Tegella aquilirostris ( O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue, 1923 )

Grischenko, Andrei V., Dick, Matthew H. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, Journal of Natural History 41 (17 - 20), pp. 1047-1161 : 1085-1087

Tegella aquilirostris ( O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue, 1923)

( Figure 14 ) Membranipora aquilirostris O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue 1923, p 170 , Plate 2, Figure 16 . Tegella aquilirostris: O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue 1926, p 83 , Plate 3, Figure 29 ; Osburn 1950, p 83; McCain and Ross 1974, p 13, Figure 26 ; Mawatari and Mawatari 1980, p 92,

Figure 32 ; 1981b, p 46; Dick and Ross 1988, p 42, Plate 3A; Kubanin 1997, p 121; Grischenko 1997, p 159; 2004, p 40; Dick et al. 2005, p 3707, Figure 4E, F .

Membranipora occultata Robertson 1908, p 262 , Plate 14, Figures 6–9 ; not M. occulata Waters, 1887 .

Tegella robertsoni O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue 1926, p 82 .

Tegella robertsonae: Osburn 1950, p 81 , Plate 9, Figure 5 .

Material examined

ACT, four intact colonies (NHM 2006.2.27.42). Additional material: 121 specimens.

Description

Colony unilaminar, encrusting, coherent, subcircular, up to 3.5 cm across, reddish brown in colour when alive. Zooids ( Figure 14A–D ) oval, barrel-shaped, or quadrangular, widest in middle, 0.55–0.80 mm long (0.65¡ 0.07 mm), 0.26–0.40 mm wide (0.35¡ 0.04 mm), closely appressed even when young ( Figure 14A ), with adjoining lateral walls forming a sharp rim. Opesia ( Figure 14B ) oval or rounded-rectangular, 0.33–0.45 mm long (0.39¡ 0.03 mm), 0.21–0.30 mm wide (0.25¡ 0.02 mm), occupying 50–80% of zooidal length. Lateral gymnocyst hidden between adjacent zooids; proximal gymnocyst covered by avicularian chamber. Cryptocyst sloping below mural rim, granulated, extending around entire opesia or absent distally. Usually two spines ( Figure 14D ) around mural rim comprising a straight, hollow tubular spine on one side, at middle of zooid or near proximolateral flange of ovicell, and another finer, curved, acute spine more proximally, arching over opesia on opposite side; young zooids sometimes with a pair of straight spines on each side. Large frontal avicularium ( Figure 14B ), with square or transversely rectangular avicularian chamber, occupies entire proximal gymnocyst, abutting or partly covering ovicell of preceding zooid; rostrum heavily calcified, directed laterally or distolaterally, mandible tilted 45 ° to frontal plane, sometimes extending around proximolateral edge of aperture; mandible triangular, slightly elongate, with acute, hooked tip; rostrum usually hooked upward at tip, in opposite direction to hook of mandible. Ovicell ( Figure 14C, D ) hyperstomial, prominent, imperforate, broader than long, 0.20– 0.26 mm long (0.23¡ 0.02 mm), 0.21–0.31 mm wide (0.26¡ 0.03 mm); endooecium spherical, partly overgrown by ectooecium, margin of which comprises a thick, curved transverse ridge that is often thickened into a blunt median knob; proximal margin of endooecium thickened, continuous with lateral walls; between endooecial and ectooecial margins is a large, transversely lunate tabula covered by ectocyst; laterally within tabula on each side is a deep recess between endooecium and ectooecium. Zooids intercommunicate via four circular or oval multiporous septula in each lateral wall and a crescent-shaped or bilobed zone of pores in distal wall. Ancestrula not observed.

Remarks

Colonies often aggregated, covering considerable areas on benchrock faces and beneath overhangs; those in sheltered microhabitats are often loosely attached, the margin sometimes raised in folds and frills.

Distribution

This is a Boreal Pacific species. In the eastern Pacific there are records from Kodiak Island ( Dick and Ross 1988) southward to Ketchikan ( Dick et al. 2005), British Columbia ( O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue 1923, 1926), Puget Sound ( McCain and Ross 1974), and Santa Barbara, California ( Osburn 1950). In the western Pacific, T. aquilirostris is known from the Commander Islands ( Grischenko 1997, 2004); and from the Kuril Islands, Aniva and Terpeniya Gulfs of southeastern Sakhalin Island, the Sea of Okhotsk, and Primorye in the Sea of Japan ( Kubanin 1997). In Japan, this species has been found at Akkeshi, Kushiro, and Hakodate on Hokkaido, and also at Kominato and Misaki, Pacific coast of Honshu ( Mawatari and Mawatari 1980, 1981b).

Figures

Figure 4. Electra arctica Borg, 1931. ZIRAS 36/50535. Colony on rock collected by A. V. Grischenko, 12 September 1992, Sea of Okhotsk, western Kamchatka shelf (57°36.039N, 156°9.009E), depth 78–81 m. (A) Portion of colony showing anastomosing, narrowly multiserial branches; (B) autozooids and kenozooids; (C) enlargement of autozooids and kenozooids; (D) autozooids with operculum in place and kenozooids with nearly completely closed aperture. Specimen lightly bleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D).

Figure 5. Electra asiatica n. sp. (A, G) NHM 2006.2.27.19; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.20; (C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.21; (E, F) NHM 2006.2.27.24. Colony from Ptichiy Island, Sea of Okhotsk (H). (A, B) Colonies radiating in coherent, fan-shaped lobes from the point of origin, unbleached; (C) colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (D) astogenetically mature zooids, unbleached; (E) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached; (F) astogenetically mature zooids with a small interzooidal kenozooid (lower right quadrant), bleached; (G) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; enlargement of ancestrular area seen in panel (A), unbleached; (H) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C–H).

Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H).

Figure 7. Callopora craticula (Alder, 1856). NHM 2006.2.27.29. (A) General view of colony fragment, unbleached; (B) immature zooids near colony margin, unbleached; (C) mature zooids showing ovicells and associated avicularia, unbleached; (D) group of immature zooids and vicarious avicularium on right, unbleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B–D).

Figure 8. Callopora sarae n. sp. (A, E) NHM 2006.2.27.5; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.3; (C, D, F) NHM 2006.2.27.4. (A) Zooids at colony edge, unbleached; (B) immature zooids with spines, lateral and proximal avicularia, unbleached; (C) immature zooids, showing bases of spines and lateral avicularia, bleached; (D) two immature zooids showing bases of additional spines on outer distolateral gymnocyst, bleached; (E) mature zooids with ovicells and associated avicularia, unbleached; (F) mature zooids with heavily calcified ovicells, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C, E, F); 0.4 mm (D).

Figure 9. Cauloramphus cryptoarmatus n. sp. (A, C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.14; (B, F) NHM 2006.2.27.31; (D) NHM 2006.2.27.13. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) zooids at colony margin in interaction with Cribrilina annulata, showing numerous additional avicularia developing along vertical walls from pore chambers, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) autozooids, showing strongly developed granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) two zooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (F) ancestrula surrounded by periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–D, F); 0.4 mm (E).

Figure 14. Tegella aquilirostris (O’Donoghue and O’Donoghue, 1923). HNM 2006.2.27.42. (A) Developing zooids near colony margin, bleached; (B) immature zooids with large frontal avicularia, bleached; (C) zooids with developing and completed ovicells, bleached; (D) mature zooids, showing ovicells with associated frontal avicularia, and also straight and curved spines, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 16. (A, B) Bugula pacifica Robertson, 1905. NHM 2006.2.27.15. (A) General view of colony fragment, unbleached; (B) zooids, showing distal spinous projections and avicularia, unbleached. (C–F) Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask, 1857). (C) NHM 2006.2.27.48; (D–F) NHM 2006.2.27.49. (C) General view of colony fragment, unbleached; (D) basal surface of branch with kenozooids (rhizoids or radicle fibres), unbleached; (E) internode with immature zooids, unbleached; (F) abraded internode containing mature zooids with ovicells, unbleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, D, F); 2 mm (C); 0.4 mm (E).

Figure 26. Parkermavella orientalis (Androsova and Gontar in Gontar 1982). (A) NHM 2006.2.27.31; (B–E) NHM 2006.2.27.84; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.83. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids; (B) immature zooids; (C) orifice of immature zooid, showing condyles and suboral avicularium; (D) group of mature zooids with ovicells, showing variability in positions of oral avicularia; (E) mature zooids with three oral avicularia; (F) ancestrular region. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D–F); 0.1 mm (C).

Figure 29. Myriozoella plana (Dawson, 1859). (A) NHM 2006.2.27.79; (B–E) NHM 2006.2.27.81; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.82. (A) Differentiating zooids near colony margin; (B) immature zooids; (C) two zooids with developing ovicells; (D) zooids with almost completed ovicell flanked distally by three vicarious avicularia; (E) mature zooids with deeply immersed ovicells; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 32. Cryptosula zavjalovensis Kubanin, 1976. (A–C) NHM 2006.2.27.61; (D) NHM 2006.2.27.60. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids; (B) group of zooids, showing small and large orifices; (C) heavily calcified autozooids; (D) ancestrula and radially arranged periancestrular zooids. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C); 1 mm (D).