Adeonellopsis subsulcata ( Smitt, 1873 )

Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Sanner, Joann & Vieira, Leandro M., 2015, Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species, Zootaxa 4013 (3), pp. 348-368 : 350-352

Adeonellopsis subsulcata ( Smitt, 1873)

( Figs 2–5 ; Table 1 )

Porina subsulcata Smitt, 1873: 28 , pl. 6, figs 136–140. [Florida]

Adeonella distoma var. imperforata Busk, 1884: 188 , pl. 20, fig. 4. [ Brazil]

Bracebridgia subsulcata: Osburn 1914: 199 . [ Tortugas Islands; Florida]

Bracebridgia subsulcata: Maturo 1968: 277 . [New England, United States]

Bracebridgia subsulcata: Canu & Bassler 1928b: 127 , pl. 23, figs 1–3, text-fig. 25. [Gulf of Mexico] Bracebridgia subsulcata: Osburn 1940: 446 . [ Puerto Rico]

Bracebridgia subsulcata: Cook 1973: 253 , pl. 2, figs 4–6. [Florida; Brazil]

Bracebridgia subsulcata: Lidgard 1996: 173 , figs 5a–d. [No locality]

Bracebridgia subsulcata: Winston 2005: 44 , figs 113–120. [W. of Tortugas; Gulf of Mexico] Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Cheetham et al. 2007: 79 , fig. 36. [Recent, Florida; Panama; Puerto Rico] Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Vieira et al. 2008: 24 . [ Brazil; checklist]

Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Sosa-Yañez et al. 2014: 30 , figs 2–3. [ Cuba]

Adeonellopsis subsulcata: Almeida et al. 2015: 4 . [ Brazil: Bahia; checklist]

Material examined. UFBA 271, UFBA 1000, Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 11°21’– 12°37’ S, 37°17’– 38°47’ W, 23– 28 m, coll. 2000–2002; UFBA 907, UFBA 910, Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil, coll. 1976 by A. Bittencourt; UFBA 911, Espírito Santo, Brazil, coll. by V. Testa; UFBA 912, Jauá, Bahia, Brazil, 12º51' S, 38º11' W, 33 m; UFBA 914, Camamu, Barra Grande, Bahia, Brazil, 13º36' S, 38º46' W, 50 m, coll. January 2004.

Description. Colony erect, dichotomous, bilaminar. Zooids claviform, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral margins in the interzooidal furrows. Frontal shield heavily calcified, granular, marginally punctured by one row of 15–25 areolar pores. Sometimes calcification leaves a pair of latero-oral nodules. Two distinct pores separated by suboral avicularium commonly placed at proximal margin of orifice. Peristome well developed, sometimes obscuring distal marginal pores, high-arched, becoming thicker with secondary calcification, the proximal rim indented by the frontal suboral avicularian rostrum. This avicularium proportionally large (0.095– 0.137 mm long), extending from spiramen to peristome, orientated distally or slightly obliquely, straight or weakly curving, the rostrum acute, elongate-triangular, delimited by a pair of minute condyles; opesial portion of avicularium smooth. Infrequent additional frontal avicularia borne proximally on margin, the chamber 0.107–0.132 mm long, 0.057–0.088 mm wide, of similar morphology to the suboral avicularium, directed proximally. Branch margins with vicarious to interzooidal avicularia, 0.244–0.388 mm long, 0.134–0.203 mm wide, having similar morphology to suboral and frontal avicularia. Spiramen single, depressed, semicircular, placed just proximal to suboral frontal avicularium, frequently obscured by frontal calcification. Gonozooids not recognized.

UFBA 271 Bahia, Brazil. 2 USNM 8567 Bahia, Brazil. 3 USNM 8570 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4 UFBA 1015 Bahia, Brazil. 5 UFBA 594 Bahia, Brazil. 6 UFBA 637 Bahia, Brazil. 7 UFBA 0 0 5 Bahia, Brazil.

Remarks. Although frequently placed in Bracebridgia MacGillivray, 1886 , the presence of a spiramen and adventitious avicularia and the absence of a lyrula in the primary orifice led Cheetham et al. (2007) to reassign Porina subsulcata Smitt, 1873 to Adeonellopsis . It is the only species of the genus recorded for the southwest Atlantic; it was first reported by Busk (1884) as a new species, Adeonella distoma var. imperforata , based on specimens from Alagoas State, NE Brazil.

Adeonellopsis subsulcata is characterized by the small spiramen that frequently becomes obscured by frontal calcification, and suboral, frontal and interzooidal avicularia of similar morphology. Some specimens of A. subsulcata here analyzed lack adventitious frontal avicularia (UFBA 271; UFBA 1000) but, as noted by Cheetham et al. (2007), this type of avicularium may be present on scattered groups of autozooids, being frequently absent from autozooids at the growing edge (see Cheetham et al. 2007, figure 36.1).

Distribution. Atlantic: North Carolina to Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia and Espírito Santo); sublittoral.

Figures

FIGURES 2 – 5. Adeonellopsis subsulcata: 2, part of erect colony at bifurcation; 3, close-up of autozooids showing orifice, suboral avicularium and spiramen (mostly occluded) (Figs 2, 3, UFBA 271, Bahia State, Brazil). 4, autozooids showing orifice, suboral avicularium and interzooidal avicularia; 5, edge view of branch showing interzooidal and frontal avicularia (Figs 4, 5, UFBA 914, Bahia State, Brazil). Scale bars: 1, 4 = 500 µm; 3 = 200 µm; 5 = 100 µm.

Tables

TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Adeonidae species studied (in mm).

Lz (N)	A. subsulcata Bahia1 15	R. bipartita Bahia2 15	R. costulata Rio de Janeiro3 15	R. aspera n. sp. Bahia4 25	R. brasiliensis n. sp. Bahia5 25	R. cucullata n. sp. Bahia6 25	R. leilae n. sp. Bahia7 25
Mean (SD) Range lz (N)	0.489 (0.053) 0.441–0.642 15	0.551 (0.034) 0.479–0.594 15	0.572 (0.052) 0.499–0.672 15	0.445 (0.047) 0.336–0.523 25	0.482 (0.043) 0.349–0.564 25	0.568 (0.055) 0.451–0.715 25	0.496 (0.032) 0.430–0.551 25
Mean (SD) Range Dp (N)	0.224 (0.023) 0.190–0.254 15	0.384 (0.031) 0.346–0.454 15	0.298 (0.034) 0.257–0.377 15	0.260 (0.025) 0.212–0.311 25	0.283 (0.035) 0.233–0.344 25	0.339 (0.032) 0.284–0.406 25	0.275 (0.029) 0.215–0.346 25
Mean (SD) Range	0.011 (0.003) 0.006–0.018	0.014 (0.004) 0.008–0.026	0.019 (0.005) 0.011–0.032	0.009 (0.002) 0.005–0.013	0.024 (0.005) 0.010–0.030	0.014 (0.005) 0.010–0.029	0.010 (0.002) 0.006–0.015
Lo (N) Mean (SD)	15 0.091 (0.009)	15 0.087 (0.010)	15 0.091 (0.005)	25 0.064 (0.008)	25 0.072 (0.006)	25 0.084 (0.015)	25 0.069 (0.018)
Range lo (N)	0.075–0.110 15	0.062–0.100 15	0.081–0.100 15	0.044–0.075 25	0.060–0.088 25	0.054–0.110 25	0.047–0.099 25
Mean (SD) Range Lavs (N)	0.099 (0.006) 0.092–0.117 15	0.112 (0.008) 0.092–0.123 15	0.103 (0.007) 0.093–0.120 15	0.098 (0.010) 0.079–0.117 25	0.103 (0.005) 0.088–0.111 25	0.119 (0.016) 0.087–0.150 25	0.104 (0.020) 0.083–0.148 -
Mean (SD) Range lavs (N)	0.121 (0.011) 0.095–0.137 15	0.199 (0.013) 0.177–0.221 15	0.205 (0.013) 0.180–0.224 15	0.089 (0.011) 0.078–0.117 25	0.061 (0.008) 0.045–0.079 25	0.176 (0.029) 0.107–0.226 25	- - -
Mean (SD) Range	0.069 (0.006) 0.056–0.081	0.087 (0.005) 0.077–0.099	0.074 (0.011) 0.052–0.089	0.050 (0.007) 0.039–0.065	0.042 (0.004) 0.033–0.052	0.078 (0.011) 0.046–0.095	- -
Lgz (N) Mean (SD)	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	6 0.534 (0.041)
Range lgz (N)	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	0.480–0.585 6
Mean (SD) Range Logz (N)	- - -	- - -	- - -	- - -	- - -	- - -	0.293 (0.032) 0.250–0.332 6
Mean (SD) Range	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	0.152 (0.041) 0.118–0.220
logz (N) Mean (SD)	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	6 0.187 (0.032)
Range	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.141–0.229