Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus

Caorsi, Valentina, Bordignon, Debora Wolff, Márquez, Rafael & Martins, Márcio Borges-, 2020, Advertisement call of two threatened red-bellied-toads Melanophryniscus cambaraensis and M. macrogranulosus (Anura: Bufonidae), from the Atlantic Rainforest, southern Brazil, Zootaxa 4894 (2), pp. 206-220 : 211

Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus

The advertisement call of Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus from Garapiá is composed of two segments of total duration of 21.3 seconds (SD = 5.8) ( Figure 3C ). Part A is a series of 5–14.3 notes of one pulse (Mean = 6.5; SD = 4.23), each lasting on average 0.03 sec (SD = 0.04) and separated by long time intervals ranging from 0.31–0.53 seconds (Mean = 0.34; SD = 0.08). It is followed by part B, a long train of unmodulated pulses lasting from 10.3–23.5 sec (Mean= 18.6; SD = 4.9), emitted at a rate of 35.3 pulses per second (SD = 1.05), with short time intervals. The call presented a similar peak frequency in both segments being in average 2.4 kHz (SD = 0.3). The population from Morro da Gruta, which is the type locality, also shows a call composed of two segments A and B, with a total duration of 17.4 sec on average (SD = 1.9) ( Figure 3D ). Part A is also a series of notes (Mean = 4; SD = 1.5) composed of one pulse, each lasting on average 0.023 sec (SD = 0.09) and separated by long time intervals ranging from 0.28–0.53 seconds (Mean = 0.35; SD = 0.09). It is followed by part B, a long train of unmodulated pulses lasting from 13.3–16.4sec (Mean= 14.8; SD = 1.13), emitted at a rate of 34.9 pulses per second (SD = 1.63), with short time intervals. The call presented a similar peak frequency in both segments being on average 2.3 kHz (SD = 0.16). Values separated by population are shown in Table 1 and by species in Table 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Oscillogram and spectrogram of Melanophryniscus cambaraensis call from FLONA SFP (A - FZ 9093) and a close view of the call (B); and a close view of the call of M. macrogranulosus from Garapiá (C – FZ9102) and from Morro da Gruta (D – FZ 9113). In each figure we show call part A (single pulses) and B (pulsed trill) of the call.