Tursiocola ziemanii Frankovich & M.J. Sullivan, 2015

Frankovich, Thomas A., Sullivan, Michael J. & Stacy, Nicole I., 2015, Three New Species of Tursiocola (Bacillariophyta) from the Skin of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus), Phytotaxa 204 (1), pp. 33-48 : 34-37

Tursiocola ziemanii Frankovich & M.J. Sullivan , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–24 )

The frustules are rectangular in girdle view with bluntly rounded ends and porose girdle copulae ( Figs. 1–6 ). The valves are isopolar and narrowly lanceolate, tapering gradually from the middle of the valves to the juncture of the pseudosepta and the valve margin (approx. 1/4 of the valve length) and then tapering more rapidly towards rounded, produced, rostrate apices ( Figs. 7–13 ). Length 20–61 μm, width 2.4–5.2 μm, length to width ratio 7.3–11.8. The valve face is slightly asymmetric around the narrow axial area with one half of the valve face wider than the other ( Figs. 7, 9–12 ). The raphe is very fine and indistinguishable from the straight and more strongly silicified axial rib. The axial area is very narrow and widens at the diamond-shaped central area ( Figs. 7, 9–12 ). The central area is intersected by a narrowing stauros that appears as a narrow highly refractive bar and extends to the valve margins where its width becomes only slightly larger than the interstriae width ( Figs. 1–6 ). The transapical striae are slightly convergent/disrupted around the central area becoming mostly parallel towards the apices ( Fig. 10 ), 22–25 in 10 μm. By focusing through the valve, pseudosepta can be seen to extend over approximately 1/4 of the valve length from the apices which then continue as narrow strips along the valve margin, widening in the central area where they fuse with the stauros forming a butterfly-like structure and two pyriform-shaped voids on either side of the central area ( Figs. 8, 13 ).

Type:— UNITED STATES. Florida: Florida Bay, skin samples removed from a recently dead individual of a West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus in the vicinity of Coon Key , 25º 03’ 18” N, 80º 44’ 10 ”W, T. A. Frankovich, 28 October 2013 (holotype CAS! 223047, Figs. 1–24 ; isotypes ANSP! GC59139 , BM! 101 786, BRM! Zu10/6) .

μm; 17–18 = 2 μm; 19 = 1 μm.

SEM morphology:— Externally, the valve mantle slopes steeply without any clear transition between the valve face and mantle ( Figs. 14–15, 18–20 ). The valve face has uniseriate transapical striae composed of oval areolae extending onto the entire valve mantle ( Figs. 14–15, 18–20 ). The mantle margin is narrow and slightly more silicified than the interstriae area ( Fig. 20 ). The areolae are arranged in fairly straight longitudinal rows, approximately 23 areolae in 10 μm ( Figs. 14–15, 19 ). A straight, narrow, and more strongly silicified axial rib lies within the axial area that widens very slightly towards the central area ( Figs. 14–15, 18 ). The raphe is very fine, straight and slightly eccentric ( Figs. 14–15, 18 ). The central area is diamond-shaped with a narrow unpunctate stauros that extends to the valve margins ( Figs. 14–15, 18 ). The stauros is slightly wider on the primary side of the valve ( Figs. 14–15, 18 ). The external proximal raphe ends are simple, deflected towards the secondary side of the valve, and lie along the edge of the central area terminating where the stauros extends towards the valve margin ( Fig. 18 ). The distal raphe ends are apparently bifurcated and obscured by overhanging siliceous flaps that bend towards the same side of the valve at both apices ( Fig. 19 ). A siliceous rim curves around the valve apex ( Fig. 19 ). A flange-shaped siliceous outgrowth is sometimes observed extending from the mantle on one side of the apex at one of the poles ( Fig. 14 ).

Internal views of the valves reveal the butterfly-like structure that connects the pseudosepta to the central area and stauros ( Figs. 16–17 , 21 ). The pseudosepta extend from the apices as siliceous plates for approximately one-quarter of the valve length and then continue as narrow strips that run along the valve margins before widening at the “wings” of the butterfly-like structure in the central area ( Fig. 16 ). The narrow strips of the pseudosepta briefly widen towards the valve center forming broad concave “wings” of the butterfly structure ( Figs. 18–19 ). The pseudosepta and the butterfly-like structure enclose two pyriform-shaped areas on either side of the central area ( Figs. 16–17 ). Internally, the raphe slits open along the middle of a strong siliceous rib that widens slightly in the central area ( Figs. 16–17 ). Two knob-like structures are present on the rib on opposing sides of the raphe at the valve center ( Fig. 17 ). The internal central area is hexagonal and fuses with the broad wings of the butterfly-like structure at an abrupt near 90º angle ( Fig. 17 ). A narrow stauros intersects the central area ( Fig. 17 ).

The girdle is composed of two copulae that are open on one end ( Figs. 20–24 ) with a double row of transapically elongated pores, 17–22 in 10 μm ( Figs. 20, 22–23 ). In whole frustules, the advalvar row is partially obscured by the valve mantle ( Fig. 20 ).

Etymology:— the epithet honours Dr. Joseph C. Zieman (1943–), in recognition of his generous support of diatom research in Florida Bay.

Figures

FIGURES 1–13. Tursiocola ziemanii. Type population, LM. 1–6. Frustules in girdle view showing size range and morphological variation. 7–13. Specimens in valve view showing size range. Scale bars: 1–13 = 10 μm. = indicates same specimen at different foci.

FIGURES 14–19. Tursiocola ziemanii. Type population, SEM. 14–15. External views of whole valves showing axial and central areas. 16. Internal view of whole valve showing pseudosepta and butterfly structure. 17. Detail of butterfly structure and internal central area with stauros (arrow) and two knobs on the raphe rib. 18. Detail of external central area showing diamond-shaped central area, stauros and deflected proximal raphe ends. 19. Detail of external valve apex showing apparently bifurcated distal raphe ends. Scale bars: 14–16 = 5

FIGURES 20–24. Tursiocola ziemanii. Type population, SEM. 20. Entire frustule in girdle view showing cingulum with 2 copulae, each with a double row of pores. 21. Internal view of valve with attached copula. 22. Cingulum comprised of 2 copulae open on one end (arrow) with 2 rows of pores. 23. Isolated copula showing closed end (arrow) and two rows of pores. 24. Internal view of cingulum showing open (arrow) and closed ends of copulae. Scale bars: 20–22, 24 = 10 μm; 23 = 5 μm.