Pediciidae

Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija & Byun, Hye-Woo, 2015, Heterangaeus Alexander, 1925 crane flies (Diptera: Pediciidae) of Korea, Zootaxa 4006 (3), pp. 506-520 : 507-508

Family Pediciidae

Pediciidae is a comparatively small family of crane flies with less than 490 species described worldwide, grouped into 10 genera. The highest diversity of species (146) is registered in North America, followed by the Eastern Palearctic (137) and Oriental (133) Regions. Distinctly fewer species (77) are known from the Western Palearctic. The family is poorly represented in the Neotropics (13 species), and in the Australasian/Oceanian Region (only 5 species). These crane flies are totally missing from the Afrotropics ( Oosterbroek 2015). The family Pediciidae is composed of two subfamilies, the very small Ulinae (comprising about 40 species in two subgenera) and the large Pediciinae , where most species are included.

Adults Pediciidae are characterized by setose eyes, their ommatidia being surrounded by abundant trichiae. Usually they have short, 10–17 segmented antennae. All legs bear well developed tibial spurs. The prescutum has no tuberculate pits. The wings, sometimes reduced, are usually well developed, spotted or unicolorous. Wing vein Sc1 is usually long, often reaching well beyond the distal branching of Rs. The vein Sc2 is usually situated before the base of Rs. The radial sector branches into three veins. The discal cell is missing in some species, as well as cell m1. Some species have additional cross-veins. The subfamily Ulinae has wings covered with abundant macrotrichiae, while in the Pediciinae , the wing cells have no macrotrichiae. Male genitalia usually surrounded by the genital ring. The ninth tergite often bears lateral lobes, which sometimes are strong and horn-like. The gonocoxite is often covered with small apical spines. The interbases are well developed. The gonostylus may be branched or not, and is often covered with small black spines. The aedeagus is usually simple. Ovipositor usually elongate, with large cercus, tip of which is turned upwards. Hypovalvae also well developed.

Six genera of Pediciidae : Dicranota Zetterstedt, 1838 , Heterangaeus Alexander, 1925 , Nasiternella, Wahlgren, 1904 , Pedicia Latreille, 1809 , Tricyphona Zetterstedt, 1837 and Ula Haliday, 1833 have larvae described ( Alexander 1920, Lindner 1959, Crisp and Lloyd 1954, Brindle 1962, 1967, Savchenko 1986, Krivosheina 2009, Krivosheina and Krivosheina 2011, Obona and Starý 2013, Podenas et.al. 2014). Larval morphological features are known only for 25 species belonging to these genera ( Alexander 1920, Brindle 1962, 1967, Fahy 1972, Reusch 1988, Brinkmann 1991, Oosterbroek and Theowald 1991, Ujvarosi et all. 2010, Podenas et.al. 2014). The larvae of the family Pediciidae are hemicephalic, metapneunistic with two (in subfamily Pediciinae ) or five (in subfamily Ulinae ) spiracular lobes. Larvae of genus Ula develop in fungi and are mycetophagous, when larvae of other genera are predators with huge mandible, developing in water or wet soil near it. The shape of head capsule is one of the best distinguishing characters of this family as well as toothed hypostoma divided into two parts and connected only at the base of median teeth ( Hennig 1973, Lindner 1959, Savchenko 1986, Krivosheina 2009).

No species belonging to family Pediciidae were previously known from South Korea (Oosterbroek 2014).

Table 1. Collecting sites in South Korea (2012-2014).

Locality Collector Jeollabuk-do, Namwon, Sannae-myeon, Deokdong-ri, N35.33629, E127.53230 H.-W. Byun, S.

Podenas

Jeollanam-do province, Gurve, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri, Piakol valley, N35.26586, E127.58090 S. Podenas Jeollanam-do province, Gurve, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri, Piakol valley, N35.26580, E127.58128 S. Podenas, V.

Podeniene

Gyeongsangnam-do, Hamyang, Macheon-myeon, Samjeong-ri, N35.35880, E127.63672 V. Podeniene Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Hwaak-ri, N 37.99363, E 127.52102 S. Kim,

S. Podenas