Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899 )

Olivier, Renan S., Pujol-Luz, Cristiane V. A. & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2019, Review of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Eumastacidae, Temnomastacinae), Zootaxa 4593 (1), pp. 1-78 : 61-69

Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899)

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/ urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:39950

Figures 4H , 5H , 6H , 7E , 8H , 9G , 11D , 12H and I , 13H , 14H , 15H , 19D , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 and 35

Masyntes tigris Burr 1899: 91 (citation), 274 (identification key), 276 (original description) Lam. IX ( Figure 11 ); 1904: 17 (catalogue), pl. ( Figure 7 ); Bruner 1900: 18 (identification key); Rehn 1904: 676 (records); Kirby 1910: 79 (catalogue); Rehn 1915: 280 (records).

Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner 1911: 6 (original description and identification key); Bolívar 1916: 197 (syn. of Masyntes tigris Burr, 1899 ).

Temnomastax tigris Rehn & Rehn 1942: 2 (comb. Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899)) , 13 (identificiation key), 16 ( Figures 5 , 11 , and 15), 27 (records); Liebermann 1955: 333 (catalogue); Rehn & Grant Jr. 1958: 315 (phallic complex), pl. 29 ( Figures 29–31 ); Descamps 1973a: 278 (Figure 399), 1973b: 966 (Figure 63), 967 (records), 968 (identification key), 1982: 161 (record); Olivier 2014: 457 (citation), 460 ( Figure 9 and identification key), 2017: 235 (citation); Olivier & Aranda 2017: 1 –12 (geographical distribution analysis), 2018: 268–275 (morphometric analysis).

Type locality. Paraguay, Caaguazú Department, District of Simón Bolívar (Oberthür)— holotype ♂ and 1 paratype ♂ .

Depository. Holotype: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales , Madrid, Spain.

Etymology. The specific epithet probably refers to the color pattern of the species. Burr (1899) comments: “ Il se distingue facilement de sés congêneres par as couleur noire et orange vif [...]”.

Diagnosis. Medium (♂  20.74 mm; ♀  27.15 mm). Close to T. ricardoi , but differs by the subtriangular head of male in frontal view. Larger tegmina with 3.0x the pronotum length in males and 2.2x the pronotum length in females. Dorsal edge of male cerci rounded with broad and uniform curvature. Lateral margins of the MbEp sinuous, and posterior region with two well defined rounded lobes laterally. Posterior margin of epiphallus with broad curvature when inclined 45 degrees downward and seen in dorsal view. Posterior margin of female subgenital plate more rectilinear or sometimes concave, but never lobed or uniformly convex as T. ricardoi .

Redescription. Male. ( Figure 19D ) Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Assentamento São Gabriel, 19°24’54”S / 57°30’56”W, 110 m, 06.XII.2015 (Aranda, R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00404]. Measurements (mm): bd 22.94, pt 2.80, tg 8.23, hf 15.64, ht 16.13. —Head: Subtriangular in frontal view ( Figure 4H ). Antenna (4.15 mm). Fastigium (0.30 mm). Eyes slightly protruding in frontal view ( Figure 4H ). Frons, clypeus and labrum yellow ( Figure 4H ). Mandibular joints black. Base of maxillae with black and metallic blue details. Mandible yellow. Thorax: Pronotum: Slightly sellate, similar to T. ricardoi ( Figure 6H ). Posterior margin of pronotal disk rounded ( Figure 6h ). Thoracic sternites yellow. Wings: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.52). Tegmina ellipsoidal; elongated with anal margin slightly arched (concave), apex uniformly rounded; reaching the 5 th abdominal tergite (2.9x the pronotum length); some oblique nervures present between costal margin and C and between C and Sc; Ra reaching the apex; Rp arising from Ra in the medio-distal region; M simple, reaching the apex; 1Cu reaching the distal region, but not the apex; 2Cu present, reduced, reaching the median region; 1A+2A well marked, 3A+4A well marked and sinuous ( Figures 7E and E’ show tegmina of specimens from Bodoquena region). Membranous wings with five lobes when extended (remigium + four anal lobes); M diverging from R+M in the median-proximal region; Rs2 present; 1Cu touching VD distally; 1A–5A well marked, 6A reduced; 1a–4a well marked ( Figure 7e ). Legs (Right/Left): Ventral face of protibiae with 6/7 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 6/6 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/23 inner spines and 25/23 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Posterior-ventral regions of the 9 th and 10 th abdominal tergites as in the Figure 8H . Epiproct similar to T. ricardoi , but not so narrow ( Figure 8h ). Cerci laterally compressed, dorsal edge rounded with broad and uniform curvature, ⅓ apical narrower than the remainder and apex slightly curved inward ( Figure 9G ). Membranous distal area of subgenital plate fusiform horizontally and distinctly rugose; carinae absent; posterior margin of subgenital plate slightly projected backward in lateral view ( Figure 8H ). Phallic complex: Epiphallus: Lateral margins of the MbEp sinuous, and laterally in the posterior region two rounded lobes well defined formed by the more sclerotized posterolateral portion of epiphallus ( Figure 11D ); posterior margin of epiphallus with broader curvature than T. ricardoi when inclined 45 degrees downward and seen in dorsal view ( Figure 11 d’); posterior region with upward curvature in lateral view ( Figure 11d ). Endophallus: Outer margin in the anterior region of endophallic plate trilobed, but central lobe inconspicuous; inner arc seemingly triangular; branches slightly convergent and tips clearly divergent in ventral view ( Figure 12H ); broad, slight, and uniform curvature in lateral view ( Figure 12h ); spermatophore sac as in the Figure 12h ; ejaculatory sac horizontally elongated, anterior and posterior end rounded and almost similar ( Figure 12h ).

Female ( Figure 19D ). Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Assentamento São Gabriel, 19°24’54”S / 57°30’56”W, 110 m, 06.XII.2015 (Aranda, R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00408]. Measurements (mm): bd 28.94, pt 2.72, tg 7.28, hf 17.55, ht 18.32. —Head: Antenna (3.12 mm). Fastigium (0.30 mm). Thorax: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.41). Tegmina reaching the distal region of the 3 rd abdominal tergite (2.7x the pronotum length), ¾ proximal of costal margin slightly arched (convex) and ⅓ distal slightly narrower (similar to T. ricardoi ). Ventral face of protibiae with 8/8 outer spines and 7/8 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with?/7 outer spines and?/8 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 23/25 inner spines and 24/23 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Posterior-ventral regions of the 8 th abdominal tergite with cuticular striations ( Figure 13H ). Epiproct as in the Figure 14H . Length of paraprocts equal to the epiproct. Cerci with little more than ½ of the epiproct length ( Figure 14H ). Subgenital plate: Greatly arched ventrally in axial view; lateral regions partially covered by the ventral portions of the 8 th abdominal tergite ( Figure 15H ); posterolateral regions exceeding the length of the 8 th abdominal tergite in lateral view and with cuticular striations well marked ( Figures 13H ); lateral angles of the posterior margin rounded, lateral portions of posterior margin converging centrally, almost without curvature, to a small protrusion in ventral view; spines present only in the 3 / 5 median ( Figure 15H ). Ovipositor as in the Figure 13H . Other characters as in male.

Sexual dimorphism. hf ♀ / hf ♂ 1.00.

Measurements (mm). Bodoquena region: ♂ (n=24). bd 17.20–23.84 (20.28), pr 2.29–2.91 (2.61), tg 6.53– 8.85 (7.70), hf 12.84–16.30 (14.33), ht 13.71–17.35 (15.36); ♀ (n=1). bd 23.27, pr 2.69, tg 6.14, hf 14.37, ht 15.92. Corumbá region: ♂ (n=17). bd 19.19–23.90 (22.04), pr 2.33–2.87 (2.65), tg 7.52–9.63 (8.67), hf 13.93–16.33 (15.23), ht 15.01–17.31 (16.33); ♀ (n=4). bd 26.86–28.94 (28.11), pr 2.45–2.79 (2.64), tg 6.98–7.28 (7.09), hf 14.84–17.55 (16.19), ht 16.32–18.32 (17.31).

T. tigris (holotype ♂). bd 20.00, pr 3.00, tg 9.00, hf 15.00, ht? ( Burr 1899);

M. brasiliensis (lectotype ♂). bd 17.50, pr 2.20, tg 7.00, hf 13.00, ht? ( Bruner 1911);

M. brasiliensis (paralectotype ♀). bd 26.00, pr 2.90, tg 4.75, hf 16.00, ht? ( Bruner 1911).

Intraspecific variation. Sometimes, specimens from Corumbá may have a small central fissure on the posterior margin of pronotal disk. Some specimens do not have anal margin of tegmen slightly concave, while others may present a narrower distal region of tegmen ( Figures 7E and E’). Specimens from the Bodoquena region have four anal veins on tegmen, 1A and 3A well marked and 2A and 4A reduced. Because of this, we hypothesized that the two slightly thickened veins present in the specimens from Corumbá region would be, in actuality, the fusion of vein pairs 1A+2A and 3A+4A. Some specimens from the Corumbá region may not have the Rs2 vein in membranous wings. The rounded and uniform curvature on dorsal edge of male cercus can be little more salient in specimens from Bodoquena region. The more sclerotized lateroposterior portions of epiphallus in specimens from Bodoquena region have broader curvatures than those seen in specimens from Corumbá region. As consequence of this morphological variation, the MbEp in these specimens have rounded lateroposterior lobes broader. There is a marked variation in the anterior outer margin of the endophallic plate according to the region where specimens come from; commonly individuals from Corumbá region have this margin plate trilobed, being the central lobe small and acute, but sometimes this can be inconspicuous or even absent, then the margin becomes bilobed (in this last case both lobes are always very spaced from each other ( Figure 12 I—last one). In the Bodoquena region, there are individuals bilobed, and although the shape of these lobes present a huge variation ( Figures 12i ), these are always closer when compared to the bilobed-shaped from Corumbá region. The central salience on the posterior margin of female subgenital plate may be inconspicuous; specimens from the Bodoquena region may have a markedly concave posterior margin in the median region.

Material examined. Brasil: Mato Grosso state: 1 ♂ (Photography)— Matto Grosso, Spencer Moore, 96- 204\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [MNCN_Ent146855]; Mato Grosso do Sul state: 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 20.6597S / 56.6582W, 328 m, 29.X.2013 (Rodrigues, M. & Neto, F.V. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00057]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 20.62511S / 56.67358W, 315 m, 01.XI.2013 (Rodrigues, M. & Neto, F.V. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00059 and MNRJ*]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 20.58936S / 56.63863W, 257 m, 05.XI.2013 (Rodrigues, M. & Neto, F.V. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00014 and MNRJ*]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 20.57756S / 56.62619W, 242 m, 07.XI.2013 (Rodrigues, M. & Neto, F.V. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00061]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 20.51718S / 56.58978W, 163m, 8–9.XI.2013 (Rodrigues, M. & Neto, F.V. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00060 and MNRJ*]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 20.4506S / 56.51065W, 137 m, 10–11.XI.2013 (Rodrigues, M. & Neto, F.V. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00058]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Serra da Bodoquena, Platô (encosta do rio), 30B, 21°08’15.8”S / 56°43’27.1”W, 516 m, IV.2014 (Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil col.)\Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00193]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Serra da Bodoquena, Platô (encosta do rio), 30D, 21°08’15.8”S / 56°43’27.1”W, 516 m, IV.2014 (Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil col.)\Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00173]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Serra da Bodoquena, Platô (encosta do rio), 17D, 21°08’6.0”S / 56°43’26.3”W, 519 m, IV.2014 (Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil col.)\Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00174]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Serra da Bodoquena, Platô (encosta do rio), 26C, 21°08’13.1”S / 56°43’28.4”W, 517 m, IV.2014 (Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil col.)\Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00175]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, As. Canaã, RPPN Cara da Onça, 20°44’25.22”S / 56°44’13.95”W, 152 m, 03.X.2014 (Souza, P.R. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00062]; 14 ♂ and 1 nymph ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, As. Canaã, RPPN Cara da Onça, 20°44’24.1”S / 56°44’13.1”W, 152 m, 05.XI.2014 (Aranda, R. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00010–13, 49–55, 168–170, 181]; 43 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, As. Canaã, RPPN Cara da Onça, 20°44’24.1”S / 56°44’13.1”W, 152 m, 06.XI.2014 (Aranda, R. leg.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00015–48, 56, 162–167, 171, 182]; 3 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, As. Canaã, RPPN Cara da Onça, 20°44’24.1”S / 56°44’13.1”W, 152 m (Pitfall trap), 05–06.XI.2014 (Souza, P.R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00178– 180]; 1 ♂ and 1 nymph ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, Canaã, RPPN Cara da Onça, 20°44’24.1”S / 56°44’13.1”W, 152 m, 07.XI.2014 (Aranda, R. col)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00172, 183]; 2 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, Ass. Campina, 20°34’02”S / 56°43’20”W, 296 m, 11.III.2015 (Olivier, R.S., Aranda, R. & Picheli, K. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00184–186]; 4 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, Faz. Boi Vermelho, Gruta do Clarão, -20.414086/-56.709363, 186 m, 08.II.2016 (Souza, P.R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00415–418]; 3 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena, 27– 28.XI.2015 (Monteiro, U. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00362–364]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Prox. Est. Mimosa , 02–03.XII.2015 (Monteiro, U. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00365, 366]; 3 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bodoquena/Pantanal, Faz. Bela Vista, 19°55’38”S / 57°48’37”W, 106 m, 01.II.2016 (Aranda, R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00410–412]; Lectotype ♂ —Type Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner (handwritten on white paper)\Corumbá\March\ LECTOTYPE Renan Olivier det. 2017 (printed on red paper)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ANSP]; 1 Paralectotype ♂ (Photography)— PARALECTOTYPE (printed on red paper)\Corumbá\March\ Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner (handwritten on white paper)\Carn. Mus. Acc. 2966\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [MNCN_Ent146854]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Parq. Municipal Piraputanga, 19°14’22.90”S / 57°37’20.26”W, 235 m (Arm. Malaise), III.2015 (Campos, M. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00187]; 4 ♂ and 3 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Assentamento São Gabriel, 19°24’54”S / 57°30’56”W, 110 m, 06.XII.2015 (Aranda, R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00403–409]; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Pompeu, 19°24’54”S / 57°30’56”W, 110 m, 07.XII.2015 (Aranda, R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00388, 389]; 13 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, 19°11’54.27”S / 57°38’9.18”W, 255 m, 08.II.2016 (Arrua, B., Gregório, G.C. & Silva, M.H. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00390–402]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ladário, prox. Rio Paraguai, 19°01’16”S / 57°35’11”W, 105 m, 15.V.2014 (Piva, A. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00176, 177]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pantanal Miranda, Morro do Azeite, 19°40’10.43”S / 57°0’17.13”W, 200 m, 18.IX.2015 (Olivier, R.S. Aranda, R. col.)\Citogenética 5\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00359]; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pantanal Miranda, Morro do Azeite, 19°40’10.43”S / 57°0’17.13”W, 200 m, 18.IX.2015 (Olivier, R.S. Aranda, R. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00360, 361]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Miranda, Povoado Salobra, 20°11’42.18”S / 56°30’26.74”W, 115 m, 19.II.2016 (Aranda, R. & Catian, G. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00413, 414].

Bolivia: Dep. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: 2 ♂ — Bolívia, Dep. Santa Cruz, Prov. Germán Busch, Puerto Suarez , próx. a HJVA, 19°00’06.3”S / 57°43’19.7”W, 125 m, 21.IV.2015 (Stefano, I.T. col.)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00188, 189] .

Paraguay: 1 Holotype ♂ (Photography)— Masyntes tigris Burr , Holotypus (C.S. Carbonell, 1966) (handwritten on red paper)\ Masyntes tigris Burr \ Paraguay (Oberthür)\MNCN Cat. Tipos N° 7560 (printed on red paper)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [MNCN_Ent146852]; 1 Paratype ♂ (Photography)— Masyntes tigris Burr , Paratypus (C.S. Carbonell, 1966) (handwritten on red paper)\ Paraguay Central (Oberthür)\MNCN Cat. Tipos N° 7560 (printed on red paper)\ Temnomastax tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [MNCN_Ent 146853]; 1 ♀ (Photography)—P to 14 de Mayo (Currently Karcha Bahlut, near Bahia Negra), G. Boggiani, III–IV.1894\Mus. Civ. Genova\ Temnomastax cf. tigris ( Burr, 1899) , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [MNCN_Ent146857].

Distribution. This species is distributed in the north of Argentina, Paraguay, south of Mato Grosso state and north and west of Mato Grosso do Sul state at altitudes ranging from 110 m to 1100 m ( Figure 30 ). Previous records: Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá; Mato Grosso: Jaciara; Paraguay; Argentina: Province of Salta (Embarcación).

Biological notes. Some specimens were collected on ox carcass found near the Betione River (Pers. Comm. F. Valente, Nov. 2013). Others were observed on sardine baits ( Figure 32A ) and human urine ( Figure 32B ) near the Salobra River (Pers. Comm. P.R. Souza, Oct. 2014). Females were collected on Fabaceae seedlings (Mimosoidea). Figure 33 shows natural specimens from Corumbá (male) (A) and Bodoquena (female) (B).

Remarks. Taxonomy: Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner, 1911 ( Figure 34 ) was synonymized to M. tigris ( Figure 35 ) in 1916 by Bolívar, but its holotype was never designated. Thus, herein we formally designate the lectotype and paralectotype of this species, as follows: Lectotype labeled ‘ Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner. Type\Corumba\March’ ( Figure 34A ); Paralectotype labeled ‘ Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner \Corumba\March\Carn. Mus. Acc. 2966\MNCN_Ent146854’ ( Figure 34B ). Both are well preserved. The first one belongs to the Entomology Collection at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, and the second one belongs to the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. At least one more female of the type-series is not studied here, and it probably belongs to ANSP. For this specimen, Bruner (1911) provides the following data: ‘Chapada, Campo. Oct.’, collected by H. H. Smith. This and other specimens subsequently identified as being of the type-series should be considered as paralectotype (s).

Morphology: As highlighted previously, specimens of T. tigris have some intra-specific variations, according to the region from which they come. Most of these variations are subtle, for example those related to alar venation, male cerci, female subgenital plate and epiphallus. However, the huge variation in the anterior outer margin of endophallic plate is intriguing, because it occurs even among specimens from the same region ( Figure 12I and i ), suggesting that at least for T. tigris this is not a taxonomic character useful for identification, as occurs in the other species of the genus.

Although there are different degrees of variation on distinct parts of the body (external and internal), here we opted to keep all studied specimens as belonging to T. tigris . We believe that the subtle variations are insufficient to split this taxon into two distinct; and regarding to endophallic plate variation, there are several intermediate morphologies, which does not allow distinguishing clearly two isolated groups of specimens.

Something very similar was reported by Domenico (2007) when performing the taxonomic review of Tetanorhynchus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890 (Proscopiidae) . The author suggested that four different species belonging to Tetanorhynchus and Cephalocoema Serville, 1839 , were synonymized with T. humilis Giglio-Tos, 1897 , due to the impossibility of observing a clear external and internal morphological division among the five species.

Habitat: The specimens were collected in two types of vegetation formations. In Bodoquena, they were found on Sub-montane Semideciduous Forest and in a transition between the latter and meadow, and in Corumbá, they were found on Semideciduous Seasonal Forest.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Head of males and females in frontal view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 2 mm (Female E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photo by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 5. Head of males and females in lateral view. Black spot = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Pronotum of males and females in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C— Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Tegmen (uppercase letters) and membranous wings (lowercase letters) of males of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. A—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); E—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Bodoquena region; F—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. Ra—anterior radius; Rp—posterior radius; Sc-cell—formed by the division and posterior union of the subcosta (Sc). Apostropheintraspecific variation. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Abdominal apex of males in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 9. Cercus of male (A–G) and female (H) of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. Columns from left to right show dorsal view, external lateral view, ventral view, and internal lateral view. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B and H—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; G—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Phallic complexes of species belonging to Tigris group. Uppercase letters—dorsal view, lowercase letterslateral view, apostrophe—dorsal view of the posterior region of epiphallus inclined 45° downward. A—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; B—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). MbOrEp—Membranous ornamentation on lateral projections of epiphallus. Scale bar = 1 mm (for dorsal view only).

FIGURE 12. Schematic drawings of the endophallic plate in ventral view (A–I) and endophallus in lateral view (a–h). A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). I and i— Intraspecific variation in the anterior outer margin of the endophallic plate in T. tigris; I—specimens from Corumbá region; ispecimens from Bodoquena region. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Abdominal apex of females in lateral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 14. Abdominal apex of females in dorsal view (cerci, paraprocts, and epiproct). A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio- Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G— Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 1 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 15. Female subgenital plates in ventral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Gilio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 19. Habitus of species belonging to Tigris group. A—Paratype and Allotype of Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; B—Paratype and Allotype of Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899) from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Female A—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 29. Living specimens of Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov. from Alto Paraíso de Goiás City, Goiás state, Brazil, in November 2012. A—male, B—female. (Photography by Adriano Darosci (A) and Gustavo Zaparoli (B)).

FIGURE 30. Distribution map of Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov. (blue triangle), Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899) (black circle) and Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. (red rhombus).

FIGURE 31. Male specimens alive. A—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. from Cera Archaeological Site of UEMS, Aquidauana City, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in December 2017; and B—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 in nature from Estância Sossego, Campo Grande City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in December 2013. (Photography by Andressa Figueiredo (A) and Renan Olivier (B)).

FIGURE 32. Male specimens of Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899) in nature, attracted with baits from the Private Natural Heritage Reserve Cara da Onça, Bodoquena City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in November 2014. A—sardine bait, Bhuman urine. (Photography by Paulo Robson de Souza).

FIGURE 33. Living specimens of Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). A—male specimen from Urucum, Corumbá City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil in March 2013; B—female specimen from Private Natural Heritage Reserve Cara da Onça, Bodoquena City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil in November 2014. (Photographies by Camila Aoki (A) and Paulo Robson de Souza (B)).

FIGURE 34. Male type-specimens of Masyntes brasiliensis Bruner, 1911 (= Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899)). A—male lectotype (belongs to ANSP), B—male paralectotype (belongs to MNCN). Uppercase letters—habitus, lowercase lettersdorsal view. In detail, apex of abdomen in dorsal-axial view. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Photography by Daniela Santos Silva (A) and Mercedes París, MNCN (B)).

FIGURE 35. Male type-specimens of Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). A—male holotype, B—male paratype. Uppercase letters—habitus, lowercase letters—dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Photography by Mercedes París, MNCN).