Trachusa heinzi Dubitzky, 2007

Kasparek, Max, 2020, Revision of the Palaearctic Trachusa interrupta species complex (Apoidea: Anthidiini) with description of four new species, Zootaxa 4728 (1), pp. 1-48 : 17-21

Trachusa heinzi Dubitzky, 2007

( Figs 7 , 9 , 15–18 )

Trachusa heinzi Dubitzky, 2007: 108–112 (male and female; Turkey)

Type material examined: HOLOTYPUS male, Turkey, Kahramanmaraş, 700 m, 2.v.1983, K. Warncke leg. (‘ Anthidium tauricum det. Warncke’ / coll. Warncke) ( OLL).— PARATYPES (4♂, 8 ♀, all Turkey) :— 4♀ 3♂ Hakkâri: südl. Beyetüşsabab , 1300 m, 13.vi.1984 (‘ Paratype / Anthidium tauricum det. Dr. K. Warncke / ‘ Paratype Trachusa heinzi Dubitzky 2007 ’) ( OLL) ; 2♀ Turkey, Kahramanmaraş, 700 m, 10.vi.1984, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) ; 2♀ Mardin prov.: 40 km E Midyat , 900 m, 17.vi.1981, K. Warncke leg. ( OLL) .

Other material examined (10♀ 5♂): TURKEY: Ağrı prov: southern slopes of Ağrı Dağı [Ararat-Südhang], 1800 m, 2.–3.vii.1985, M. Schwarz leg. (cMS) ; 6♀ Hakkâri: 19 km S of Beyetüşsabab , 1200 m, 26.vi.1985, M. Schwarz leg. (cMS) ; 1♀ Şanlı Urfa, 14.–17.vi.1977, J. Heinrich leg. (cMS) .— IRAN: 2♀ Gilan prov.: 15km SE Tutkabon (36°48‘N 49°38‘E), 1100 m, 09.vi.2014, J. Halada leg. (cMS) .

Description. A full description is given by Dubitzky (2007), drawings and photographs also by Kasparek (2017a).

Female. Yellow bands on T1 and T2 interrupted or continuous; band on T3 interrupted with a small gap between lateral bands ( Fig. 15B ); scutum with L-shaped anterolateral stripe; scutellum and axillae together with four yellow spots ( Fig. 15B ); yellow stripe on mid-femur reaching or almost reaching distal end; inner side of hind tibia black; pronotal lobe yellow; obtuse projection on dorsolateral side of pronotum ( Fig. 15A ); vertex upcurled; mesepisternum normally dark ( Fig. 15B ) but in exceptional cases with a small yellow spot.

Male. Antenna long, average length of Sg4–Sg6 between 0.47 and 0.54 mm ( Figs 9 , 16C ); yellow bands on T1 interrupted by a wide gap, T3 with lateral, subcontiguous band or uninterrupted band tapering towards medially ( Figs 16C; D ); scutum with yellow L-shaped anterolateral stripe; scutellum and axillae together with four yellow spots ( Figs 16C, D ); pronotal lobe mostly yellow ( Fig. 16A ); colour pattern of mid-femur variable (entirely black or with yellow stripe extending from base to distal end); inner hind tibia black.

Diagnosis: According to Dubitzky (2007), Trachusa heinzi is characterised in both sexes by an obtuse projection on the dorsolateral side of the pronotum, which is absent in all other species of the complex, and by a lamellate and upcurled vertex. It was not recognised by Dubitzky (2007) that T. anatolica [ T. interrupta sensu Dubitzky ] also has a dorsolateral elevation of the pronotum, which is, however, much smaller and resemble at most a slight swell- ing. Also the upcurled vertex is shared with T. anatolica , although on average, it is more strongly upcurled in T. heinzi than in T. anatolica . As there is broad overlap, the latter feature cannot be used for species identification.

Trachusa heinzi is the only species of the complex in which the female has entirely yellow pronotal lobes. The pronotal lobes are yellow in T. integra , but with central brown spots; in those individuals of T. anatolica that have yellow on the pronotal lobes, it is confined to the distal parts. The pronotal lobes are dark brown or black in all other non-African species.

In the female, the first two tergal bands are normally contiguously or subcontiguously interrupted medially, sometimes the bands are uninterrupted. Only one specimen is available with widely separated bands on T1 and T2 and thus resembles T. integra . The inner hind tibia is mostly yellow with black and shares this feature with T. grandicornis and T. taurica . These maculae are normally absent in T. anatolica .

In two of 19 females some irregularly formed yellow maculation was noted on the mesepisternum. Such maculation was not observed in any of the other species of the complex.

In the male, the antennae are on average longer than in T. anatolica and T. integra , but shorter than in T. taurica and T. grandicornis . While this character is mostly diagnostic there may be some overlap and this trait should be used for species identification only in combination with other traits.

In the male, the tergal band on T1 is interrupted; the band on T2 tapers towards the centre and is uninterrupted in seven and interrupted (subcontiguous lateral bands) in two out of nine specimens studied. All males examined have a boomerang-shaped yellow maculation on the scutum (Type 2 in Fig. 2 ), while the other two long-horned species ( T. taurica and T. grandicornis ) usually only have lateral yellow stripes (Type 0 or 1). This scutal pattern is more frequent in T. anatolica in eastern Turkey and T. integra in the Ukraine ( Table 3 .). All specimens examined had four yellow dots on the scutellum/axillae, while all other species are more variable in this respect. With one exception, all males of T. heinzi had partly or entirely yellow pronotal lobes, a character which is otherwise typical only for T. integra and partly for T. anatolica .

Dubitzky (2007) described the male as not having subapical patches of bristles on S4 or with only minor remnants present, and used this feature to distinguish the species from T. interrupta s.l. This character was not confirmed. The presence and amount of these subapical bristles proved to be quite variable and patches of subapical bristles were even found on one of the paratypes designated by Dubitzky (2007).

In the DFA, males of T. heinzi form a cluster close to T. grandicornis . This was less evident in females ( Fig. 14 ). In the confusion matrix ( Table 4 ), membership of all males could be confirmed (100.0%). This value was less in females, but at 83.3% it was still high ( Table 4 ).

Distribution. Endemic to Iran and Turkey. The distribution is confined in Turkey to the south-eastern and eastern parts of the country and include the provinces of Kahramanmaraş, Şanlı Urfa, Mardin and Hakkâri ( Dubitzky 2007 and material listed above). The range of T. heinzi overlaps with T. anatolica in eastern Turkey (Dağlıca = Ora- mar area of Hakkâri Province) and with T. taurica in southeastern Turkey (Kahramanmaraş Province) (see below). Most of the records come from high mountainous areas between 1100 and 1800 m but there are records from lower elevations: Urfa (480 m), Kahramanmaraş (700 m) and Mardin (900 m).

Samin & Bağıraçık (2016) listed T. interrupta from the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. The material was not examined, but it may be considered that it actually refers to T. heinzi .

Biology. The species was found on the wing between early June and early July.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Schematic presentation of the various patterns of yellow maculation of scutum, scutellum and mid-femur found in the species of the Trachusa interrupta complex and its allocation to numerical values as used in the analysis (Table 3). For the middle femur, the lower end in the image is basal and the upper end is distal. Black represents light maculations.

FIGURE 7. Comparison of the pattern of the yellow colouration among females of T. taurica sp. n., T. grandicornis sp. n., T. anatolica sp. n., and T. heinzi.

FIGURE 9. Comparison of the average length of the segments of the male antennae of species of the Trachusa interrupta complex in Turkey. The number gives the average length of segments 4-6. The upper drawing also shows the way segments were numbered.

FIGURE 14. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) for 15 morphometric parameters of six species of the Trachusa interrupta complex (the two north African species T. varia and T. maghrebensis are left out not to overload the diagram). A: females, B: males.

FIGURE 15. Trachusa heinzi. Female. Different paratypes from Turkey. Note the short, sparse pubescence on head and scutum (A, C), the obtuse projection on the pronotum (A) and the yellow maculation of gena which extends (as in T. anatolica sp. n.) to the lower end of the eye (C).

FIGURE 16. Trachusa heinzi. Males from Turkey. Note the different tergal pattern: in male (B), the yellow bands are interrupted on T1–T2, in male (B) only on T1. A and B different paratypes from Hakkâri; C specimen from Kahramanmaraş.

FIGURE 17. Trachusa heinzi. Male. Ventral side of metasoma (A) and genitalia (B).

FIGURE 18. Head of Trachusa heinzi. A. Female; B. male (paratypes).