A new name and nomenclatural adjustments in Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) Author Costa-Lima, James Lucas Da Author Amorim, André M. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662 - 970, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. & Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Herbário CEPEC, Km 22 Rodovia Itabuna-Ilhéus, 45650 - 970, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil. text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-05-05 306 1 66 74 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.5 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.5 1179-3163 13689222 1. Erythroxylum cuneifolium Martius (1840: 343) Schulz (1907: 121) . Erythroxylum microphyllum var. cuneifolium Martius (1840: 343) . Type: — BRAZIL . São Paulo : “ Habitat inter dumeta ”, s.d. , C.F.P. von Martius s.n. ( lectotype : M [barcode M0243606] pro parte ! = F negative nº 19453, fragment on the right side of sheet, designated here ). Figure 1 . = Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. silvaticum Schulz (1907: 122) . Type: — ARGENTINA . Salta : [= San Ramón de la Nueva Orán], en los alrededores de la ciudad de Oran, 16 October 1873 , P.G. Lorentz & G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 480 ( lectotype , designated by Plowman & Hensold (2004: 15) : K [barcode K000424386]! = F negative nº 55588; isolectotype : CORD [barcode CORD00003015]!). = Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. squarrosum Schulz (1907: 122) . Type: — BRAZIL . Rio Grande do Sul : Porto Alegre, Morro da Policia, “ in saxasis afuieis, ventosis ”, 24 November 1901 , G.O.A. Malme 545 in It. Regnell. II ( lectotype : S 16-40110!, designated here ; isolectotype : S 16-40117!). Excluded syntype : BRAZIL . São Paulo : “ Prope urbem Faxina, ca. 650 m . s.m. ”, August 1901 , R. von Wettstein & V. Schiffner s.n. (WU!) = Erythroxylum gonocladum Martius (1840: 343) Schulz (1907: 122) . = Erythroxylum cyclophyllum Schulz (1907: 93) . Type: — BRAZIL . São Paulo : [about 1 m . NW by N from the Tanque de Zunica as far as the Caveira Santa, in the level dry shrubby campos, 03 February 1827 ], W.J. Burchell 4117 ( holotype : K [barcode K000426844]! = F negative nº 55587), syn. nov. = Erythroxylum trollii Schulz (1933: 723) . Type : — BOLIVIA . Chuquisaca : Montecanto pr. Monteagudo a Padilla , Gebüsche des Waldrandes , 2600 m , 24 November 1927 , C. Troll 617 ( holotype : B, destroyed; lectotype : B [barcode B100242767 ]!, designated here ; isotypes : JE [barcode JE00001051 ]!, M! = F negative nº 57577). Distribution and habitat:— Widely distributed in southern South America, with records from Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil ( Espírito Santo , Goiás , Mato Grosso [= Mato Grosso do Sul ], Minas Gerais , Paraná , Rio de Janeiro , Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina , and São Paulo ), and Paraguay . Due to its broad distribution, this species can be found in different vegetation types , such as seasonal forest, riparian forest, ecotone forest/grassland vegetation, and rocky outcrops. Comments:— Plowman & Hensold (2004) cite Martius s.n. (at M) and Sellow s.n. (at G and P) as syntypes of Erythroxylum microphyllum var. cuneifoium . However, there was a misunderstanding by these authors because Sellow s.n. is not the original material used by Martius (1840) . The only analyzed material at P that could be what Plowman & Hensold (2004) refer to is E. microphyllum Saint-Hilaire (1829: 100) (P, barcode P05482963!). Thus, we believe that the material at the Munich herbarium was the only original material used by Martius. This material is pro parte because the same voucher specimen is mixed with two fragments annotated by O.E. Schulz as E. amplifolium var. myrtilloides (M [barcode M0243605] = F negatives numbers 19452 and 57597). Therefore, we select as the lectotype the fragment on the right side of the sheet ( Fig. 1 ) (see McNeill et al. 2012 , Art. 9.14). Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. silvaticum was synonymized by Amaral Jr. (1980) under E. cuneifolium . Although this author did not see the types, this decision was accepted after analyzing the syntypes and lectotype designated by Plowman & Hensold (2004) . Also without seeing the types, Mendonça et al. (1998) synonymized E. cuneifolium var. squarrosum under E. cuneifolium and Plowman & Hensold (2004) agreed with this synonymization without locating the original material used by Schulz (1907) . Sobral (1987) suggests that E. cuneifolium var. squarrosum is a possible synonym of E. microphyllum based on O.E. Schulz’s short diagnosis and the location of one of the syntypes . The two syntypes of E. cuneifolium var. squarrosum were found here: Malme 545 in It. Regnell. II at S and Wettstein & Schiffner s.n. at WU. In accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al. 2012 ), the first specimen is here designated as the lectotype and the second is considered an excluded syntype because it corresponds to E. gonocladum . Erythroxylum cyclophyllum was described based only on one piece of W.J. Burchell’s vegetative material at K, which is from São Paulo ; more specific locality information was obtained from Smith & Smith (1967) . Schulz (1907) indicates that this species is related to E. nummularia Peyritsch (1978: 133) , which is exclusive to rocky outcrops and seasonal forest in the surrounding area in northeastern Brazil ( Loiola & Costa-Lima 2015 ), and Plowman & Hensold (2004) indicate the possibility that these species are synonyms. The material used by Schulz (1907) to describe this species has leaves in development, which are smaller, suborbicular, and resemble to types of E. microphyllum var. amplifolium f. myrtilloides . Considering that this is a common variation, we synonymize here E. cyclophyllum under E. cuneifolium . FIGURE 1 . Erythroxylum cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz. Lectotype of Erythroxylum microphyllum var. cuneifolium Mart. , fragment on right side of the sheet.—Photographs courtesy of and reproduced with permission from the Botanische Staatssammlung München (M). Plowman & Hensold (2004) synonymized Erythroxylum trollii under E. cuneifolium , which we agree with based on an analysis of the types. These authors mention that the holotype at B was destroyed, making it necessary to choose the only known isotype (at M) as the lectotype , in accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al. 2012 ). Among the 100 types ( holotypes and syntypes ) of Erythroxylum at B that Plowman & Hensold (2004) considered destroyed, this was the only one confirmed by us as being at B now. For this reason, for the fact of not having O.E. Schulz’s annotations on the voucher specimen found at B, and because the label does not contain the complete information of the protologue, such as its duplicate at M, we consider it a duplicate and select here this specimen as the lectotype . Unfortunately, the material cannot be compared because there is no negative of the type of E. trollii at the Field Museum. Furthermore, another additional isotype at JE was found. Selected specimens examined:— ARGENTINA . Corrientes : Depto. Ituzaingó , Isla Apipé , Pto. San Antonio , 19 November 1976 (fr), A . Schinini 13807 ( F ) ; Santiago Del Estero : Depto. Copo , 13 Km SW de Los Tigres , 07 December 1979 (fl), A . Schinini 19491 ( F ) . BOLIVIA . Santa Cruz : Prov. Florida , vicinity of Achira Camping Resort , 7 Km (by air) NE of Samaipata , 18º09’S , 63º49’’ W , 1330 m , 03 November 1999 (fl), M . Nee 50449 ( F , NY ) ; Tarija : Prov. Aniceto Arce , Reserva Nacional de Flora y Fauna Tariquía , 21º48’S , 64º14’W , 1500 m , 26 November 1998 (fl), N . Paniagua Z . & K . Rodriguez 1443 ( F ) . BRAZIL . Espírito Santo : [Mun. Alfredo Chaves], Engenheiro Reeve , 30 February 1903 (st), A . Roberto s.n. ( K ) ; Goiás : Mun. Caiapônia , arredores, 19 November 1975 (fl), G . Hatschbach 37705 ( F , MBM , UEC ) ; Mato Grosso do Sul : Mun. Porto Murtinho , 20 Km E de Porto Murtinho , 23 October 1980 (fl), J . M . Pires & P . P . Furtado 17282 ( F ) ; Minas Gerais : Mun. Barroso , Boa Vista , antiga estrada para Barbacena , após a mata do Baú , 21º12’29.6’’S , 43º54’55.6’’W , 972 m , 17 October 2006 (fl), R . Marquete et al. 3936 ( NY , RB ) ; Paraná : [Mun. Serranópolis do Iguaçu], Parque Nacional do Iguaçu , wet creek valley in rain forest, ca. 10 Km SE of Jardinópolis , 26 November 1966 (fl), J . C . Lindeman & J . H . Haas 3417 ( F , MBM , NY , RB , UB ) ; Rio de Janeiro : Mun. Petrópolis , Fazenda Boa Esperança , Área de Preservação Ambiental da Região Serrana de Petrópolis , 22º24’27’’S , 43º14’4’’W , 18 November 2009 (fl), R . A . X. Borges et al. 971a ( RB ) ; Rio Grande do Sul : Mun. Morrinhos do Sul , Morro Azul , October 1996 (fl), M . Sobral & J . A . Jarenkow 8167 ( FURB , ICN ) ; Santa Catarina : Mun. Itapiranga , forest above Rio Uruguai , Barra Macaco Branco , ca. 27º19’S , 53º46’’ W , 150–250 m , 11–12 November 1964 (fl), L . B . Smith & R . M . Klein 13179 ( F , FLOR , MO , NY ) ; São Paulo : Mun. Caieiras , 22 October 1945 (fl), W . Hoehne 1904 ( F , NY , RB , SPF , SPSF ) . PARAGUAY . Cordillera : Mun. Caacupe , Barrio Alegre , 14 February 1987 (fr), E . Bordas 4239 ( F ) ; Presidente Hayes : Trans-Chaco highway W of Assuncion , ca. Km 100, 30 October 1985 (fl), A . Gentry et al. 52022 ( F , MO ) . 2. Erythroxylum pachyneurum Schulz (1909: 352) . Type: — PARAGUAY . Caaguazú : “ in campis in regione fluminis Yhú ”, November 1905 , E. Hassler 9623 ( lectotype , designated by Plowman & Hensold (2004: 36) : G [2 sheets = single barcode G00381634 = F negatives nº 60925 and 60925]!; isolectotypes : A [barcode A00043878]!, B, destroyed, BM [barcode BM000546085]!, G [4 sheets = barcodes G00307784, G00381633 = F negative nº 52268, G00381635]!, K [barcode K000407462]!, MO [barcode MO-251212]!, MPU [barcode MPU010821]!, NY [barcode NY00399916]!, P [2 sheets = barcodes P00634394, and P00753849]!, S, W!). = Erythroxylum hasslerianum f. ellipticum Chodat & Hasssler (1904: 1288) (as “ elliptica ”). Type: — PARAGUAY . “ In campo San Blas (Yeruti) ”, December 1898 –1899, E . Hassler 5773 ( holotype : G [2 sheets = single barcode G00381632 = F negative nº 49606]!; isotypes : F [barcode F0055720F]! = F negative nº 59670, G [2 sheets = barcodes G00381636, and G00381637]!, NY [barcode NY00399917]! = F negative nº 57821), syn. nov. Distribution and habitat:— Erythroxylum pachyneurum was originally known from only two syntypes collected in grasslands of central Paraguay , but has more recently been recorded from Brazil , in the state of Minas Gerais , where it also occurs in grassland vegetation. Comments:— Chodat & Hassler (1904) proposed two new forms for Erythroxylum hasslerianum Chodat (1898: 15) : E. hasslerianum f. angustifolium Chodat & Hassler (1904: 1288) (as “ angustifolia ”) and E. hasslerianum f. ellipticum (as “ elliptica ”) Chodat & Hassler (1904: 1288) . Loiola et al. (2015) synonymized E. hasslerianum and E. hasslerianum f. angustifolium under E. deciduum Saint-Hilaire (1824 : t. 69), which was accepted by us after analysis of the type collections of these names. Erythroxylum hasslerianum f. ellipticum differs greatly from E. deciduum by the non-striated or slightly longitudinally striated stipules with 1–3 nerves per side ( vs . markedly longitudinally striated with 6–8 nerves per side), angled branches ( vs . cylindrical or compressed) and leaf blades with prominent veins on the both surfaces ( vs . poorly evident), and is a distinct species from E. deciduum . Erythroxylum hasslerianum f. ellipticum was formally described by Schulz (1909) as E. pachyneurum , which was based on two syntypes from Paraguay collected by E. Hassler. One of these is the holotype of E. hasslerianum f. ellipticum , as noted by Plowman & Hensold (2004) . There is no doubt that the two are the same species, therefore E. hasslerianum f. ellipticum is here formally synonymized under E. pachyneurum . Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL . Minas Gerais : Mun. São Roque de Minas, ca. de 1 Km da cidade em direção à Serra da Canastra, 12 January 1994 (fr), A.M. Giulietti et al. CFCR 13546 (ESA, HUEFS). PARAGUAY . “ In campo San Blas (Yeruti) ”, December 1898 –1899 (fl), E. Hassler 5773 ( holotype of E. hasslerianum f. ellipticum : G, isotypes : F, NY). 3. Erythroxylum patentissimum Schulz (1907: 119) . Type : — PARAGUAY . Concepción : “ Prope Concepcion in arenosis salsis ”, October 1902 , E . Hassler 7602 ( lectotype : G [barcode G00381638 ]! = F negative nº 41093!, designated here ; isolectotypes : A [barcode A00043881 ]!, B , destroyed = F negative nº 12639 [barcode F 0 BN012639 ]!, F [barcode F0055733 F ]! = F negative nº 55477, FH , G [3 sheets = barcodes G00381639 , G00381640 , and G00381641 ]!, K [barcode K000407474 ]!, MO [barcode MO-251211]!, MPU [barcode MPU020949 ]!, NY [barcode NY00399912 ]!, P [2 sheets = barcodes P00723962 , and P00723963 ]!, W !) . Distribution and habitat:— Erythroxylum patentissimum is known from a few herbarium specimens, beyond the syntypes mentioned, from Mato Grosso do Sul State , Brazil , Paraguay , and a new record from Bolivia . This species occurs in the Chaco region in sandy soils near streams or in open forest. Comments:— The type of Erythroxylum patentissimum was based on two collections, Malme s.n ., at S, and Hassler 7602 , widely distributed in herbaria in Europe and the United States . In accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al. 2012 ), a lectotype may be designated for this name. Plowman & Hensold (2004) suggested selecting material collected by E. Hassler as the lectotype . Therefore, we choose an E. Hassler specimen at G, where a lot of E. Hassler collections are deposited. Selected specimens examined:— BOLIVIA . Santa Cruz : Prov. Cordillera , Bañados del Izozog , Cachari , Acararenda , 11 March 1991 (st), G . Navarro & I . Vargas 289 ( MO ) ; Curuyuqui , trail along Río Parapetí ca. 8 km SW airstrip, 18º50’S , 62º20’W , 350 m , 27 October 1991 (fl), A . Gentry & R . Foster 75319 ( MO ) . BRAZIL . Mato Grosso [= Mato Grosso do Sul ]: Mun. Porto Murtinho , 30 Km a leste de Porto Murtinho , 14 November 1977 (fl), J . S . Costa 160 ( F , RB ) . PARAGUAY . Concepción : Prope Concepcion , s.d., E . Hassler 12005 ( LE ) .