Bocchinae Richards, 1939

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 260

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4630.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8D375836-CCBA-473C-836F-6ABD44B4F881
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treatment provided by	Plazi (2019-07-15 01:12:30, last updated 2019-09-13 12:10:21)
scientific name	Bocchinae Richards, 1939
status

Treatment

IV. Subfamily Bocchinae Richards, 1939

Bocchini Richards 1939: 189; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1039; Nagy 1967: 334.

Bocchinae Olmi 1984: 599 ; 1993a: 193; 1993c: 46; 1995b: 502; 1999: 152; Olmi & Bechly 2001: 41; He & Xu 2002: 237; Olmi & Virla 2006: 408; Virla & Olmi 2008: 370; Xu et al. 2013: 223; Olmi & Virla 2014: 206; Olmi & Xu 2015: 116; Olmi et al. 2016: 71.

Type genus. Bocchus Ashmead 1893 , designated by Olmi (1984).

Diagnosis. ♀ ( Figs 100A, B View FIGURE 100 ): fully winged ( Figs 100A, B View FIGURE 100 ); occasionally brachypterous or micropterous or apterous; occipital carina complete; ocelli present; mandible with one, two, three or four teeth ( Figs 8A, B, C, D View FIGURE 8 ); quadridentate mandible usually with three large teeth and one rudimentary tooth between two posterior teeth ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ); rarely quadridentate mandible with teeth becoming regularly progressively larger from dorsal to ventral tooth (as in Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ); palpal formula 6/3; antenna without tufts of long setae and without ADOs; pronotal tubercle present; epicnemium not visible, because lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura (as in Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ); forewing of fully winged specimens with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) ( Figs 100A, B View FIGURE 100 ); forewing with 2r-rs&Rs vein ( Figs 100A, B View FIGURE 100 ); rarely 2r-rs&Rs vein absent; pterostigma of fully winged specimens present ( Fig. 100B View FIGURE 100 ), often very reduced ( Fig. 100A View FIGURE 100 ); protarsus chelate ( Figs 100A, B View FIGURE 100 ); chela with rudimentary claw ( Fig. 101A View FIGURE 101 ); protrochanter short and slightly longer than broad; tibial spurs 1/1/1, or 1/1/2. ♂ ( Figs 100C, D View FIGURE 100 ): fully winged ( Figs 100C, D View FIGURE 100 ), rarely micropterous ( Fig. 107E View FIGURE 107 ) or apterous ( Mystrophorus apterus Ponomarenko , not present in the Afrotropical region); occipital carina complete; mandible with one, two, three or four teeth ( Figs 8A, B, C, D View FIGURE 8 ); quadridentate mandible usually with three large teeth and one rudimentary tooth between two posterior teeth ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ); palpal formula 6/3; epicnemium invisible, because lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ); in fully winged specimens forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) ( Figs 100C, D View FIGURE 100 ); in fully winged specimens forewing with 2r-rs&Rs vein ( Figs 100C, D View FIGURE 100 ); pterostigma present ( Figs 100C, D View FIGURE 100 ); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Caliscelidae , Tropiduchidae , Cicadellidae (except Idiocerinae , Macropsinae and Typhlocybinae ) ( Guglielmino et al. 2013).

World species. 112 species are known, 33 in the Afrotropical region.

World genera. Three genera are known, one in the Afrotropical region.

Remarks. The following genera have not been recorded from the Afrotropical region: Mystrophorus Förster 1856 (Western Palaearctic) and Mirodryinus Ponomarenko 1972 (Western Palaearctic). Larvae of Mystrophorus were described by Guglielmino & Bückle (2010).

References

Ashmead, W. H. (1893) Monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1

Forster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologischer Studien, 2. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp.

Guglielmino, A. & Buckle, C. (2010) Description of larval instars of Mystrophorus formicaeformis Ruthe (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Zootaxa, 2602 (1), 57 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2602.1.3

Guglielmino, A., Olmi, M. & Buckle, C. (2013) An updated host-parasite catalogue of world Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3740 (1), 1 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3740.1.1

He, J. & Xu, Z. (2002) Hymenoptera Dryinidae. Fauna Sinica. Vol. 29. Science Press, Beijing, 464 pp.

Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M. (1951) Family Dryinidae. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. Agriculture Monograph 2. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 1034 - 1043.

Nagy, C. (1967) Contribution l'etude de la fam. Dryinidae (Hym.) dans la faune de la Roumanie. Travaux du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Grigore Antipa, 7, 331 - 337.

Olmi, M. (1984) A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 37, I-XII + 1 - 1913.

Olmi, M. (1993 a) Dryinidae di Costa Rica: catalogo e considerazioni biogeografiche ed evolutive (Hym. Chrysidoidea). Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana, Genova, 124, 186 - 200.

Olmi, M. (1993 c [ 1992 ]) Descriptions of new taxa of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Frustula entomologica, New Series, 15, 19 - 62.

Olmi, M. (1995 b) Dryinidae. In: Hanson, P. E. & Gauld, I. D. (Eds.), The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 493 - 503.

Olmi, M. (1999) Hymenoptera Dryinidae-Embolemidae. Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 37. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 425 pp.

Olmi, M. & Bechly, G. (2001) New parasitic wasps from Baltic amber (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B, Nr. 306, 1 - 58.

Olmi, M. & Virla, E. G. (2006) Familia Dryinidae. In: Fernandez, F. & Sharkey, M. J. (Eds.), Introduccion a los Hymenoptera de la Region Neotropical. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia y Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D. C., pp. 401 - 418.

Olmi, M. & Virla, E. G. (2014) Dryinidae of the Neotropical region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3792, 1 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3792.1.1

Olmi, M. & Xu, Z. (2015) Dryinidae of the Eastern Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3996 (1), 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3996.1.1

Olmi, M., van Noort, S. & Guglielmino, A. (2016) Contribution to the knowledge of Afrotropical Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera), with description of new species from Central African Republic and Uganda. ZooKeys, 578, 45 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 578.7820

Ponomarenko, N. G. (1972) [On the fauna of dryinids (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) of the Mongolian People's Republic]. [Insects of Mongolia], 1, 673 - 680. [in Russian]

Richards, O. W. (1939) The British Bethylidae (s. l.) (Hymenoptera). The Transactions of the Royal entomological Society of London, 89, 185 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1939. tb 00740. x

Virla, E. G. & Olmi, M. (2008) Dryinidae. In: Claps, L. E., Debandi, G. & Roig-Junent, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Artropodos Argentinos. Vol. 2. Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, Mendoza, pp. 357 - 372.

Xu, Z., Olmi, M. & He, J. (2013) Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3614 (1), 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1

Figures

FIGURE 6. A: antennal ADOs of Gonatopus sp. ♀. B: quadridentate mandible of Anteon sp. C: occiput of Gonatopus sp. ♂. D: micropterous ♀ of Deinodryinus sp. E: apterous ♀ of Gonatopus sp. a: propodeal declivity; c: mesoscutellum; m: metanotum; p: metapectal-propodeal disc; r: pronotum; s: mesoscutum.

FIGURE 7. A, B: chelae. C, D: mesosoma of Bocchinae (C) and Dryininae (D) ♂♂ in lateral view. a: arolium; e: enlarged claw; m: mesopleuron; p: pronotum; r: rudimentary claw; s: protarsomere 5; t: tegula; z: epicnemium. E: forewing of fictitious specimen (C: costal cell; cv: costal vein; Pt: pterostigma; R: radial cell; 1Cu: first cubital cell; 2Cu: second cubital cell; 2R1: second radial 1 cell; 2r-rs&Rs: second radial cross & radial sector vein; PostabR1: poststigmal abscissa of Radial1 vein).

FIGURE 8. A: tridentate mandible progressing larger from anterior one to posterior. B: quadridentate mandible, with intermediate rudimentary tooth (i). C: unidentate mandible. D: tridentate mandible, with intermediate rudimentary tooth. E: ♂ genitalia of Gonatopus sp.. F: ♂ genitalia of Dryinus sp. G: hypopygium umbrella-shaped. H: hypopygium not umbrella-shaped. b: basivolsella; d: distivolsella; k: dorsal process of paramere; o: paramere; p: penis.

FIGURE 100. Habitus of Bocchus species. ♀ in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view. ♂ in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) view. Scale bar: A: 3.24 mm; B: 1.88 mm; C: 1.55 mm; D: 2.64 mm.

FIGURE 101. Chelae of Bocchus species.A: B. bini Olmi, ♀ from Nigeria, Ibadan; B: B. botswanensis Olmi, ♀ from Botswa- na, Serowe; C: B. brooksi Olmi, holotype; D: B. hyalinus Olmi, holotype; E: B. kirkspriggsi Olmi, holotype; F: B. kogelbergensis Olmi, holotype. Scale bar: A, F: 0.08 mm; B, C: 0.09 mm; D: 0.07 mm; E: 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 107. Habitus of Bocchus species. A–C: B. kibalensis Olmi, van Noort & Guglielmino, ♂ holotype. D–F: B. kogelbergensis Olmi, ♀ from South Africa, Walker Bay. Scale bar: D: 1.48 mm.