Wallacea jarawa, Prathapan & Shameem, 2017

Prathapan, K. D. & Shameem, K. M., 2017, A new species of Wallacea Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Bothryonopini) infesting coconut palm in the Indian Ocean Islands of Andaman & Nicobar, Zootaxa 4347 (2), pp. 381-391 : 383-389

Wallacea jarawa n. sp.

( FigS 1, 3 , 6–22 , 24, 25, 27, 28 )

Specimens examined. HOLOTYPE. ♂, WiTh LAbELS AS fOLLOWS: (1) “ INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / MiThA KhARi / N 11° 39' 22.7" / E 92° 40' 22.7" 27 M / 12.Viii.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT (WhiTE LAbEL). (2) HOLOTYPE / Wallacea jarawa n. sp. / dES. PRAThAPAN & ShAMEEM, 2017 (REd LAbEL)” ( BMNH) . PARATYPES (100 SPECiMENS, ALL SPECiMENS WiTh A WhiTE LOCALiTY LAbEL AS giVEN bELOW, bESidES A SECONd PiNK LAbEL: “ PARATYPE / Wallacea jarawa n. sp. / dES. PRAThAPAN & ShAMEEM, 2017”). 11 ♀, 6 ♂ . ThE SAME LAbELS AS fOR hOLOTYPE. 1 ♀ . SAME dATA EXCEPT dATE 11.X.2014 ANd hOST RATTAN CANE. 4 ♀, 5 ♂ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / ChOULdARi / N 11° 39' 30.2" / E 92° 40' 22.7" 12 M / 14.iV.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 5 ♀, 9 ♂ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / JiRKATANg / N 11° 49' 53.4" / E 92° 39' 17.4" 2 M / 16.iV.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 2 ♂ . SAME dATA EXCEPT hOST Calamus . 1 ♂ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / JiRKATANg / N 11° 49' 53.4" / E 92° 39' 17.4" 2 M / 25.iV.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 8 ♀, 8 ♂ . INdiA: LiTTLE ANdAMAN / HUT BAY / N 10° 43' 5.8" / E 92° 34' 18.2" 27 M / 28.iV.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 4 ♀, 3 ♂, 1 UNSEXEd . INdiA: LiTTLE ANdAMAN / HUT BAY –RK PUR / N 10° 43' 5.8" / E 92° 34' 18.2" 27 M / 28.iV.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 10 ♀, 12 ♂ . INdiA: LiTTLE ANdAMAN / VK PUR / N 10° 43' 52.6" / E 92° 34' 5.7" 56 M / 29.iV.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 1 ♀, 2 ♂ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / TUShANAbAd / N 11° 40' 42.1" / E 92° 38' 25.2" / 11.Viii.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 2 ♀ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / TUShANAbAd / N 11° 40' 51.2" / E 92° 38' 41.2" 45 M / 8.X.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX RATTAN CANE. 1♀ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / ObRAgANJ / N 11° 39' 50.7" / E 92° 39' 24.1" / 10.Viii.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / BURMANALLAh / N 11° 36' 31.9" / E 92° 43' 36.1" / 10.X.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX Borassus . 2 ♂ . INdiA: SOUTh ANdAMAN / MANPUR / N 11° 40' 46.90" / E 92° 37' 31.2" / 13.X.2014 / PRAThAPAN K D COLL. / EX COCONUT (5 BMNH, 40 NBAIR, 40 NPC, 5 UASB, 5 USNM, 5 PKDC).

Description of adult. LENgTh (N=6) 4.13–5.46 MM, WidTh (N=6) 1.51–2.02 MM. [MALE (N=3): LENgTh 4.13–4.98 MM; WidTh 1.52–1.80; FEMALE (N=3): LENgTh 4.68–5.46 MM; WidTh 1.73–2.02 MM].

GENERAL COLOR ChOCOLATE bROWN ANd iTS VARiANTS ( FigS 6–11 ). DiSTAL ANTENNOMERES A LiTTLE dARKER iN SOME SPECiMENS. ELYTRA WiTh A highLY VARiAbLE LATERAL bLACK bANd ON EiThER SidE, bANd NARROW ANd iNdiSTiNCT ANTERiORLY, bECOMES bROAdER TOWARdS APEX; COVERS ENTiRE APEX, EXCEPT APiCAL MARgiN iN SOME SPECiMENS; OfTEN PRONOUNCEd ON SiXTh COSTA ANd iTS bRANChES; COMPLETELY AbSENT iN MANY SPECiMENS. MANdibLES dARK bROWN TO bLACK, REST Of MOUTh PARTS CONCOLOROUS WiTh hEAd, PALPS bEiNg LighTER.

HEAd: VERTEX PUNCTATE, SizE Of PUNCTURES NO MORE ThAN hALf Of LARgER PUNCTURES ON PRONOTUM. STRidULATORY fiLE REAChiNg NEARLY UP TO POST CALLiNAL TRANSVERSE dEPRESSiON. MidfRONTAL SULCUS, MidCRANiAL SUTURE diSTiNCT, NOT dEEP. POST CALLiNAL TRANSVERSE dEPRESSiON PRESENT. MAXiLLARY PALPOMERES 2–4 EACh LONgER ThAN PRECEdiNg ONE; LAST PALPOMERE AbOUT TWiCE AS LONg AS SECONd. LAST LAbiAL PALPOMERE SUbEqUAL TO fiRST ANd SECONd COMbiNEd.

ANTENNA: 0.41–0.46 TiMES AS LONg AS bOdY. FOUR PROXiMAL ANTENNOMERES ShiNY, REST dARKER WiTh ShORT, ThiCKLY SET SETAE. ANTENNOMERES I–IV WiTh ShALLOW CiRCULAR ANd ELONgATE PiTS, SETAE ShORT ANd SPARSE. ANTENNOMERES ROUNd iN CROSS SECTiON, EXCEPT APEX Of LAST NEARLY fLAT. PROPORTiONATE LENgTh Of ANTENNOMERES I–XI: 1: 0.65–0.78: 0.76– 0.88: 0.59–0.75: 0.78–1.00: 0.79–0.94: 0.79–0.87: 0.70–0.85: 0.73–0.85: 0.79–0.86: 1.12–1.31.

PRONOTUM 1.15–1.21 TiMES WidER ThAN LONg. DiSC CONVEX ANTEROMEdiALLY, WiTh A dEPRESSiON iN fRONT Of SCUTELLUM, LATERALLY RAThER fLAT OR SLighTLY dEPRESSEd. PUNCTURES ON diSC SMALL TO LARgE, iNTERSTiCES bETWEEN PUNCTURES VERY MiNUTELY PUNCTATE; A NARROW STRiP ALONg MiddLE Of diSC iMPUNCTATE; ON EiThER SidE Of ThiS iMPUNCTATE STRiP WiTh iRREgULARLY PLACEd STRONg PUNCTURES; LATERAL TO ThESE STRONg PUNCTURES iS AN iLL-dEfiNEd iMPUNCTATE STRiPE; LATERAL fLAT OR dEPRESSEd AREA fiLLEd WiTh STRONg PUNCTURES. DiSC iMPUNCTATE NEAR ANTERiOR ANd POSTERiOR bORdERS. LATERAL PRONOTAL MARgiN bROAdER iN MiddLE, ANTERiORLY NEARLY AS bROAd AS POSTERiOR; LATERAL MARgiN WEAKLY SCALLOPEd. SCUTELLUM NEARLY AS bROAd AS LONg; POSTERiOR MARgiN Of SCUTELLUM bROAdLY ROUNdEd; NEARLY fLAT ON TOP, iMPUNCTATE TO MiNUTELY PUNCTATE.

ELYTRON WiThOUT POST bASAL dEPRESSiON. ELYTRAL APEX CONVEX, APiCAL ANgLE fORMS ACUTE dENTiCLE. ELYTRA ANTERiORLY WiTh SiX dORSAL ANd ThREE LATERAL ROWS Of PUNCTURES; A LiTTLE bEhiNd MiddLE, AN AddiTiONAL ROW ARiSES bETWEEN SiXTh ANd SEVENTh ROWS. FifTh ANd SiXTh ROWS MERgE ANd TERMiNATE NEAR diSTAL ¼ Of ELYTRA.

HYPOMERON RUgOSELY PUNCTATE WiTh diSTANTLY PLACEd fiNE SETAE LATERALLY; PUNCTURES ON hYPOMERON STRONgER POSTERiORLY ThAN ANTERiORLY. PROSTERNUM WiTh SMALL WidELY PLACEd PUNCTURES. PROSTERNAL iNTERCOXAL PROCESS ShiNY, WiThOUT STRONg PUNCTURES, NEARLY fLAT OR WiTh ShALLOW dEPRESSiONS, POSTERiOR MARgiN bROAdLY CONVEX. MESOSTERNUM SMOOTh ANd ShiNY, WiThOUT STRONg PUNCTURES, POSTERiORLY NARROWEd, APEX CONVEX, ShALLOWLY dEPRESSEd. MESEPiSTERNUM ANd MESEPiMERON COARSELY gRANULATE WiTh LARgE ShALLOW PUNCTURES. METASTERNUM SMOOTh ANd ShiNY, EXCEPT COARSE PUNCTURES LATERALLY.

SPERMAThECA WiTh POT-ShAPEd RECEPTACLE, NEARLY AS LONg AS WidE; PUMP CURVEd, LONgER ThAN RECEPTACLE, NOT WELL diffERENTiATEd AT JUNCTiON WiTh RECEPTACLE; dUCT ShORTER ThAN RECEPTACLE, ORigiNATES LATERALLY NEAR MiddLE Of RECEPTACLE ( Fig. 15 ). COXiTES ObLiqUE, bROAdER ThAN LONg, WiTh ShORTER SETAE TOWARdS POSTERiOR REgiON ( FigS 16, 17 ). TERgUM VIII bROAdER ThAN LONg ( Fig. 17 ). TERgUM IX NARROW, gENTLY CURVEd, ACUTELY POiNTEd POSTERiORLY ( FigS 16, 17 ). WidTh Of STERNUM VIII gREATER ThAN LENgTh Of SPiCULUM gASTRALE ( Fig. 18 ).

AEdEAgUS gENTLY CURVEd iN LATERAL ViEW, ACUTELY NARROWEd TOWARdS APEX ( Fig. 19 ). BASAL PiECE hARdLY SCLEROTizEd. VENTRAL SURfACE gENTLY CONVEX; iN VENTRAL ViEW, AEdEAgUS bROAdENEd TOWARdS APEX; APiCAL MARgiN bROAdLY ROUNdEd, MEdiALLY PROdUCEd iNTO AN ObTUSE, ShORT dENTiCLE ( Fig. 21 ). DiSTAL OPENiNg bROAdER ThAN LONg, COVEREd WiTh TWO LAMiNAE ( Fig. 20 ).

ThREE ENdOPhALLiC SCLERiTES – PROXiMAL dORSAL, MEdiAN ANd diSTAL dORSO-VENTRAL – WELL dEVELOPEd, fORM A COMPLEX NEAR MiddLE Of MEdiAN LObE ( FigS 22 , 24–25, 27–28 ); AddiTiONALLY, A PAiR Of LATERAL LONgiTUdiNAL SCLERiTES PRESENT TOWARdS APEX Of AEdEAgUS ( FigS 24, 25 ). IN VENTRAL ViEW, PROXiMAL dORSAL SCLERiTE LONgER ThAN WidE; MEdiAN SCLERiTE A LiTTLE WidER ThAN LONg; diSTAL dORSO-VENTRAL SCLERiTE WiTh ACUTELY POiNTEd POSTERiOR ENd ( Fig. 25 ).

Etymology. ThiS SPECiES iS NAMEd AfTER ThE jarawa AbORigiNAL PEOPLE Of ThE ANdAMAN ISLANdS ( MUKERJEE 2003). ThE NAME iS A NOUN iN APPOSiTiON.

MAP 1. Distribution of Wallacea jarawa n. sp. on the Andaman & Nicobar Islands Distribution. INdiA (ANdAMAN & NiCObAR ISLANdS) (MAP 1).

Remarks. Wallacea jarawa n. sp. CAN bE SEPARATEd fROM ThE OThER CONgENERiC SPECiES bY ThE UNiqUE STRUCTURE Of ThE ENdOPhALLiC SCLERiTES, ESPECiALLY ThE diSTAL dORSO-VENTRAL SCLERiTE WiTh iTS ACUTELY POiNTEd POSTERiOR ENd iN VENTRAL ViEW ( Fig. 24, 25 ). Wallacea dactyliferae SUPERfiCiALLY RESEMbLES W. jarawa n. sp. iN bEiNg SiMiLAR iN SizE ANd COLOR PATTERN, ESPECiALLY bY ThE LATERAL bLACK bANd ThAT COVERS ThE ELYTRAL APEX. HOWEVER, bOTh CAN bE SEPARATEd bASEd ON ThE STRUCTURE Of ThE ENdOPhALLiC SCLERiTES. IN W. dactyliferae , ThE MEdiAN SCLERiTE iS hORSE-ShOE ShAPEd iN VENTRAL ViEW ( FigS 23 , 26 ), WhiLE ThE SAME iS POLYgONAL iN W. jarawa n. sp. ( Fig. 25 ). IdENTiTY Of W. dactyliferae WAS ASCERTAiNEd bY STUdYiNg ThE ENdOPhALLiC SCLERiTES Of A ‘COTYPE’ fROM VANiAMbAdY (= VAMAMbAdY iN MAULiK 1919) iN TAMiL NAdU, SOUThERN INdiA ( Fig. 23 ). PRESENCE Of A MEdiAN dORSAL bANd ON EACh ELYTRON iN AddiTiON TO ThE LATERAL bANd, diSTiNgUiShES W. limbata fROM bOTh W. jarawa n. sp. ANd W. dactyliferae (iN W. dactyliferae ANd W. jarawa n. sp., ONLY ThE LATERAL bANd iS PRESENT). Wallacea apicalis , REPORTEd ON COCONUT fROM SUMATRA, CAN bE diffERENTiATEd fROM W. jarawa n. sp. bY ThE ELYTRA bLACK iN diSTAL hALf.

Host plants. BESidES COCONUT PALM ( Cocos nucifera L.), TWO ANd fiVE AdULTS EACh WERE COLLECTEd ON PALMYRA PALM, Borassus flabellifer L. ANd AN UNidENTifiEd RATTAN CANE (? Calamus SP.), RESPECTiVELY (ALL ARECACEAE ), iN ThE SOUTh ANdAMAN ISLANd.

Biology. PRAThAPAN & ShAMEEM (2015) PROVidEd PRELiMiNARY iNfORMATiON ON ThE biOLOgY ANd NATURE Of dAMAgE Of Wallacea jarawa n. sp. ON COCONUT PALM ( FigS 1–5 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Wallacea jarawa n. sp. 1) Adults, 2) Adult feeding troughs, 3) Larvae, 4) Larval feeding troughs, 5) Damaged leaflets.

FIGURES 6 – 14. Wallacea jarawa n. sp. 6 – 10) Adult habitus, dorsal, color variation; 11) Ventral habitus, 12) Spine on hypomeron, 13) Male last ventrites, 14) Female last ventrites.

FIGURES 15 – 23. 15 – 22. Wallacea jarawa n. sp. 15) Spermatheca, 16) Coxites, tergum-VIII, tergum-IX (ventral view), 17) Coxites, tergum-VIII, tergum-IX (outspread view), 18) Spiculum gastrale, 19) Aedeagus, lateral view, 20) Aedeagus, apical foramen, 21) Aedeagus, ventral view, 22. Endophallic sclerites through the median lobe of aedeagus of Wallacea jarawa n. sp., 23. Wallacea dactyliferae. Endophallic sclerites of ‘ cotype’ through the median lobe of aedeagus.

FIGURES 24 – 28. 24 & 25) Endophallic sclerites in Wallacea jarawa n. sp., ventral view, 26) Endophallic sclerites in Wallacea dactyliferae, ventral view (specimen from Thiruvalangadu, Tamil Nadu, collected on 23 September 2016), 27 & 28) Endophallic sclerites in Wallacea jarawa n. sp., lateral view.