Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976

Phon, Chooi-Khim, Kirton, Laurence G. & Norma-Rashid, Yusoff, 2019, Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), a subspecies or a synonym?, European Journal of Taxonomy 544, pp. 1-25 : 17-19

Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976

Figs 2A–B , 3A , 4A, C

Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976: 22–23 ; genitalia figured, p. 24.

Ornithoptera brookeana – Distant 1882 –1886: 330–331 (pro parte: Johore). — Fickert 1889: 749–753 (pro parte: Johore).

Trogonoptera brookiana trogon – Corbet & Pendlebury 1956: 92 . — Eliot 1959: 372. — Eliot 1973: 175–176. — Fleming 1975: 15; female figured, pl. 2. — Haugum & Low 1982: 56–60; genitalia figured, text-fig. 19B, p. 45, text-fig. 29D–F, p. 57, text-fig. 30, p. 58; distribution, p. 56 (pro parte: Peninsular Malaysia; synonymy inferred, considered to be a locality form). — Eliot 2006: 5.

Trogonoptera brookeana – Rippon 1906: 2–4 (pro parte: Johore).

Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar – Eliot in Corbet & Pendlebury 1978: 67 ; checklist, p. 421. — d’Abrera 1982: 4; holotype and allotype figured, p. 5. — Tsukada & Nishiyama 1982: 235–236; male and female figured, pl. 32, p. 56. — Fleming 1983: 15; female figured, pl. 2, P1B. — Matsuka 2001: 210; checklist, p. 347; male and female figured, p. 210. — d’Abrera 2003: 172– 174; holotype, allotype and one male figured, p. 175; genitalia figured, p. 314 (status formally revised).

Troides (Trogonoptera) brookiana trogon – Eliot in Corbet & Pendlebury 1992: 59–60 ; checklist, p. 394; female figured, pl. 1 (formal synonymy).

Material examined

Holotype

MALAYSIA • ♂; Peninsular Malaysia, Johore, Ulu Sedili ; 17 Feb. 1974; V. Doggett leg.; BMNH (E) 1420520 .

Paratype (allotype)

MALAYSIA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 29 Aug. 1971; N. Parker leg.; BMNH (E) 1420526 .

Additional material *

MALAYSIA – Peninsular Malaysia, State of Johor ** • 3 ♂♂; Johor ; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same locality; ZRC • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ulu Sedili Forest Reserve; Chong-Arshad • 3 ♀♀; Lombong; NHMUK • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Kangkar, Dohol ; NHMUK ; 1 ♂; same locality; ZRC • 1 ♀; Endau Rompin National Park; FRIM • 1 ♀; same locality; Kirton • 1 ♀; Endau Forest Reserve; MZUM; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mersing Forest Reserve; Chong-Arshad • 2 ♂♂; Mersing Road; NHMUK • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Panti Forest Reserve; FRIM • 1 ♀; same locality; Chong-Arshad • 1 ♂; Kota Tinggi; NHMUK . – Peninsular Malaysia, State of Pahang • 1 ♀; Rompin Endau; FRIM . – Peninsular Malaysia, State of Terengganu ** • 1 ♂; Jengai Permanent Forest Reserve, near Bukit Lentur; Chong Arshad .

* Label data is shortened for brevity and may vary in detail between specimens from the same general locality. Localities have been georeferenced where possible and are grouped regionally to show geographical coverage, based on the distribution shown in Fig. 1 . Regional groupings in bold typeface are not necessarily part of the label data.

** Johor and Terengganu: also spelt Johore and Trengganu, respectively, especially in older labels and literature.

Female

Almost always identifiable by the entirely black ground colour on the upperside in which the outer areas of both wings barely contrast with the veins and with the black forewing cell ( Figs 2A , 4A ). Hindwing upperside with more extensive green scaling than in the subspecies trogon , extending to about half to two thirds of the length of space 4 ( Figs 2A , 4A ). Forewing upperside with more extensive green scaling than in the subspecies trogon , the green arrow-shaped markings slightly longer and reaching nearer the wing margin, especially along vein 2, and with the black ground colour behind the arrowheads sometimes just perceptibly narrower than in trogon ( Figs 2A , 4A ). Forewing underside green scales in space 4 always present, forming a broken patch ( Fig. 2E ) or sometimes entire patch ( Figs 2B, D ) of green scales. Forewing upperside with a green streak below vein 7, its scaling usually dense ( Figs 2A, G , 4A ).

Male

Upperside hindwing green disc on average more extensive than in the subspecies trogon ( Figs 3A , 4C ), with the outer margin usually convex ( Figs 3 A–B, 4C) or slightly indented ( Fig. 3 C–D). Forewing upperside with more extensive green scaling than in trogon as in the female ( Figs 3A , 4C ). Green scales always present in space 7 of the hindwing upperside, and usually dense ( Figs 3A , F–G, 4C). Not reliably distinguishable from males of the subspecies trogon .

Range

Eastern Johor northward to southernmost Pahang, and central to southern Terengganu in Peninsular Malaysia ( Fig. 1 ).

Figures

Fig. 2. Illustrations of measurements used for both sexes, and categorical characters used for females. Scale bar: A–C = 2.00 cm. See Table 1 for descriptions.

Fig. 3. Illustrations of categorical characters in males. Scale bar = 2.00 cm. See Table 1 for descriptions.

Fig. 4. Females (top) and males (bottom) of Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976 (A and C) and T. b. trogon (Vollenhoven, 1860) (B and D). Scale bar = 2.00 cm.

Fig. 1. Distribution map of Trogonoptera brookiana (Wallace, 1855) subspecies albescens (Rothschild, 1895), mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976 and trogon (Vollenhoven, 1860). Ranges are based on localities given in specimen labels and the literature, where georeferencing was possible.