TUBOSPHAERIDAE Suzuki, 2021

Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian, 2021, A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts, Geodiversitas 43 (15), pp. 405-573 : 460-461

Family TUBOSPHAERIDAE Suzuki , n. fam.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8584914-5C69-4F52-A4B5-B93D21B66EA3

Staurostylida Haeckel, 1882: 450 [nomen dubium, as a tribe].

TYPE GENUS. — Tubosphaera Popofsky, 1917: 268 [type species by monotypy: Tubosphaera quadrispina Popofsky, 1917: 268].

INCLUDED GENERA. — Staurosphaerella Haeckel, 1887: 154 . — Stauroxiphos Haeckel, 1887: 163 (= Staurolonchidium n. syn.). — Stylostaurus Haeckel, 1882: 450 . — Tubosphaera Popofsky, 1917: 268.

NOMINA DUBIA. — Staurosphaeromma , Staurostylus .

DIAGNOSIS. — Skeleton consists of four radial spines and one to three spherical shells.

STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — late Middle Eocene-Living.

REMARKS

This new family is represented by some genera previously included in the “Staurostylidae”. Because the type genus Staurostylus is a nomen dubium based on a poorly illustrated Mesozoic specimen, a new family name is required. There are some doubts regarding the phylogenetic relationships among the assigned genera, but no other appropriate family is yet available.

VALIDITY OF GENERA

Stauroxiphos

Real specimens with two shells and four decussate radial spines aligned on the equatorial plane are quite rare. Staurolonchidium is synonymized with Stauroxiphos for an easy identification until new information is provided in the future.

Incertae familiae spumellarians

INCLUDED GENERA. — Peritiviator Pessagno, 1976: 45 . — Tanochenia Dumitrica, 2014b: 95 . — Tepka Sanfilippo & Riedel in Sanfilippo et al., 1973: 228.

REMARKS

Hollis (1997: 43; pl. 4, fig. 16) regarded Peritiviator as a genus of Phorticiidae (originally Pyloniidae ). However, the high contrast photo makes this impossible to confirm. Tepka was once considered as Nassellaria ( Riedel & Sanfilippo 1977: 870) but nothing is known about the complete appearance of this genus, making this grouping impossible to confirm. Tanochenia seems to be an endemic form; its internal skeletal structure was already illustrated ( Dumitrica 2014b: pl. 1, figs 1-4).

Orphaned spumellarian family ranks

Discida Haeckel, 1862: 239-240, 476-485 [invalid name, as a family]; 1882: 456 [as a family]; 1884: 29 [as a family]. — Claus 1876: 160 [as a family]. — Dunikowski 1882: 190 [as a family]. — Lankester 1885: 849 [as a family].

Polysphaerida Zittel, 1876-1880: 120 [invalid name, rank un- known]. — Stöhr 1880: 90 [as a family].

Dyssphaeriden [sic] Hertwig, 1879: 179-185 [invalid name] (= Dyosphaeriden) [as a family].

Disciden – Hertwig 1879: 185-196 [invalid name, as a family].

Discidae – Pantanelli 1880: 48 [invalid name].

Sphaerida Haeckel, 1882: 448 [invalid name, as a family]. — Dunikowski 1882: 184 [as a family].

Dyosphaerida Haeckel, 1882: 451 [invalid name, as a subfamily].

Polysphaeria Haeckel, 1882: 454 [invalid name, as a subfamily].

Pylocapsida Haeckel, 1882: 463 [nomen nudum, as a subfamily].

Pylophormida Haeckel, 1882: 463 [invalid name, as a subfamily].

Sphaeroida – Haeckel 1884: 28-29 [invalid name, as a family].

Diplozonaria Haeckel, 1887: 632, 640 [invalid name]. — Schröder 1909: 53 [as a subfamily]. — Tan & Chen 1990: 111-113 ( sensu emend. ); Tan & Chen 1999: 243 [as a subfamily]. — Tan 1998: 252 [as a subfamily]. — Chen et al. 2017: 151 [as a subfamily].

Haplozonaria Haeckel, 1887: 632 [invalid name, as a subfamily]. — Schröder 1909: 53 [as a subfamily]. — Tan & Chen 1990: 124-125; 1999: 257 [as a subfamily]. — Tan 1998: 270 [as a subfamily]. — Chen et al. 2017: 150 [as a subfamily].

Triplozonaria Haeckel, 1887: 632, 656 [invalid name, as a subfamily]. — Schröder 1909: 53 [as a subfamily]. — Tan & Chen in Tan 1998: 267 [as a subfamily]. — Tan & Chen 1999: 255 [as a subfamily].

Monostomida Dreyer, 1889: 12 [invalid name, as a subfamily].

Amphistomida Dreyer, 1889: 25 [invalid name, as a subfamily].

Sphaeroidea – Deflandre 1953: 415 ( sensu emend. ) [invalid name, as a superfamily].

Discoidea – Deflandre 1953: 416, 422 [invalid name, as a superfamily]. — Chediya 1959: 120 [as a superfamily].

Diplozonarinae – Chediya 1959: 154 [invalid name].

Haplozonarinae – Chediya 1959: 154 [invalid name].

Triplozonarinae – Chediya 1959: 155 [invalid name].

REMARKS

Families with no assigned species that are identified as probable Spumellaria and nomen nudum without any taxonomic information are simply listed herein. This list does not include any higher rank than the family-rank (e.g., Discida).