 1i 2p‒1p, p2a–2ep2, p 3i 3–p3p, p5), p 1i 2p, p1ip2, p2a, p2p, p2ea and p 3i 3 present or absent. Th III, series ‘a’ with 6‒7 mac (a1a‒6), a1a generally as mac; series ‘m’ with 1 mac (m6) ; series ‘p’ with 7‒10 mac (p 1i 2‒1p, p2a‒2ea, p3, p5‒6), p 1i 2 and p 1i generally absent, p2e rarely as mic.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 6 C‒E , 7 A ‒B) . Abd I, series ‘a’ with 1 mac (a3); series ‘m’ with 5 mac (m 2i ‒4). Abd II, series ‘a’ with 2 mac (a2–3); series ‘m’ with 4 mac (m3‒3e, m5). Abd III, series ‘a’ with a3 rarely as mac; series ‘m’ with 3 mac (m3, am6, pm6) ; series ‘p’ with 1 mac (p6). Abd IV with 12 central mac of series ‘A’ to ‘T’ (A 3a‒6, Ae 7, B3‒6, C1, T1) , and 18 lateral mac of series ‘E’ to ‘Fe’ (E2‒4p, Ee 7, Ee 10, F1‒3, Fe 2‒5); at least 5 sens (ps type I and 4 type II) , and posteriorly with 7 mes present. Abd V, series ‘a’ with 1 mac (a5); series ‘m’ with 4 mac (m2‒3, m5‒5e); series ‘p’ with 6 mac (p1, p3‒5, ap6‒6e).

Legs. Subcoxa I with 5 chaetae and 2 psp; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 11 chaetae and 1 anterior chaeta, posterior row of 4 chaetae, 1 anterior and 1 posterior chaetae and 5 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 10 chaetae and 2 posterior psp ( Figs 8 A ‒C ) . Trochanteral organ with about 20 spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 8D ). Unguis with median tooth larger, apical tooth smaller than basal teeth. Unguiculus with all lamellae acuminate, pe lamella serrated and with small proximal tooth, other lamellae (ai, ae, pi) smooth; ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.51 ( Fig. 8F ) . Tibiotarsus III distally with inner smooth chaeta 1.13 larger than unguiculus; and outer tenent hair capitate, discretely ciliate, and 0.80 smaller than unguis.

Leg I of males ( Fig. 8E ). Femur I with one inner row of 5 finely ciliate mac of different sizes, one robust spine- like chaeta, 6 small truncate chaetae, and one proximal chaetae ciliate and apically acuminate; outer side with 3 chaetae ciliate and apically acuminate. Tibiotarsus I armed with one inner row of 6 proximal spine-like mac finely ciliate and apically acuminate or rounded, followed by 8 thicker chaetae finely ciliate; outer side with one proximal chaeta ciliate and apically acuminate.

Collophore ( Fig. 9 A ) . Anterior side with 10 ciliate chaetae, including 1 distal mac and 1 acuminate long chaeta; posterior side with 8 ciliate chaetae, of which 1 distal thicker; lateral flap with 3 smooth chaetae (one smaller posteriorly) and 16 ciliate chaetae.

TABLE I. Overall morphological comparison among Seira species with known morphology from Western Palearctic region.

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TABLE I. (Continueđ)

Notes: (ret.) retractile; (B) basal teeth; (M) međian tooth; (A) apical tooth; (+) present; (+) absent; (?) unknown; (*) refers to chaeta size in relation to other chaetae of posterior row (M2, E, LI–2). Reference: (1) Nicolet 1842; (2)Lubbock 1870; (3) Parona 1888; (4) Reuter 1895; (5)Scherbakov 1898; (6)Carl 1899; (7)Hanđschin 1925a, (8)1925b; (9)Stach 1955; (10)Altner 1960; (11)Gisin & Gama 1962; (12) Gama 1964; (13)Ellis 1966; (14) Parisi 1969; (15)Loksa & Bogojević 1970; (16)Dallai & Ferrari 1971; (17)Dallai 1973; (18) Jacquemart 1973; (19) Jacquemart 1974; (20)Ellis 1976; (21) Rusek 1981; (22)Gers & Deharveng 1985; (23) Gama 1988a; (24) Jorđana & Arbea 1989; (25) Tosi & Parisi 1990; (26) Yoshii 1990; (27) Loksa 1990; (28)Christiansen & Bellinger 2000; (29)Gruia et al. 2000; (30)Barra 2004b; (31)Negri et al. 2005; (32)Barra 2010; (33) Zeppelini & Bellini 2006; (34) Winkler & Dányi 2017; (35)Present stuđy.

Notes: (*) rare conđition; (+) present; (+) absent; (?) unknown. Only central mac were consiđeređ on Th III to Abđ II. Reference: (1)Gisin & Gama 1962; (2) Gama 1964; (3)Ellis 1966; (4)Loksa & Bogojevic 1970; (5)Dallai & Ferrari 1971; (6)Dallai 1973; (7) Jacquemart 1973; (8) Jacquemart 1974; (9)Ellis 1976; (10) Rusek 1981; (11)Gers & Deharveng 1985; (12) Gama 1988a; (13) Jorđana & Arbea 1989; (14) Tosi & Parisi 1990; (15) Yoshii 1990; (16)Christiansen & Bellinger 2000; (17)Gruia et al. 2000; (18)Barra 2004b; (19)Negri et al. 2005; (20) Zeppelini & Bellini 2006; (21)Barra 2010; (22) Winkler & Dányi 2017; (23)Present stuđy.

Furcula ( Figs 9B‒C ). Manubrium ventrally with formula 1, 2, 2, 2/4 (subapical), 14 (apical) ciliate chaetae and approximately 9 elongated apical scales per side; manubrium dorsally with 7 subapical ciliate chaetae; manubrial plate with 6‒7 ciliate chaetae and 3 psp.

Remarks. Seira domestica resembles other species from the Western Palearctic region as S. atlantica Negri, Pellecchia & Fanciulli, 2005 , S. dagamae Dallai, 1973 , S. deserti Jacquemart, 1974 and S. graeca Ellis, 1966 by head mac M 4i, S4, Pa4 and Pp6 absent, Th II with 4 medio-central mac (m1‒ 1i, m2‒ 2i) and Abd I‒IV with 6, 5, 1 and 12 central mac, respectively ( Table 2). However, S. domestica differs from these species by Ant IV annulated (simple in S. atlantica and S. dagamae ), four conical labral papillae (two inner in S. atlantica ), basomedian labial field with chaeta R smaller than others (subequal than others in S. atlantica , S. deserti and S. graeca ), trochanteral organ with about 20 spine-like chaetae (more in S. atlantica and S. dagamae , less in S. deserti ), unguis with median teeth larger than basal (subequal in S. atlantica , S. deserti and S. graeca ), and unguiculus with outer lamella serrated (smooth in S. atlantica and S. dagamae ). In addition, S. domestica differs from these species in chaetotaxy of the Th II with 8‒10 mac in PmC group and Abd IV with 18 lateral mac, while in these other species such chaetotaxy is reduced (less than 6 mac in PmC group and 13 lateral mac in Abd IV). Pigments in S. domestica are restricted to the antennae, while in some species it may have a distinct pattern ( S. dagamae ), with pigments in legs and abdomen parts ( S. atlantica ), diffuse ( S. graeca ) or even depigmented, except for eyepatches ( S. deserti ). All comparisons among species are presented in Tables 1 and 2.

The type locality of S. domestica was not provided by Nicolet (1842) in the original description, but in 1847 the same author reported the presence of the species in Switzerland and France, inside houses. Nicolet lived in Switzerland, locality of many species of springtails described by him (as in Nicolet 1842, 1847). Consequently, it is

accepted today by deduction that the type locality of S. domestica is also Switzerland . The type material of the species is lost, since it was not found in any main Swiss collection as: Musée d'Histoire Naturelle Neuchâtel (J. Litman, personal communication) ; and Natural History Museum of Geneva (J. Schwendinger, personal communication) . Even so we could not analyze specimens from Switzerland, our description fits past descriptions of S. domestica dorsal chaetotaxy (excluding possible mistakes and omissions) , including Gisin & Gama (1962) which was based in specimens from Geneva, Switzerland . However, this typological limitation prevents at this moment to determine some variations in populations of S. domestica . Gisin & Gama (1962: 792, fig. 4 A ) reported the presence of mac m 4i on head of S. domestica , as well as Jacquemart (1973: 8, fig.4 ), in specimens from Jordan, but this chaeta is mic in all specimens analyzed here . Other variations observed in our specimens is PmA and PmC groups of the Th II, central mac of Th III, and one specimen ( from same locality) with mac a3 in Abd III ( Figs 6 A ‒B, E ) , but these may have been omitted, since these authors did not reveal variations in their descriptions.

Figures

FIGURE 2A–G. Seira spp., habitus: A, S. domestica; B, S. dinizi; C‒D, S. ferrarii: C, in natural habitat, courtesy of Francisco Rodríguez (http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insecta rium/Seira-ferrarii-img750580.html), D, in alcohol; E‒G, S. pini: E, paratype, F, specimen with pigmentation in legs from Monegros (Spain), G, specimen depigmented on Th II to Abd III and with one median spot on Abd IV from Monegros (Spain). Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 3A–E. Seira spp., habitus (lateral view, except A in dorsal): A‒B, in natural habitat, A, S. betica sp. nov., courtesy of André Burgers (http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectar ium/Seira-betica-img961392.html), B, S. burgersi sp. nov., courtesy of André Burgers (http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Seira-burgersi-img961393.html); C‒E, preserved in alcohol: C, S. barrai sp. nov., D, S. burgersi sp. nov., E, S. betica sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 4A–C. Characteristics present in description of Seira species: A, prelabral and labral chaetotaxy (dorsal view), arrow indicates m0 chaeta smaller in some species; B, labial palp and proximal chaetae (ventral view), “p.c.” is proximal chaetae, “l.p.” is lateral process of papilla E; C, distal dens and mucro (lateral view).

FIGURE 5A–G. Seira domestica: head; A, apex of Ant IV; B, Ant III apical organ; C, clypeal chaetotaxy; D, labral papillae; E, maxillary outer lobe; F, dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy (valid also for S. ferrari, except for interocular chaeta q); G, ventral head and basomedian and basolateral labial fields, arrows indicate normal ciliated chaetae and basal chaeta (b.c.), respectively.

FIGURE 6A–E. Seira domestica: dorsal chaetotaxy; A, Th II; B, Th III; C, Abd I; D, Abd II; E, Abd III.

FIGURE 8A–H. Seira domestica: A, subcoxa I; B, subcoxa II; C, subcoxa III; D, trochanteral organ; E, chaetotaxy of femur and tibiotarsus I of male (anterior view), arrows indicate mac finely ciliate, small truncate chaetae, robust spine-like chaeta (in femur) and two types of tibiotarsal spine-like chaetae finely ciliate apically rounded and acuminate; F, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 9A–C. Seira domestica: A, collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view); B, manubrium ventral chaetotaxy; C, manubrial plate and subapical chaetae (dorsal view).

FIGURE 11A–E. Seira dinizi: dorsal chaetotaxy; A, Th II; B, Th III; C, Abd I; D, Abd II; E, Abd III.

FIGURE 27A–E. Seira barrai sp. nov.: dorsal chaetotaxy; A, Th II; B, Th III; C, Abd I; D, Abd II; E, Abd III.

FIGURE 40A–H. Seira burgersi sp. nov.: A, subcoxa I; B, subcoxa II; C, subcoxa III; D, trochanter I chaetotaxy (inner side); E, trochanter I chaetotaxy (inner side); F, trochanteral organ; G, tibiotarsus II chaetotaxy (inner side), arrows indicate inner mac finely ciliate and apically acuminate and two types of outer ciliate chaetae, elongated and acuminate, respectively; H, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).