Tubulichnium rectum ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858 ) Uchman, Alfred & Wetzel, Andreas, 2017

Uchman, Alfred & Wetzel, Andreas, 2017, Hidden subsurface garden on own faeces - the trace fossil Tubulichnium rectum (Fischer-Ooster, 1858) from the Cretaceous-Palaeogene deep-sea sediments, Palaeontologia Electronica 4 (4), pp. 1-18 : 5-10

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.26879/777
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E77F75-FFBC-1736-FF19-905FFB08FEA9
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Tubulichnium rectum ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858 )
status	comb. nov.

Treatment

Tubulichnium rectum ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) comb. nov.

Figures 2.1-6, 3.1-7, 4.1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 -11, 5.1-8

* v. 1858 Halymenites rectus F.O. – FischerOoster, 55, pl. 13, fig. 2. [also in Uchman, 1998, fig. 25B.] non v. 1858 Halymenites flexuosus F.O. – FischerOoster, 55, pl. 13, fig. 1. [(Transferred to Halymenidium Schimper by Schimper in Schimper and Schenk, 1879, p.

37, p. 37] partim v. 1858 Halymenites minor F.O. – FischerOoster, 56, 65, pl. 13, fig. 1. [Redrawn in Uchman, 1998, fig. 25C] (non 65, pl.

16, fig. 2). [(Transferred to Halymenidium Schimper by Schimper in Schimper and Schenk, 1879, p. 37] v. 1858 Halymenites incrassatus F.O. –

Fischer-Ooster, p. 65, pl. 16, fig. 3.

[also in Uchman, 1998, fig. 25A] non v. 1858 Halymenites dubius F.O. – FischerOoster, 66, pl. 12, fig. 4.? 1863 Halymenites rectus , H. flexuosus und

H. minor F. O. – Ettingshausen, p.

461. [Not illustrated]

1909 Granularia cf. arcuata Schimp. – Reis,

pl. 17, figs. 2–4. [Specimen in fig. 2

also in Häntzschel, 1975, p. W65, fig.

40.3a, under the same name]

1935 agglutinierte Wohnröhre – Abel, figs.

395, 396.

1936 Grosser Fukoid …. – Krejci-Graf, 312,

fig. 5. non 1942 Agglutinierende Polychäten (Terebel-

linen) – Papp, figs. 1-3.

1959 Mit ellipsodischen Kotpillen austapezierter Gang – Seilacher, tab. 3.52.

v. 1977 Tubulichnium incertum n. ichnosp. – Książkiewicz, p. 143, pl. 11, figs. 14,

15. [For fig. 15 see also Uchman,

2008c, text-fig. 29]

1978? Granularia – Kern, 255, fig. 10A.

partim 1981 Granularia sp. – Crimes et al., p. 969, pl. 2, fig. 5 (non pl. 4, fig. 4).

v. 1991 a Tubulichnium incertum – Uchman, p. 289, fig. 2A.

v. 1991 c Tubulichnium incertum Książk. – Uchman, 209. [Not illustrated]

v. 1992 Tubulichnium incertum – Cieszkowski et al., p. 94. [Not illustrated]

v. 1992 a Tubulichnium incertum – Uchman, p. 55 [Not illustrated].

v. 1993 Tubulichnium incertum Książkiewicz – Tunis and Uchman , p. 87. [Not illustrated]

v. 1996 Tubulichnium incertum Książkiewicz – Tunis and Uchman , p. 177, fig. 3J .

v. 1998 Ophiomorpha rectus ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) – Uchman, 126, figs. 25, 26.

v. 1998 “ Tubulichnium incertum ” Książkiewicz – Wetzel and Uchman, p. 537, fig. 5.

v. 1999 Ophiomorpha recta ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) – Uchman, 104, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

2004 Ophiomorpha rectus ( Fischer-Ooster,

1858) – Leszczyński, p. 45, fig. 20.

v. 2007a Ophiomorpha recta ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) – Uchman, 224, pl. 2, fig. 1.

v. 2007b Ophiomorpha recta ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) – Uchman, 989, figs. 4B-C, 5B.

v. 2007 Ophiomorpha recta – Wetzel et al., p. 573, fig. 7.

2007 Muensteria – Seilacher, pl. 72.

v. 2008 a Ophiomorpha recta – Uchman, 121, fig. B6.2.C.

v. 2009 Ophiomorpha recta ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) – Uchman, 50, fig. 46.

2010 Ophiomorpha rectus – Giannetti, 110.

[Not illustrated]

? 2011 Ophiomorpha recta – Cummings and Hodgson, 173, pl. 1A.

non? 2012 Ophiomorpha rectus Fischer-Ooster, 1858 – Rajkumar et al., p. 71, fig. 2K.

v.? 2014 “ Ophiomorpha” recta ( Fischer-Ooster, 1858) – Riahi et al., p. 161, fig. 7D, E.

non 2014 Ophiomorpha cf. recta – Knaust et al., p. 2237, fig. 12D.

v. 2017 b “ Ophiomorpha” recta (Fischer-Ooster) – Uchman and Rattazzi, fig. 8C.

Diagnosis. Oblique to horizontal, unbranched,

straight or slightly winding, blind ending, commonly originally almost void but preserved collapsed tube, which may by slightly swollen in the middle part. It is lined with small, elongated muddy pellets.

Holotype. Specimen NMBE 5017471 View Materials , Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern ( Switzerland), labelled as “ Halymenites flexuosus F.O. Die fossilien Fucoiden, t. XIII, f. 2, Orig. zu Halymenites flexuosus F.O. Seeligraben (Gurnigel.) ,” illustrated by Fischer-Ooster (1858, p. 55, plate 13, figure 2). Figure 2.1- 2 View FIGURE 2 in this paper.

Other specimens. Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern ( Switzerland): 1) specimen NMBE 5017470 – original of Halymenites incrassatus Fischer-Ooster, 1858 , Fähnernspitz, E Switzerland ( Figure 2.4 View FIGURE 2 ); 2) specimen NMBE 5017474 – original of Halymenites minor Fischer-Ooster, 1858 , Seeligraben, Gurnigelbad, Switzerland ( Figure 2.3 View FIGURE 2 ).

Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland: 1) 28 specimens from the Słopnice section, the Inoceramian Beds , Magura Nappe, Carpathians, Poland ( INGUJ143 P42, 66, 74, INGUJ144 P170-180, 182- 195); 2) one slab from the old quarry at Krzeczkowa, Holovnia Marl, Skole Nappe, Carpathians, Poland ( INGUJ193 P140); 3 ) one specimen from the Szczawnica Formation at Łąkcica ( INGUJ144 P99) , three specimens from the same formation at Jamne ( INGUJ143 P84, 86, 87) and one from Jaszcze ( INGUJ143 P85); 4 ) one specimen from the Piwniczna Sandstone Member of the Magura Formation (Lower Eocene) at Tylmanowa- Baszta ( INGUJ144 P140); 5 ) 10 specimens from the Pagliaro Formation ( Paleocene ) at Cabella Ligure, Northern Apennines, Italy ( INGUJ149 P11b, 13; INGUJ149 P35-41) and Celio ( INGUJ149 P42); 6 ) three specimens from the Gurnigel Flysch , Paleocene, from Seeligraben ( INGUJ154 P100, 102) and from the Zollhaus Quarry ( INGUJ154 P101) .

The Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian University ( CEP) – Museum of Geology, six slabs in the Książkiewicz collection: 1) Skole Nappe , Inoceramian (Ropianka Beds) at Bachów ( UJ TF 938 – the holotype of Tubulichnium incertum Książkiewicz, 1977 ; Figure 2.5-6 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ) and Wara ( UJ TF 1426 – Figure 3.2 View FIGURE 3 ; UJ TF 1434 ); 2) Magura Nappe, Inoceramian (Ropianka Beds) at Wola Brzezińska ( UJ TF 1026 ) and Berest ( UJ TF 856 , 1844 ) .

Crocefischi Museo , Crocefieschi N of Genova, Italy: three specimens 5008, 5214, 6444 from the Pagliaro Formation (Paleocene) at Salata .

Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria , two specimens (without numbers): 1) one specimen from the Greifenstein Sandstone , Greifenstein quarry, Wienerwald, Rhenodanubian Flysch, Austria (collected in 1908) ; 2) one specimen from the Inoceramian Beds , Skole (Skyba) Nappe, Dora (Yaremche), Ukraine .

The Bavarian Natural History Collections (Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, SNSB): one specimen PIW 1993X 221, Flysch del Grivó (Paleocene-Eocene) at Clapp, Friuli, Italy .

Description. Inclined to horizontal, strongly flattened, blind ending tubes, observed usually in the upper part of sandy beds. The tubes are 2–22 mm wide, in maximum 215 mm long. Usually, only a short segment of the trace is observed because the remaining part is plunging into the bed. The width of the tube changes along its course exhibiting usually one spindle- shaped swelling in the middle ( Figures 2.4 View FIGURE 2 , 3.1, 3.6 View FIGURE 3 ). Two swellings are very rare. The swellings are up to 6.5–15 mm, rarely up to 29 mm, wide. The holotype is 172 mm long and 14– 20.5 mm wide, but is limited by the edges of the slab.

Most of the tubes are straight. Curved tubes are rare ( Figures 2.5-6, 3.2 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ). The interior tube margin is covered with small, elongate mud pellets, which are 0.7–2 mm long and 0.7–1 mm wide. When the pellets are removed or weathered, the burrow margin shows scalloped depressions, which are elliptical, half-elliptical, or crescent in outline, 0.5–1.2 mm long, and up to 0.8 mm wide ( Figure 5.1-3, 5.5 View FIGURE 5 -8). If the pellets are densely packed, the depressions tend to form an irregular, elongated meshwork, with straight or slightly curved bordering crests. The pellets are composed of clay and fine silt grains and most of them are less than 10 μm in size. Close to the surface of the pellets, mineral flakes can be parallel or subparallel to the pellet surface.

In transverse cross-section, the burrow geometry shows some variability ( Figures 4.5 View FIGURE 4 -11, 5.4). It can be irregularly elliptical, sub-angular, trapezoid, wedge-shaped, or bent-down bar-like in outline. Width is usually larger than height, but inverse cases may occur. Occasionally if the height of the burrow exceeds its width, the lower part is narrower than the middle and upper part. The lower part of the burrow fill is usually muddy and the upper enriched in sand. In many transverse crosssections, spreite-like lamination is present, usually bending down in the central part. The laminae can be underlined by a muddy or sandy film. Terminations of the laminae are uneven, occasionally splitting. Therefore, in cross-section the tube sides appear in many cases uneven. Rarely, the mantle is sandy ( Figure 4.9 View FIGURE 4 ). In some cases, a sandy core wrapped partly, or rarely completely, by a muddy mantle is seen ( Figure 4.11 View FIGURE 4 ).

The burrows are horizontal or nearly horizontal for most of their course, or they dip into the beds at a more or less constant angle ranging from 15° to 27° ( Figure 4.4 View FIGURE 4 ). Some burrows pierce a bed and occur on the lower side as inclined tubes with a sandy mantle, which can be covered by longitudinal wrinkles ( Figure 4.1-3 View FIGURE 4 ). Laminae within the bed are slightly bent down at the sides of the burrow for a distance of 1–3 mm. The laminae above the burrow are commonly bent down probably due to collapse of the causative tube after abandonment ( Figures 4.6, 4.10 View FIGURE 4 , 5.1 View FIGURE 5 ). Edges of some burrows are elevated ( Figure 5.1 View FIGURE 5 ).

Remarks. Tubulichnium rectum occurs in very fine and fine-grained calcareous sandstone, sandy marl, or marl beds of variable thickness. They are of turbiditic origin and interbedded with pelagic/ hemipelagic, calcareous, or non-calcareous mudstones ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ).

Tubulichnium rectum co-occurs in the same bed with Scolicia vertebralis Książkiewicz and Phycosiphon incertum Fischer-Ooster (see Książkiewicz, 1977, p. 143), Chondrites intricatus (Brongniart) , C. targionii (Brongniart) , C. affinis (Sternberg) , Lophoctenium ramosum (Toula) , Nereites irregularis (Schafhäutl) , Zoophycos isp., Ophiomorpha annulata (Książkiewicz) , Planolites isp., Taenidium isp., Trichichnus isp., Polykampton cabellae Uchman and Rattazzi , Phycosiphon geniculatum (von Sternberg) , “ Rhizocorallium ” hamatum (Fisher-Ooster), Acanthorhaphe isp. and Megagrapton isp. Some specimens are cross cut by O. annulata , C. intricatus , Ph. incertum , and some unidentified tubular burrows. In some beds, T. rectum penetrates S. vertebralis , N. irregularis , C. intricatus , and C. targionii .