Trichoderma shangrilaense G.Z. Zhang, 2022

Zhang, Guang-Zhi, Yang, He-Tong, Zhang, Xin-Jian, Zhou, Fang-Yuan, Wu, Xiao-Qing, Xie, Xue-Ying, Zhao, Xiao-Yan & Zhou, Hong-Zi, 2022, Five new species of Trichoderma from moist soils in China, MycoKeys 87, pp. 133-157 : 133

Trichoderma shangrilaense G.Z. Zhang sp. nov.

Fig. 6

Etymology.

" Trichoderma shangrilaense " was originally found at Shangrila in Yunnan Province of China.

Typification.

China. Yunnan, Pudacuo National Park, 3611 m (altitude), isolated from soil, 21 June 2016, G.Z. Zhang (Holotype WT 34004), Ex-type culture ACCC 39714.

Diagnosis.

Phylogenetically, Trichoderma shangrilaense is related to T. parapiluliferum (CBS 120921) (Fig. 1 ), but the sequence similarity of rpb2 between these two species was 98.93% and the sequence similarity of tef1 -α was 96.35%. That does not meet the sp ∃!(rpb2 99≅ tef1 97) standard for T. parapiluliferum or other known Trichoderma species. Conidiophore main axis of T. shangrilaense fertile to apex, conidia obovoid to ellipsoid, easily distinguished from that of T. parapiluliferum .

Teleomorph.

Unknown.

Growth optimal at 20 °C, slow, limited at 25 °C and absent at 30 °C or 35 °C. Colony radius after 72 h at 20 °C 19-21 mm on PDA, 23-24 mm on CMD, 19-21 mm on MEA and 8-11 mm on SNA. Aerial mycelia abundant, compact on PDA after 7 days at 20 °C under 12 h photoperiod, conidiation not easily formed and a yellow diffusing pigment developed near the inoculation point; conidiation formed unequal in size, white pustules after 14 days. Conidiophores and branches narrow and flexuous, forming a dendriform structure and irregularly branched, not rebranched, main axis to 4.3-5.0 µm wide, fertile to apex. Phialides, flask-shaped, often curved, (4.5-)5.7-9.0(-11.1) × (2.9-)3.2-3.5(-4.1) μm (mean = 7.4 × 3.4 μm), 1.6-3.4 μm wide (mean = 2.6 μm) near the base; phialide length/width ratio (1.5-)2.0-2.6(-3.0) (mean = 2.3). Conidia, obovoid to ellipsoidal, smooth, (3.3-)3.5-4.0(-4.4) × (2.8-)3.0-3.3(-3.5) μm (mean = 3.8 × 3.19 μm), length/width ratio 1.1-1.4 (mean = 1.2). Chlamydospores not observed.

Colony radius 28-33 mm, aerial mycelia abundant and floccose after 7 days at 20 °C under 12 h photoperiod. Conidiation slowly developing on MEA. After about 14 days, pompon-like, white fascicles developed. No diffusing pigment observed. On CMD after 7 days at 20 °C under 12 h photoperiod, colony radius 28-33 mm, aerial mycelia few. Conidiation formed flat or cushion-shaped pustules near the colony margin after 21 days and a yellow diffusing pigment developed near the inoculation point. On SNA after 7 days at 20 °C under 12 h photoperiod, colony mycelia sparse and no conidiation formed. After 10 days, pustules scattered around the periphery of the colony. Diffusing pigment not developed.

Distribution.

China. Yunnan and Sichuan.

Additional specimen examined.

China. Sichuan, Huanglong Nature Reserve, 3561 m (altitude), isolated from soil, 25 September 2016, Z. Li (WT 34012).

Notes.

Phylogenetically, Trichoderma shangrilaense is related to T. parapiluliferum (CBS 120921) (Fig. 1 ), but the sequence similarity of rpb2 between these two species was 98.93% and the sequence similarity of tef1 -α was 96.35%. The sequence similarity of tef1 -α with the ex-type culture G.J.S. 91-60 (GenBank accession no. AY937444) was only 92%. Optimum temperature for growth of T. shangrilaense was 20 °C, no growth occurred at 30 °C as in T. parapiluliferum and conidiation structures consist of flat or cushion-shaped pustules, formed near the colony margin on MEA, SNA and CMD. Conidiophore main axis of Trichoderma parapiluliferum has conspicuous spiral sterile apical elongations, conidia ellipsoidal to oblong ( Lu et al. 2004). Conidiophore main axis of T. shangrilaense fertile to apex, conidia obovoid to ellipsoid, easily distinguished from that of T. parapiluliferum .

Figures

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree, based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis of the rpb 2 (left; InL = - 5930.92) and tef 1 - α (right; InL = - 7681.95) dataset. Bootstrap values of Maximum Likelihood (left) and Maximum Parsimony (right) above 50 % are indicated at the nodes. The tree is rooted with Protocrea illinoensis TFC 9698 and P. farinose CPK 3144. New species proposed here are indicated in bold. The type strains are indicated with an asterisk (*) after the strain number. Results of the pairwise sequence similarity are illustrated on the dashed lines between the query strain and its closely-related species (arrows point to the reference strains).

Figure 6. Trichoderma shangrilaense A-D cultures (A on PDA, 25 ° C, 10 days B on PDA, 25 ° C, 21 days C on MEA, 25 ° C, 21 days D on CMD, 25 ° C, 21 days) E-G, I-K conidiophores and phialides H conidia A-K from WT 34004. Scale bars: 10 μm (E-K).