Hexatoma (Eriocera) pernigrina Alexander, 1938

Podenas, Sigitas, Park, Sun-Jae, Byun, Hye-Woo & Podeniene, Virginija, 2022, Hexatoma crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) of Korea, ZooKeys 1105, pp. 165-208 : 165

Hexatoma (Eriocera) pernigrina Alexander, 1938

Figs 26-32 , 62

Hexatoma (Eriocera) pernigrina Alexander 1938: 159, pl. 1, fig. 21.

Type material examined.

Holotype, male (pinned), North Korea, Ompo, alt. 140 m, 14 June 1937, A. Y. Yankovsky leg. (USNM). Paratypes: North Korea, 1 male, 1 female (on same pin as holotype), 1 male, 5 females (pinned, antenna, hind leg, wing and terminalia of male slide mounted), topotypic (USNM).

Other examined material.

North Korea, 6 males, 2 females (pinned), Ompo , alt. 90 m, 9 June 1937, A. Y. Yankovsky leg. (USNM) ; 1 male, 1 female (pinned), Ompo , alt. 50 m, 28 May 1938, A. Y. Yankovsky leg. (USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), Chonsani , alt. 920 m, 22 June 1940, A. Y. Yankovsky leg. (USNM) ; South Korea, 1 male, 1 female (pinned), #12, Hwy. #20, 8 mi. SW of Kangnung, 37°42.00'N, 128°47.00'E, alt. 590 m, 8 June 1954, G. W. Byers leg. (SMEK, USNM) ; 1 female (pinned), Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Aengmubong , 37°45.46'N, 126°55.65'E, alt. 550 m, 6 June 1973, Yuseok Kim leg. (KU) ; 1 male (pinned), Gyeonggi-do, Pocheon-si, Soheul-eup, Gwangneung Forest , 37°45.05'N, 127°09.70'E, alt. 180 m, 10 June 1973, Okjin Lee leg. (KU) ; 1 male (pinned), Seoul, Mt. Suraksan , 37°41.79'N, 127°04.93'E, alt. 570 m, 4 June 1974 (KU) ; 1 male (in ETOH), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Yeongju-si, Punggi-eup, Samga-ri (downstream), Mt. Sobaeksan , 36°55.28'N, 128°30.33'E, alt. 400 m, 14 May 2000 (KU) ; 1 female (in ETOH), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Bonghwa-gun, Mt. Seondalsan , 37°02.38'N, 128°42.55'E, alt. 1220 m, 5 September 2000 (KU) ; 2 females (in ETOH), same collection data as for preceding, 4 July 2001 (KU) ; 1 male, 1 female (in ETOH), same collection data as for preceding, 15 September 2001 (KU) ; 1 male, 1 female (in ETOH), Jeollabuk-do, Namwon, Sannae-myeon, Buun-ri , Namwonsi Sannaemyeon Baemsagol , 35°21.21'N, 127°34.95'E, alt. 830 m, 27 May 2009, S. W. Jung leg. (KU) ; 1 male (in ETOH), Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Imgye-myeon , Dojeon-ri , 37°32.15'N, 128°54.17'E, alt. 760 m, 24 May - 23 June 2011 (1), H.-W. Byun et al. leg., Malaise trap (NIBR) ; 1 female (in ETOH), Gangwon-do, Pyeonchang-gun, Odaesan NP, 37°44.26'N, 128°35.50'E, alt. 730 m, 22 June 2012 (03), S. Podenas leg. (NIBR) ; 3 males, 2 females (pinned), 7 males, 6 females (in ETOH), Jeollanam-do, Gurve, Masan-myeon, Hwangjeon-ri , 35°14.62'N, 127°29.38'E, alt. 100 m, 8 May 2013 (1), S. Podenas, H.-W. Byun leg. (NIBR) ; 20 males, 15 females (in ETOH), Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Jeokmok-ri , 37°58.61'N, 127°26.59'E, alt. 310 m, 22 May 2014, D.-G. Kim, M.-D. Baek, H.-D. Gang, Ch. Uy leg. sweeping (KU) ; 1 male, 2 females (in ETOH), Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Jeokmok-ri , Garim-gyo ( Br. ), GERC-H, 37°58.55'N, 127°26.49'E, alt. 310 m, 24-30 May 2015, Y. J. Bae leg., Malaise trap (KU) ; 1 male (in ETOH), Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Jeokmok-ri , Garim-gyo ( Br. ), GERC-F, 37°58.55'N, 127°26.49'E, alt. 310 m, 7-13 June 2015, Malaise trap (KU) ; 2 males, 1 female (in ETOH), Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Jeokmok-ri , Garim-gyo ( Br. ), GERC-G, 37°58.55'N, 127°26.49'E, alt. 310 m, 6-12 May 2015, Y. J. Bae leg., Malaise trap (KU) ; 4 females (pinned), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju-si, Yangbuk-myeon, Janghang-ri , 35°45.74'N, 129°21.84'E, alt. 330 m, 28 May 2016 (1), S. Podenas, H. M. Baek leg. (NIBR) ; 1 female (pinned), Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley , 35°16.31'N, 127°34.29'E, alt. 490 m, 3 June 2016 (02), S. Podenas leg. (NIBR) ; 1 female (pinned), Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley , 35°16.40'N, 127°34.15'E, alt. 550 m, 3 June 2016 (3), S. Podenas leg. (NIBR) ; 2 males (pinned), 1 female (in ETOH), Gyeonggi-do, Yangpyeong, Cheongun-myeon, Dowon-ri , 37°32.70'N, 127°47.69'E, alt. 220 m, 29 May 2017, S. Podenas leg., at light (NIBR) .

Description.

Body coloration opaque black (Fig. 26 ). Body length of male 11.5-12.0 mm, female 16.3-19.8 mm, wing length of male 10.0-11.0 mm, female 10.6-15.0 mm.

Head. Opaque black dorsally, dull black ventrally, sparsely covered with erect black setae. Vertex with small tubercle. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, distance between them at base of antennae nearly the same as length of scape. Antenna black at base, turning dark brown towards apex, 7-segmented in male (Fig. 27 ) (some specimens with fissure in the middle of the last segment, thus antenna looks 8-segmented), 2.6-4.0 mm long, extending to approximately middle of prescutum if bent backward. Female antenna (Fig. 28 ) 3.0-4.0 mm long. Scape elongate, nearly cylindrical, 1.7 × longer than wide, 3 × as long as pedicel, pedicel widened distally, bearing a few setae. Flagellomeres elongate, sub-cylindrical, narrower towards apex of antenna, covered with sparse short setae, length of which approximately as width of respective segments. Length of I-V flagellomeres decreases in all specimens, but length ratio varies individually (1.00/0.65 ± 0.02/0.56 ± 0.07/0.41 ± 0.09/0.26 ± 0.04) (mean ± standard deviation). Rostrum black, semi-polished, with few long apical setae. Palpus and mouth parts black.

Thorax. Cervical sclerites and pronotum black. Prescutum and presutural scutum opaque black with four semi-polished stripes, areas between stripes covered with dense short setae. Tubercular pits missing, pseudosutural fovea black, semi-polished. Postsutural scutum with each lobe black covered with grayish pruinosity, area between lobes polished-black. Scutellum dull black with narrow transverse wrinkles. Mediotergite black, laterally covered with grayish pruinosity. Pleuron black, sparsely dusted with gray. Wing (Fig. 29 ) dark brown, slightly iridescent, with blackish costal area. Stigma same color as darkening along frontal wing margin. Veins dark brown. Venation: humeral vein just slightly before arculus, Sc very long, reaching wing margin slightly beyond branching point of R2+3 and R4, sc-r shortly before branching point of R2+3 and R4. Rs long, slightly arched at base. Free end of R1 short and oblique, R2 3 × its own length before apex of R1. R3 and R4 diverging, cell r3 with long stem, which slightly exceeds m-cu in length. Cross-vein r-m distinct, transverse, at base of discal cell. Length of discal cell slightly more than twice its width. Cross-vein m-cu slightly before middle of discal cell. Anal vein long, slightly concave at middle, apex slightly beyond the level of Rs base. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Halter black throughout. Length of male halter 1.4-1.7 mm, that of female 1.5-1.7 mm. Whole leg, including coxa and trochanter, black. Tibia of fore leg with single apical spur, tibiae of middle and hind pairs of legs with two apical spurs each. Male femur I: 5.0-5.2 mm long, II: 6.4-6.5 mm, III: 6.8-7.5 mm, tibia I: 5.7-6.0 mm, II: 5.8-6.0 mm, III: 6.8-7.0 mm, tarsus I: 6.0-6.2 mm, II: 5.5-5.8 mm, III: 5.5-6.0 mm. Female femur I: 4.3-6.5 mm long, II: 4.7-5.0 mm, III: 8.0-9.0 mm, tibia I: 4.7-5.2 mm, II: 2.7-4.4 mm, III: 5.2-6.0 mm, tarsus I: 5.0-5.7 mm, II: 3.5-4.4 mm, III: 3.5-6.0 mm. Claw with subbasal spine.

Abdomen. Abdominal segments black with narrowly grayish posterior margin. Posterior segments dusted with gray, more densely on sternites. Tergites with paired transverse sutures frontally. Male terminalia (Figs 30 , 31 ) black, narrower than pregenital segments. Epandrium wider than long, posterior margin with two short blunt-apexed lobes separated by wide but shallow V-shaped emargination. Gonocoxite slightly longer than wide, slightly arched, without additional lobes. Outer gonostylus long and narrow, sclerotized, pointed and slightly arched. Inner gonostylus slightly longer than outer gonostylus, wide, fleshy, setose. Paramere long and narrow, with distal part curved mesally. Aedeagus simple, short, and straight, tip with brush of few setae. Anterior apodeme long with triangullar lobes on both sides, extending far beyond frontal margin of lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath. Ovipositor (Fig. 32 ) black with distal part of cercus brown. Tenth tergite elongate. Cercus nearly straight, comparatively stout, narrowing distally, apex rounded, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Hypovalva long, parallel-sided, reaching only base of cercus, blunt apex, apical setae longer ventrally than dorsally.

Elevation range in Korea.

From less than 50 m to more than 1200 m.

Period of activity in Korea.

From beginning of May through to middle of September.

Habitat.

Margins of mountainous small- and medium-sized streams densely covered with deciduous forests. Species is attracted to light.

General distribution

(Fig. 62 ). Endemic to the Korean Peninsula.

Figures

Figures 26 - 32. Hexatoma (Eriocera) pernigrina Alexander, 1938 26 male, lateral view 27 male antenna 28 female antenna 29 male wing 30 male genitalia, dorsal view 31 male genitalia with ninth segment removed, dorsal view 32 ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (26 - 29, 32); 0.5 mm (30, 31).

Figures 59 - 66. Sampling localities of Korean Hexatoma (Eriocera) 59 H. (E.) gifuensis Alexander, 1933 60 H. (E.) ilwola sp. nov. 61 H. (E.) masakii Alexander, 1934 62 H. (E.) pernigrina Alexander, 1938 63 H. (E.) pianigra sp. nov. 64 H. (E.) serenensis sp. nov. 65 H. (E.) stackelbergi Alexander, 1933 66 H. (E.) ussuriensis Alexander, 1934.