Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973

Olivier, Renan S., Pujol-Luz, Cristiane V. A. & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2019, Review of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Eumastacidae, Temnomastacinae), Zootaxa 4593 (1), pp. 1-78 : 58-61

Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:39956

Figures 4G , 5G , 6G , 7C , 8G , 9F , 11C , 12G , 13G , 14G , 15G , 19C , 20A and E , 24 and 31B

Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps 1973a: 968 (original description), 968 ( Figures 6 8 –72), 969 (identification key); Olivier 2014: 457 (citation), 460 ( Figure 10 and identification key), 2017: 235 (citation); Olivier & Aranda 2017: 1–12 (geographical distribution analysis), 2018: 268–275 (morphometric analysis).

Type locality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, 100–150 km North of Campo Grande , 21.I.1972, (C. Carbonell, M. Descamps, and R. Ronderos)— holotype ♂, allotype ♀, 4 ♂ and 2 ♀ paratypes .

Depository. Holotype: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.

Etymology. Specific epithet after the Argentine orthopterologist Dr. Ricardos Ronderos (Descamps 1973b).

Diagnosis. Medium (♂  19.76 mm, ♀  24.61 mm). Close to T. tigris , but differs by the narrower head of male in frontal view. Shorter tegmina with 2.0x the pronotum length in males and 1.5x the pronotum length in females. Dorsal edge of male cerci with marked curvature just in the medio-basal region, not as broad as in T. tigris . MbEp circular in dorsal view. Posterior margin of epiphallus with narrower curvature than T. tigris when inclined 45 degrees downward and seen in dorsal view. Posterior margin of female subgenital plate more rounded and with three lobes, two large laterally and one conspicuous centrally.

Redescription. Male. ( Figure 19C ). Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 11.XI.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00071]. Measurements (mm): bd 19.61, pt 2.61, tg 5.55, hf 13.95, ht 14.99.— Head: Narrow in frontal view ( Figure 4G ). Antenna (3.50 mm). Fastigium (0.34 mm). Eyes slightly protruding in frontal view ( Figure 4G ). Frons, clypeus and labrum yellow ( Figure 4G ). Mandibular joints brown. Mandibles yellow with blue maculae laterally. Base of maxillae with black and metallic blue details. Thorax: Pronotum: Slightly sellate, similar to T. otavioi sp. nov. ( Figure 6G ). Posterior margin of pronotal disk rounded ( Figure 6g ). Thoracic sternites yellow. Wings: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.39). Tegmina ellipsoidal; ¾ proximal of costal margin broadly convex and the ¼ distal slightly narrower; reaching the proximal region of the 4 th abdominal tergite (2.0x the pronotum length); Rp arising from Ra in the medio-distal region; M simple, reaching the apex; 1Cu present; 2Cu present, reduced, reaching in the medio-proximal region; 1A and 2A well marked, 3A reduced ( Figure 7C ). Membranous wings with four lobes when extended (remigium + three anal lobes); M arising in the medio-proximal region of R+M with angulation less than 45 degrees; 1Cu and VD parallel, little sinuous; 1A–3A well marked, 4A reduced; 1a and 2a well marked, 3a weakly marked ( Figure 7c ). Legs (Right/Left): Ventral face of protibiae with 7/8 outer spines and 7/6 iner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 2.5x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 7/7 outer spines and 7/6 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/24 inner spines and 23/23 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Posterior-ventral regions of the 9 th and 10 th abdominal tergites as in the Figure 8G . Epiproct broad at the base, lateral margins very folded downward, ⅓ apical definitely trigonal, apex slightly acute ( Figure 8g ). Cerci laterally compressed, medio-basal region of the dorsal edge with marked curvature and medio-apical region clearly narrower in lateral view, apex incurved ( Figure 9F ). Membranous distal area of subgenital plate fusiform horizontally and distinctly rugose; one central carina weakly marked; posterior margin of subgenital plate slightly projected backward in lateral view ( Figure 8G ). Phallic complex: Epiphallus: MbEp circular in dorsal view ( Figure 11C ); posterior more sclerotized margin with narrower curvature than T. tigris when inclined 45 degrees downward and seen in dorsal view ( Figure 11 c’); posterior region with upward curvature in lateral view, but less than T. tigris ( Figure 11c ). Endophallus: Outer margin in the anterior region of endophallic plate trilobed, central lobe acute and lateral ones rounded; inner arc circular; outer margin of branches with marked ripples in the medium anterior region, branches strongly convergent and tips slightly divergent in ventral view ( Figure 12G ); broad ventral curvature in the ¾ posterior in lateral view and the very distinct ripples visible ventrally on the outer margin of branches ( Figure 12g ); spermatophore sac as in the Figure 12g ; ejaculatory sac oblong with rounded distal end, projected backward ( Figure 12g ).

Female ( Figure 19C ). Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ribas do Rio Pardo, 01°04’34.7”S / 53°41’06.1”W, 420 m, 29.IV.2015. (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000132]. Measurements (mm): bd 26.64, pt 3.38 tg 5.16, hf 15.56 ht 16.65.— Head: Subtriangular in frontal view ( Figure 4G ). Antenna (2.97 mm). Fastigium (0.37 mm). Thorax: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.33). Tegmina reaching the proximal region of the 3 rd abdominal tergite (1.5x the pronotum length). Ventral face of protibiae with 7/7 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 2.5x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 7/6 outer spines and 6/6 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/23 inner spines and 25/25 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Posterior-ventral regions of the 8 th abdominal tergite with cuticular striations ( Figure 13G ). Epiproct as in the Figure 14G . Paraprocts reaching the ⅓ distal of epiproct. Cerci with little more than ½ of the epiproct length ( Figure 14G ). Subgenital plate: With a gradient of colors from yellow in the anterior region to brown in the posterior region; lateral regions partially covered by the ventral portions of the 8 th abdominal tergite ( Figure 15G ); posterolateral regions not exceeding the length of the 8 th abdominal tergite in lateral view ( Figure 13G ) and with cuticular striations well marked; posterior margin with two large lateral lobes and one small centrally, fully coated by small and closer spines ( Figure 15G ). Ovipositor as in the Figure 13G . Other characters as in male.

Sexual dimorphism. hf ♀ / hf ♂ 1.07.

Measurements (mm). ♂ (n=55). bd 16.26–22.66 (19.76), pr 2.25–2.87 (2.64), tg 4.39–6.16 (5.43), hf 11.88– 16.87 (14.51), ht 12.30–17.13 (15.28); ♀ (n=7). bd 21.32–26.64 (24.62), pr 2.55–3.38 (2.79), tg 4.71–5.99 (5.28), hf 15.13–16.00 (15.54), ht 16.16–17.40 (16.75).

T. ricardoi (holotype and 4 paratypes ♂). bd?, pr 2.40–2.50, tg 5.20–5.40 (5.30), hf 12.50–13.50 (13.00), ht? (Descamps 1973b);

T. ricardoi (allotype and 2 paratypes ♀). bd?, pr 2.60–2.80, tg 3.90–4.70 (4.20), hf 14.40–15.00 (14.70), ht? (Descamps 1973b).

Intraspecific variation. The longitudinal yellow stripe of pronotal disk may be darkened in the anterior region ( Figure 31B ). When pinned, the pronotal disk of some specimens may exhibit the posterior region with more pronounced curvature in lateral view. Specimens collected north of Mato Grosso do Sul have larger tegmen, reaching the distal portion of the 4 th abdominal tergite. Female tegmen has small variations of length among different localities, reaching from proximal to median regions of the 3 rd abdominal tergite. Tegmen may not have the characteristic sinuosity in the ¾ proximal of costal margin. As such, this margin exhibits uniform curvature, and the distal region of tegmen becomes narrower. The central carina of male subgenital plate becomes more evident in dry specimens. The central lobe in the posterior margin of female subgenital plate may be inconspicuous or absent, so the posterior margin appears to have an almost uniformly convex curvature. Specimens from Campo Grande, Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, and Coxim have the posterior margin of female subgenital plate less projected backward in relation to the 8 th abdominal tergite in lateral view.

Material examined. Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul state: 1 holotype ♂ (Photography)— HOLOTYPE \Muséum Paris, Bresil, M. Descamps rec.\Etat Mato Grosso, 100.150km, N. de Campo Grande, 21.I.1972 \ Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 \MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4774; 1 allotype ♀ (Photography)— ALLOTYPE \Muséum Paris, Bresil, M. Descamps rec.\Etat Mato Grosso a 50km. De Gaucho, 22.I.1972 \ Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 \MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4775; 1 nymph ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’8.83”S / 54°30’16.92”W, 615 m, 9.X.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00063]; 1 nymph ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’8.83”S / 54°30’16.92”W, 615 m, 10.X.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00064]; 4 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 10.XI.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00065–68]; 21 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 11.XI.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00069–89]; 5 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 13.XI.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00090–94]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 14.XI.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00095]; 4 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 14.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00096, 98–100]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’8.83”S / 54°30’16.92”W, 615 m, 14.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\Armadilha suspensa\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00097]; 7 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 15.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT000101, 102, 104–107]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 15.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013\ZUFMSORT000103 [Donated to INPA]; 6 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 16.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT000108,110–112,114, 115]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 16.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013\ZUFMSORT00013 [Donated to UNEMAT]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’8.83”S / 54°30’16.92”W, 615 m, 16.XII.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000109]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’8.83”S / 54°30’16.92”W, 615 m, III.2014 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT000116]; 5 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’8.83”S / 54°30’16.92”W, 615 m, 22.III.2014 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT000117–119]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 15.X.2014 (Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT000120]; 4 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 19.X.2014 (Shibuya, P. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT000121–124]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 30.X.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Shibuya, P. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00421]; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 2 nymphs ♂ and ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 31.X.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Shibuya, P. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00370–375, 471, 472]; 2 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 19 e 21.XII.2015 (Olivier, R. Chamorro, J. & Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00419, 240]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Est. Sossego, 20°29’19.09”S / 54°39’39.06”W, 615 m, 21.XII.2015 (Olivier, R. Chamorro, J. & Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00422]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, próx. Rio Taquari, 18°21’45”S / 54°36’58”W, 309 m, 13.VI.2015 (Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00367]; 3 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, próx. Rio Taquari, 18°21’45”S / 54°36’56”W, 309 m, 13.VI.2015 (Aranda, R. & Chamorro, J. col.)\ T. cf. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00368]; 8 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, próx. Rio Taquari, 18°21’45”S / 54°36’56”W, 309 m, 13–14.VI.2015 (Aranda, R. & Chamorro, J. col.)\ T. cf. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00369]; 1 ♂ and 2 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, Pesq. Cachoeira das Palmeiras II, Próx. Rio Taquari, 18°21’44.85”S / 54°36’52.85”W, 223 m, 6 e 7.XI.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00383, 423, 460]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, Pesq. Cachoeira das Palmeiras II, 18°21’45”S / 54°36’56”W, 223 m, 6.III.2017 (Chamorro, J. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2017 [ZUFMSORT00633]; 6 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, 18°56’13.27”S / 54°54’9.48”W, 364 m, 01.XI.2015 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\Citogenética 16, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00376– 381]; 3 ♂ and 4 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, 18°56’13.27”S / 54°54’9.48”W, 364 m, 01.XI.2015 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00382, 384–386, 424–426]; 8 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ribas do Rio Pardo, Fazenda Santa Fé, 21°04’34.7”S / 53°41’06.1”W, 420 m, 28.IV.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000125, 126]; 1 ♀ and 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ribas do Rio Pardo, Fazenda Santa Fé, 21°03’51.6”S / 53°41’11.7”W, 420 m, 29.IV.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000127, 128]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ribas do Rio Pardo, Fazenda Santa Fé, 21°03’44.9”S / 53°41’03.0”W, 420 m, 29.IV.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000129, 130]; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ribas do Rio Pardo, Fazenda Santa Fé, 21°04’34.7”S / 53°41’06.1”W, 420 m, 29.IV.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000131, 132]; 4 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ribas do Rio Pardo, Fazenda Santa Fé, 21°03’44.9”S / 53°41’03.0”W, 420 m, 30.IV.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT000133]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Porto Murtinho, Fazenda Retiro Conceição, 21°40’58”S / 57°46’39.8”W, XI.2015 (Souza, P.R. col.)\ Temnomastax cf. ricardoi Descamps, 1973 , Olivier, R. det. (2017) [ZUFMSORT00358].

Distribution. This species was recorded only in the central-north region of Mato Grosso do Sul state, at altitudes ranging from 420 m to 615 m ( Figure 24 ). Previous records: Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul: 100–150 km North of Campo Grande.

Biological notes. Many specimens were attracted by baits for small mammals (pumpkin + bacon + cod liver oil) and by objects moistened with sweat. Nymphs were collected on small plants of Anadenanthera falcata ( Figures 20A, E ) and Mimosa hebecarpa (Fabaceae) , and in Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, many individuals were observed where Thelypteris cf. dentata (Thelypteridaceae) [T.R.S. Sinani & R.S. Olivier 460 (CGMS)] is abundant.

Remarks. Habitat: This species occurs mainly in the Cerradão phytophysiognomy; however, it could also be collected in Riparian Forest and in transitions between Riparian Forest and cerrado. The Figure 31B shows an individual in nature.

Abundance: Temnomastax ricardoi is the only species whose population was monitored for about a year in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. The population remained constant throughout the year, with oscillation in the abundance of nymphs and adults occurring at different times. Similarly, Cadena-Castañeda (Pers. Comm. 2014) noticed this in eumastacids from Colombia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Mexico.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Head of males and females in frontal view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 2 mm (Female E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photo by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 5. Head of males and females in lateral view. Black spot = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Pronotum of males and females in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C— Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Tegmen (uppercase letters) and membranous wings (lowercase letters) of males of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. A—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); E—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Bodoquena region; F—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. Ra—anterior radius; Rp—posterior radius; Sc-cell—formed by the division and posterior union of the subcosta (Sc). Apostropheintraspecific variation. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Abdominal apex of males in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 9. Cercus of male (A–G) and female (H) of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. Columns from left to right show dorsal view, external lateral view, ventral view, and internal lateral view. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B and H—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; G—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Phallic complexes of species belonging to Latens group. Uppercase letters—dorsal view, lowercase letterslateral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm (for dorsal view only).

FIGURE 11. Phallic complexes of species belonging to Tigris group. Uppercase letters—dorsal view, lowercase letterslateral view, apostrophe—dorsal view of the posterior region of epiphallus inclined 45° downward. A—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; B—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). MbOrEp—Membranous ornamentation on lateral projections of epiphallus. Scale bar = 1 mm (for dorsal view only).

FIGURE 12. Schematic drawings of the endophallic plate in ventral view (A–I) and endophallus in lateral view (a–h). A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). I and i— Intraspecific variation in the anterior outer margin of the endophallic plate in T. tigris; I—specimens from Corumbá region; ispecimens from Bodoquena region. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Abdominal apex of females in lateral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 14. Abdominal apex of females in dorsal view (cerci, paraprocts, and epiproct). A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio- Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G— Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 1 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 15. Female subgenital plates in ventral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Gilio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 19. Habitus of species belonging to Tigris group. A—Paratype and Allotype of Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; B—Paratype and Allotype of Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899) from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Female A—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 20. Nymphs of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 on host plants (Fabaceae) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A and E—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 on Anadenanthera falcata from Ribas do Rio Pardo City; B, C, and D—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 on Anadenanthera falcata from Terenos City.

FIGURE 24. Distribution map of Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) (black circle), Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov. (blue triangle) and Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 (red quadrate).

FIGURE 31. Male specimens alive. A—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. from Cera Archaeological Site of UEMS, Aquidauana City, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in December 2017; and B—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 in nature from Estância Sossego, Campo Grande City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in December 2013. (Photography by Andressa Figueiredo (A) and Renan Olivier (B)).