Heilipus vividaensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas, 2024

Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A., Leivas, Fernando W. T., Díaz-Grisales, Valentina, Anzaldo, Salvatore, Rosado-Neto, Germano H., Lampert, Silvana, Maggio, Daniela H., Corrêa, Alberto S. & Savaris, Marcoandre, 2024, Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801), Zootaxa 5463 (1), pp. 63-83 : 73-79

Heilipus vividaensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas , sp. nov.

http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:69D4781B-5CD5-47E3-8720-D184C7450DF3

Figs. 24–43 , 44

Diagnosis. This species differs from most of the congeneric species by: the less elongate body; the pronotum being wider than long (0.77–0.86 times as long as wide); the elytra being 1.30–1.50 times as long as wide ( Figs. 24, 25 ); the lateral stripe of closely arranged brownish scales bordered by whitish scales along each side of the pronotum ( Figs. 28, 29 ); the C-shaped lateral stripe of closely arranged brownish scales bordered by whitish scales extending along the anterior three fourths of the elytral length ( Figs. 24, 25 ); an irregularly bordered round patch of brownish scales bordered by whitish scales enclosing the prominent declivital callus ( Figs. 26, 27 ); and the elytral patches not being connected in most specimens. This species resembles H. draco , H. odoratus and H. parvulus in having a similar scale pattern, namely, a pronotal lateral stripe, a C-shaped elytral stripe and a round declivital patch. From H. draco it differs by: the longer (2.35–3.20 mm long, 1.34–1.76 times as long as the pronotum) and more curved rostrum ( Figs. 28, 29 ) (shorter and almost straight in H. draco ); the stronger depression in the posterior third of the pronotal disc (shallower depression in H. draco ); the body scales being sparser and slightly longer (somewhat denser and shorter body scales in H. draco ); the pronotal and elytral patches ( Fig. 26 ) being more slender with sparser brownish scales (wider patches with more closely arranged whitish or yellowish scales in H. draco ); the abdominal ventrites being more convex (slightly less convex in H. draco ); the penis body ( Fig. 36 ) slightly narrowing toward the apex, with very weak preapical constriction and a wider apex (narrowing from basal third toward apex with stronger preapical constriction and narrower apex in H. draco ); the more slender gonocoxites ( Fig. 42 ) (wider in H. draco ); and the smaller apical distance between the two arms of female sternite VIII ( Fig. 43 ) (wider distance in H. draco ). From H. odoratus it can be distinguished by: the longer and more curved rostrum (shorter and less curved in H. odoratus ); the pronotum being wider than long (almost as long as wide in H. odoratus ); the penis body being more slender, less arcuate in lateral view ( Fig. 38 ), with a faint preapical constriction and slightly narrower apex ( Fig. 36 ) (penis body wider at basal half, more arcuate, with stronger preapical constriction and wider apex in H. odoratus ). From H. parvulus it differs by: the longer and more curved rostrum (shorter and weakly curved in H. parvulus ); the pronotum being wider with a less convex disc (slender and more convex in H. parvulus ); the C-shaped elytral stripe and declivital patch with more densely arranged brownish scales, never with yellowish and whitish scales mixed (less closely arranged mostly pale yellow scales, sometimes mottled whitish and yellowish scales in H. parvulus ); the protibial uncus being longer than meso- and metatibial uncus (almost the same size in H. parvulus ).

Description. Body 6.2–6.9 mm long in males, and 6.3–6.9 mm long in females; integument slightly rugose and shining, from reddish-brown to dark brown; sparsely covered with short pale-brown or yellowish scales; with closely arranged oval-shaped brownish scales bordered with whitish scales delimiting a stripe along each side of the pronotum; a lateral C-shaped stripe of brownish scales bordered with whitish scales extending along three fourths of elytra length; and an irregular round brownish patch bordered with whitish scales enclosing the prominent declivital callus ( Figs. 24–27 ). Head. Integument reddish-brown to dark brown; sparsely covered with yellowish scales; vertex with shallow small punctures; distance between eyes 0.46–0.60 times the width of the rostrum at base in frontal view. Rostrum. In males, 2.35–2.81 mm long, 1.34–1.76 times as long as the pronotum ( Fig. 28 ), and in females 2.80–3.20 mm long, 1.47–1.74 times as long as the pronotum ( Fig. 29 ); subcylindrical, slender and curved; with more pronounced curvature on apical half; with lateral constriction after antennal insertion and gradually widening toward apex; apex slightly wider. Female rostrum more slender and longer than male, with more pronounced lateral constriction after antennal insertion ( Fig. 29 ). Integument reddish to light brown with sparse fine punctures; basal third slightly rugose, covered with pale scales; smooth and almost glabrous after antennal insertion ( Figs. 28, 29 ). Antenna inserted near the middle of rostrum in females ( Fig. 29 ), and at three fifths of rostral length in males ( Fig. 28 ); scape reddish-brown, almost half the rostrum length in females, and almost two thirds of rostral length in males, 2–3 times as long as segment I; segment II 0.5–0.6 times as long as I; segment III 0.6 times as long as II; segments IV to VI subequal and slightly shorter in length than the III; segment VII slightly longer and wider than VI; club elongate oval, twice as long as wide, almost twice the length of segment I. Prothorax. Pronotum 0.77–0.83 times as long as wide in males, 0.80–0.86 times as long as wide in females; sides round near the middle, subparallel posteriorly; slightly wider near middle; anteriorly weakly constricted, with anterior margin round; posterior margin elevated and strongly bisinuate with sides angulate; disc very weakly arcuate or almost flat at anterior half, posterior third strongly depressed before the margin; with faint carina along midline ( Figs. 24–25 ). Integument reddish-brown to dark brown, with shallow and broad punctures; sparsely covered with pale-brown or yellowish scales; smooth and glabrous along midline; lateral stripe covered with dense oval-shaped brownish scales bordered by whitish scales widening from the anterior toward the posterior margin. Ventrally, the anterior margin of pronotum surrounded by a row of yellowish setae. Mesothorax. Scutellum short; subtriangular; covered with whitish or pale scales. Elytra 1.30–1.50 times as long as wide, 1.40–1.70 times wider and 2.50–3.10 times longer than the prothorax in males, in females 1.30 times as long as wide, 1.40–1.50 times wider and 2.30–2.50 times longer than the prothorax; sides subparallel along anterior three fourths, slightly wider at middle; humeral calli rounded; anteriorly, with a weak depression behind the scutellum on each side of the elytral suture; striae with shallow punctures; interstriae weakly arcuate, slightly wider than the striae. Integument reddish-brown to dark brown; sparsely covered with pale-brown or yellowish scales, some of which more closely grouped; laterally with a C-shaped stripe of dense oval-shaped brownish scales extending toward three fourths of elytral length, with irregular inner and outer margins bordered by whitish or pale scales ( Fig. 26 ); declivital callus prominent, covered with sparse yellowish scales, surrounded by an irregular patch of oval-shaped brownish scales bordered by whitish or pale scales ( Fig. 27 ); declivital patches almost meeting at the elytral suture. Lateral and declivital elytral patches rarely connected. Ventrally, subapical elytral surface of males with a patch of parallel ridges perpendicular to the suture ( Figs. 30, 31 ), in females integument rugose without ridges ( Figs. 32, 33 ). Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and mesoventrite same color as elytra; sparsely covered with short oval-shaped pale or yellowish scales. Metathorax. Metaventrite convex, with a strong depression or depressed point near the posterior margin. Metanepisternum and metaventrite the same color as elytra; sparsely covered with whitish or pale scales; scales slightly denser on sides and between pro and mesocoxae. Legs. Femoral integument reddish-brown on basal third and dorsally, darker in the enlarged subapical region; sparsely covered with pale scales. Tibiae reddish-brown, lighter than femora; sparsely covered with pale scales, more slender than femoral scales; tibial apex with two clusters of long setiform scales immediately under the uncus; uncus slightly longer on protibia. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrite I almost flat medially; slightly depressed posteromedially in males, and almost flat in females; ventrites II to V slightly convex; ventrite I wider than II; ventrite III and IV equal in width but half the width of II; ventrite V slightly wider than the IV; posterior margin of ventrite V convex. Integument reddish-brown to dark brown; sparsely covered with slender whitish or pale scales. Male terminalia. Tergite VIII subquadrate, 1.4 times wider than long; apex convex with round sides; laterally slightly acuate or almost straight; with lateral margins more strongly emarginate near the middle; basally with a subquadrate projection on each side; dorsally covered with short setae, glabrous at basal third ( Figs. 34, 35 ). Sternite VIII with two triangular glabrous plates, both almost as long as wide ( Fig. 34 ). Sternite IX emarginate with two inverted lobes at base; slender apical lobes; slender and curved spiculum gastrale ( Fig. 34 ). Penis body about 4 times as long as wide, 1.3 times longer than the penis apodeme; wider at basal third; sides slightly narrowing toward apex; with very weak preapical constriction; slightly round or almost flat apical margin ( Figs. 36, 37 ); penis body arcuate in lateral view; acuminate apically ( Fig. 38 ). Tegmen parameroid lobes approximate at base and parallel; longer than tegminal apodeme; almost half the penis body length; tegminal apodeme short, curved and enlarged at anterior end ( Fig. 39 ). Female terminalia. Tergite VIII subtrapezoid; almost twice wider than long; wider at base; lateral margins weakly emarginate at basal fifth; convex at apex; dorsally covered with fine setae on apical third; ventrally with setae just on apical margin ( Fig. 42 ); weakly sclerotized at basal three fourths. Sternite VIII sclerotized, Y-shaped, with large apically expanded glabrous arms twice longer than the spiculum ventrale; spiculum ventrale expanded and bisinuous at base ( Fig. 43 ). Gonocoxite elongate, about four times longer than wide; glabrous and weakly sclerotized; styli cylindrical, short, almost as long as wide, with few small setae on apex ( Fig. 42 ). Bursa copulatrix elongate, membranous; three times longer than wide; anteriorly expanded; with common oviduct inserted near the middle; spermathecal duct inserted anteriorly ( Fig. 40 ). Well-sclerotized C-shaped spermatheca; ramus slightly longer than wide, positioned just after the basal third; spermathecal gland membranous, oval, 1.4 times the length of the spermatheca ( Fig. 41 ).

External sexual dimorphism. Rostrum of female longer and slightly more slender than the male, with both the curvature and the lateral constriction after antennal insertion more pronounced ( Figs. 28, 29 ). Median depression of metaventrite and ventrite I deeper in male. Ventrally, the apical elytral surface with a patch of parallel ridges perpendicular to the suture in male ( Fig. 31 ), rugose and without ridges in female ( Fig. 33 ). This last characteristic may be associated with the presence of the stridulatory apparatus in males, similar to that observed in H. odoratus and H. gibbus ( Nunes et al. 2009; Vanin & Bená 2015).

Distribution. Brazil: Santa Catarina (Seara, District of Nova Teutônia and Rio Vermelho), Paraná (Coronel Vivida, Caviúna (currently municipality of Rolândia), Curitiba, Colombo, Foz do Iguaçu), São Paulo (Guapiara) and Bahia (no municipality data); Argentina: Misiones (Santa Maria) ( Fig. 44 ). This species can potentially occur along the distribution of the hosts Ocotea puberula and Nectandra angustifolia .

Biology. This species was reared from fruits of O. puberula and N. angustifolia ( Lauraceae ). Between February and April of 2020 adult weevils emerged from the fruits of O. puberula (17♂ and 4♀) sampled at Coronel Vivida, state of Paraná. In March and April of 2022 adults were obtained from the fruits of N. angustifolia (1♂ and 1♀) sampled in February of 2022 at Guapiara, state of São Paulo. Even though H. draco was almost five times more frequent than H. vividaensis on fruits of O. puberula from Paraná, both species were reared from the fruits collected in the same plant at Coronel Vivida, and also from the same plant of N. angustifolia in Guapiara.

Type data. The holotype male is labeled “ BRAZIL: Paraná: Coronel Vivida, Flor da Serra, BR 373, km 478, 3 Jan 2020, 25°59'23.7"S 52°33'19.1"W, 793 m, reared from fruits of Ocotea puberula, M. Savaris, S. Lampert ” / “HOLOTYPE ♂ Heilipus vividaensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas ” [red] / “ESALQENT001731” [paper label]. The holotype is double mounted (minuten), in excellent condition, and is deposited in the MELQ. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 8♂ 4♀ ( MELQ ESALQENT001732–43 ), 4♂ ( CESP), 2♂ ( MZUSP); São Paulo: Guapiara, Sítio São José , Feb 2022, 24°11'49.0"S 48°32'46.0"W, 730 m, reared from fruits of Nectandra angustifolia, P.A.S. Veiga col., 1♂ ( MELQ ESALQENT001744 ) .

Other specimens examined. BRAZIL. Bahia: G. Bondar leg., Bondar 4318, Gregorio Bondar Collection David Rockefeller Donor, 2♀ ( AMNH) . Paraná: Caviúna [currently municipality of Rolândia], I 1946, A. Maller, Coll. Frank Johnson Donor, 1♀ ( AMNH) , same IX 1947, 1♂ ( AMNH) ; Curitiba, Rua Augusto Stresser 401, Jan 2024, 25°25'01"S 49°15'28"W, 913 m, G. Vieira (leg.) ( CESP) ; Colombo, Santa Rita , 07 Apr. 2011, 25°22'37.69"S 49°07'36.73"W, 910 m, capture with entomological umbrella, M. Savaris, 1♀ ( MELQ) ; 3km. SE. Foz do Iguaçu , X-9-1968, C.W. & L.B. O'Brien, 1♀ ( ASU) . Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia , 27º11' B. 52º23' L. Fritz Plaumann, 18. 9. 1944, Gregorio Bondar Collection David Rockefeller Donor, 1♂ ( AMNH) ; Rio Vermelho , I 1945, A. Maller, Coll. Frank Johnson Donor, 1♂ ( AMNH) . ARGENTINA. Misiones: Dep. Concep.—Santa Maria X 1946, M.J. Viana, 1♂ ( ASU) .

Etymology. The specific name is given in relation to the municipality name where some specimens from the type series were collected (“Coronel Vivida”), by adding the suffix of the latin “ensis” (belonging to) in agreement with the grammatical gender of Heilipus (male). The legend surrounding the name of this city is curious. The municipality name was given in honor of a personality from Palmas, in Paraná, called Coronel Firmino Teixeira Batista (1834–1903). Colonel Firmino was called “Coronel Vivida”, because, according to the story, he frequently used the expression “que vida!”, which in English means "what a life!". However, the colonel was known for his stutter. This notably led to his pronunciation of "que vida!" as "que vivida!", leading to his nickname ( Carneiro et al. 2005).

DNA Barcoding. After the sequences were edited and aligned, the COI barcode region yielded fragments of 601 bp in the final dataset. Sequences of H. draco and H. vividaensis were deposited at GenBank under the accession numbers PP354862–PP354871 and PP354872–PP354875, respectively.

Figures

FIGURE 44. Distribution map of Heilipus draco and Heilipus vividaensis, with early and new records of H. draco.

FIGURES 24‒27. Heilipus vividaensis. 24) Habitus, dorsal view and 25) lateral view. Scale lines = 1 mm. 26) Details of scales on elytral patches. Scale line = 0.2 mm. 27) Detail of patch surrounding the elytral declivital callus. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 28‒33. Sexual dimorphism in Heilipus vividaensis. 28) Lateral view of male rostrum. 29) Lateral view of female rostrum. Scale lines = 1 mm. 30) Male right elytron, ventral view. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) Detail of the right elytron apex showing the parallel ridges (black arrow) in males. Scale line = 0.5 mm. 32) Female right elytron ventral view. Scale line = 1 mm. 33) Detail of the right elytron apex showing the more granulose surface (black arrow) in females. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 34‒39. Heilipus vividaensis male terminalia. 34) Tergite VIII, sternites VIII and IX, ventral view. 35) Tergite VIII, dorsal view. Scale line = 0.5 mm. 36) Aedeagus, dorsal view. 37) Aedeagus, ventral view. 38) Penis body, lateral view. 39) Tegmen, dorsal view. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 40‒43. Heilipus vividaensis female terminalia.40) Bursa copulatrix, common oviduct, spermatheca and spermathecal gland. Scale line = 0.2 mm. 41) spermatheca and spermathecal gland. Scale line = 0.1 mm. 42) Tergite VIII, gonocoxites and stylus, ventral view. 43) Sternite VIII. Scale line = 0.5 mm.