Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer)

Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W., 2024, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families, Zootaxa 5542 (1), pp. 1-202 : 40-42

Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer)

( Fig. 12 , Plate 1F , distribution map Fig. 88F )

Pulvinaria pistaciae Bodenheimer, 1926: 189 . Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer) ; Borchsenius 1952b: 300.

Field characteristics: Live adult female approximately circular, with a distinct, raised, short oval area showing transverse wrinkles. Colour light red-brown, but dark brown in the raised central area. Ovisac large (up to 4.9 mm long and 4.2 mm wide), elliptical, with a uniformly rough surface ( Bodenheimer 1926).

Microscopic diagnosis: Dorsum. Derm entirely membranous. Setae bluntly lanceolate to conical with a well-developed basal socket. Pores of 2 types: (i) a microduct, and (ii) a minute simple pore, present throughout. Preopercular pores absent.Tubular ducts of 1 type, each with a well-developed terminal gland, distributed throughout. Duct tubercles absent. Anal cleft fairly short. Anal plates together subquadrate, but with outer angles rounded and posterolateral margins convex; each plate with 3 apical or subapical setae, without any setae on inner margin. Anal ring bearing 8 setae.

Margin. Marginal setae bluntly spinose, sometimes slightly curved; with about 47 setae on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. In other countries, stigmatic areas each with 0‒2 stigmatic setae, each short and bluntly spinose to conical, but in Iranian specimens, anterior stigmatic areas each with 3 stigmatic setae, posterior stigmatic areas without stigmatic setae.

Venter. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 8‒10 loculi (8 in Iranian specimens), present in dense group around anogenital fold and across preceding 2 segments, and sparse mediolaterally on more anterior abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi, present in narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Tubular ducts of 3 types: (i) a duct with short, stout outer ductule and short, filamentous inner ductule, present in dense submarginal band that is broadest on either side of anal cleft; (ii) a larger duct, with a stout outer ductule and equally stout inner ductule and a moderate-sized terminal gland, present medially on head, thorax and more anterior abdominal segments but absent from more posterior segments; and (iii) a duct rather similar to type (ii) but narrower, with inner ductule markedly narrower and with a well-developed terminal gland, present medially on most posterior abdominal segments, and mediolaterally amongst types (i) and (ii). With 2 or 3 pairs of long and 1 or 2 pairs of short setae between antennal bases; also, 3 pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; other shorter setae scattered over median areas of thorax and abdomen; and with 2 rows of submarginal setae. Legs well developed; each leg with a tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory sclerosis; claws each without a denticle; claw digitules alike and broad; tarsal digitules slightly longer than claw digitules. Antennae each with 8 segments.

Distribution: Anapulvinaria pistaciae is known from 16 Palaearctic countries including Iran ( García Morales et al. 2016), where it is found in Hormozgan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Jounobi, Khorasan -e Razavi, Semnan, Sistan & Balouchestan and Yazd provinces ( Moghaddam 2013).

Host-plants: The scale has been recorded mostly on hosts in the plant family Anacardiaceae ( Pistacia spp. and Rhus coriaria ) but there are some records on Juglandaceae and Tamaricaceae ( García Morales et al. 2016) . In Iran, it has been found on Pistacia khinjuk , P. vera and Rhus coriaria ( Anacardiaceae ); Juglans regia ( Juglandaceae ); Prunus amygdalus (= Amygdalus communis ) (a new host record) ( Rosaceae ); and Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae ) ( Moghaddam 2013).

Economic importance: Anapulvinaria pistaciae is not of any economic importance in Iran.

Natural enemies: None recorded in Iran.

Comments: Hodgson (1994) recorded A. pistaciae as having multilocular disc-pores each with ten loculi; however, Iranian specimens show intraspecific variation in this character, having pores each with six, eight or ten loculi.

Figures

PLATE 1. Asterolecaniidae: A, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); B, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); Cerococcidae: C, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya); Coccidae: D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); H, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock.

FIGURE 12. Adult female of Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer).

FIGURE 88. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Acanthococcus aceris Signoret; B, Acanthococus costatus Danzig; C, Acanthococcus isacanthus Danzig; D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); H, Anophococcus cingulatus (Kiritchenko); I, Anophococcus insignis (Newstead); J, Anophococcus kondarensis (Borchsenius); K, Anophococcus sanguinairensis (Goux); L, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya).