Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus

Caorsi, Valentina, Bordignon, Debora Wolff, Márquez, Rafael & Martins, Márcio Borges-, 2020, Advertisement call of two threatened red-bellied-toads Melanophryniscus cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus (Anura: Bufonidae), from the Atlantic Rainforest, southern Brazil, Zootaxa 4894 (2), pp. 206-220 : 211

Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus

We recorded M. macrogranulosus in September 21 and 22 of 2013 in Morro da Gruta , type locality of the species, municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara (29°24’21.16”S, 49°51’1.48”W / 31m asl ; distant 52Km from FLONA SFP) and in June 21 and September 22 of 2013 in Garapiá , Barra do Ouro (29°30’33”S, 50°14’45”W / 200m asl ; distant 17Km from FLONA SFP and 39Km from Morro da Gruta), municipality of Maquiné (see Caorsi et al. 2014). This last locality was discovered many years after the description of both species ( Escobar et al. 2004) and was only designated as M. macrogranulosus based on the locality where it was found and not due to any characteristic that differentiates it from M. cambaraensis .

The advertisement call of Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus from Garapiá is composed of two segments of total duration of 21.3 seconds (SD = 5.8) ( Figure 3C ). Part A is a series of 5–14.3 notes of one pulse (Mean = 6.5; SD = 4.23), each lasting on average 0.03 sec (SD = 0.04) and separated by long time intervals ranging from 0.31–0.53 seconds (Mean = 0.34; SD = 0.08). It is followed by part B, a long train of unmodulated pulses lasting from 10.3–23.5 sec (Mean= 18.6; SD = 4.9), emitted at a rate of 35.3 pulses per second (SD = 1.05), with short time intervals. The call presented a similar peak frequency in both segments being in average 2.4 kHz (SD = 0.3). The population from Morro da Gruta, which is the type locality, also shows a call composed of two segments A and B, with a total duration of 17.4 sec on average (SD = 1.9) ( Figure 3D ). Part A is also a series of notes (Mean = 4; SD = 1.5) composed of one pulse, each lasting on average 0.023 sec (SD = 0.09) and separated by long time intervals ranging from 0.28–0.53 seconds (Mean = 0.35; SD = 0.09). It is followed by part B, a long train of unmodulated pulses lasting from 13.3–16.4sec (Mean= 14.8; SD = 1.13), emitted at a rate of 34.9 pulses per second (SD = 1.63), with short time intervals. The call presented a similar peak frequency in both segments being on average 2.3 kHz (SD = 0.16). Values separated by population are shown in Table 1 and by species in Table 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Oscillogram and spectrogram of Melanophryniscus cambaraensis call from FLONA SFP (A - FZ 9093) and a close view of the call (B); and a close view of the call of M. macrogranulosus from Garapiá (C – FZ9102) and from Morro da Gruta (D – FZ 9113). In each figure we show call part A (single pulses) and B (pulsed trill) of the call.