Synotis cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Jeffrey & Chen (1984: 319)

Fan, Yu, Zhang, Rui, Guo, Chun-Lan & Tang, Ming, 2022, On the identity of Synotis ionodasys (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) from Yunnan, China, Phytotaxa 545 (2), pp. 207-216 : 212-215

Synotis cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Jeffrey & Chen (1984: 319) .

Senecio cappa Buch.-Ham. ex Don (1825: 179) .

Figs. 1–5 .

TYPE:— NEPAL. Without precise locality, collection date unknown, F. Hamilton s.n. (holotype: BM barcode BM000035557). Fig. 1A .

= Senecio ionodasys Handel-Mazzetti (1937: 637) , syn. nov.

Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Red River from Manpan (Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe ), A. Henry 13302 A (holotype: K barcode K000634653; isotypes: E, IBSC, LE, MO, PE, W). Fig. 2 .

Description:—Subshrubs, rhizomatous. Stems erect, up to 3 m tall, densely lanate or arachnoid-tomentose, rarely glabrescent when old, simple or usually branching above in synflorescences. Leaves shortly petiolate or sometimes subsessile; petiole up to 15 mm long, stout, densely to sparsely whitish, grey-brownish tomentose or rarely purplishsetulose, basally often auriculate; blade broadly to narrowly obovate-oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 10–28 cm long, 4–8 cm broad, papery, abaxially densely to sparsely fulvous pubescent, often whitish, rarely purplish-setulose on veins, and densely to sparsely whitish tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, adaxially shortly densely to sparsely pubescent and sometimes thinly white arachnoid to subglabrous, pinnately veined, lateral veins 12–28, base attenuate, margin finely to coarsely mucronulate-serrate, apically acuminate; upper leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, gradually smaller. Capitula radiate, arranged in terminal and axillary usually 10–20-headed dense compound corymbs or thyrses; peduncles 5–10 mm long, usually densely fulvous tomentose, rarely purplish-setulose, with a few linear or linear-subulate bracteoles. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 5–7 mm long, 3–4 mm broad, calyculate; bracts of linear-lanceolate calyculus 6–8, 3–5 mm long, apically acuminate; phyllaries 8–16, linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, densely tomentose, apically obtuse to acute and puberulent. Ray florets 6–16; corolla tube 2–2.5 mm long; lamina yellow, 2.5–6 mm long, 1–1.5 mm broad, 4-veined, 3-denticulate. Disk florets 11–17; corolla yellow, 4.5–5 mm long, with 3–3.5 mm long tube. Anthers 2–2.5 mm long. Style branches ca. 1.5 mm long. Achenes 2–2.2 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Pappus white, 4.8–5.2 mm long.

Distribution and habitat: — Synotis cappa is widely distributed in southern and eastern Asia in Bhutan, Nepal, northern India, Myanmar, southeastern China, northern Thailand and Vietnam. It often grows at forest margins and in thickets at elevations of 1500–3000 m.

Phenology:—Flowering from October to January; fruiting from December to February.

Additional specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Precise locality unknown: R. E. Cooper 3604 (BM).

CHINA. Guizhou: Anlong, C. Y. Deng 522328140120080LY (GZTM); Bijie, S. Y. Peng et al. 522401161114021LY (GZTM); Xingyi, C. Y. Deng 522301160107944LY (GZTM) . Guangxi: Baise, Huanan Team 1875 (IBSC); Fangchenggang, S. Y. Meng et al. GXGS08 7 (BNU); Guilin, W. T. Tsang 28499 (IBSC); Lingui, C. F. Liang 30946 (IBSC); Longjin, C. T. Li et al. 600518 (IBSC); Longsheng, H. F. Tan 700850 (IBSC); Napo, H. Y. Tan et al. 1984 (PE); Rongshui, S. H. Chen 15353 (IBSC); Shangsi, W. T. Tsang 24598 (IBSC); Xing’an, S. L. Yu 900225 (IBSC). Sichuan: Huili, Anonymous 5635 (E). Tibet: Pangchen, F. Ludlow et al. 7021 (BM); Deyang, H. Sun et al. 1843 (KUN). Yunnan: Baoshan, H. Li 11613 (E), Li Heng 11642 (E); Binchuan, J. Chen 1053 (KUN); Gongshan, K. M. Feng 24414 (KUN), Dulongjiang Exped. 689 (KUN), Gaoligong Shan Biodivers. Surv. 21324 (PE), Huaning, Yu Xi Exped. 903239 (KUN); Jingdong, Z. H Yang et al. 101598 (KUN); Jinhong, Jinghong Exped. 5328010467 (IMDY); Kaiyuan, Y. Tsiang 10382 (IBSC, KUN, LBG, PE, WUK); Kunming, H. K. Teng 117 (KUN); Lushui, H. Li 10201 (E); Malipo, K. M. Feng 14023 (KUN), diandongnan Exped. GBoWS559 (KUN); Mengla, Mengla Exped. 5328231329 (IMDY); Nujiang, Gaoligong Shan Exped. 9887 (E); Pingbian, C. W. Wang 82841 (KUN); Shiping, X. F. Guan 003 (IBSC); Shunnin, C. W. Wang 72066 (IBSC); Songming, P. Y. Chiu 596368 (KUN); Tengchong, Tengchong Exped. 530522151027849LY (IMDY), J. Chen 346 (KUN); Wenshan, H. T. Tsai 51492 (IBSC), H. T. Tsai 51506 (IBSC, IBK); Wuding, G. S. Sin 42 (KUN); Xichou, S. C. Ho 84173 (IBSC); Xundian, Y. P. Chang 857 (IBSC); Yanshan, C. W. Wang 84664 (KUN, PE); Yuanjiang, Yuanjiang Exped. 5304281236 (IMDY); Yunlong, H. Peng et al. 5690 (KUN); Yunxian, T. Y. Zhu 542 (KUN).

INDIA. Sikkim: G. H. Cave s.n. (BM), C. B. Clarke 13635 (BM) ; Ukhrul: F. Kingdon-Ward 18237 (BM), F. Kingdon-Ward 18324 (BM) .

MYANMAR. Kachin: precise locality unknown, F. Kingdon-Ward 21593 (BM) ; Kengtung: C. H. Melville et al. 56 (BM) ; Pang Hoi Hpi: J. F. Rock 2242 (E); Thalou, J. H. Lace 4615 (E) .

NEPAL. Bagang Khola: L. W. Beer et al. 10726 (BM); Bhuji Khola: J. d. A. Stainton 9039 (E); Chiyanglung: J. D. A. Stainton et al. 8577 (E); Chyamtang: L. W. Beer et al. 10712 (BM), L. W. Beer et al. 12242 (BM); Helok: Iladanda, H. Kanai et al. 6306359 (BM); Langtang: J. d. A. Stainton 5169 (BM); Lukuwa: A. H. Norkett 7753 (BM); Lumsum: J. d. A. Stainton et al. 4289 (E); Mayandi khola: G. Miehe 140 (BM); Mayandi: M. Mikage et al. 9682552 (E); Nuwakot: village de Salme, J. Wiart 616 (E); Panchasi: Stainton Sykes & Williams 8942 (E); Phalabang: O. Polunin et al. 5890 (E); Phedi: Ikhua Khola, Croucher 33 (BM); Sankhuwasabha: Choki, Grey-Wilson et al. 4653 (K); Taglung: Tukucha, Kali Gandaki, J. D. A Stainton, W. R. Sykes & L. H. J. Williams 8204 (BM, E); Taplejung: A. H. Norkett 7751 (BM); Terathum: Chauki, D. G. Long et al. 1067 (E); Tilje, J. F. dobremez 690 (BM); Tinjure: S. Joshi SJ2157 (KATH); Wabak Khola: L. W. Beer, 25619 (BM).

THAILAND. Chiangmai: Doi Chieng Dao, Jeffrey 1266 (K), Doi Chiang Dao, K. Bunchuai 1211 (P), Doipui, K. H. Koyama et al. 33617 (KUN), H. P. Nooteboom 641 (K); Lolei: Phu Kradung, M. Tagawa et al. 881 (E), M. Tagawa et al. 476 (E); Maehongson: Mae Hong Son, K. H. Koyama et al. 32626 (KUN).

VIETNAM. Tokin: precise locality unknown, H. Pételot 1738 (P).

Figures

FIGURE 1 Synotis cappa. A. Precise locality unknown, Buchanan, Nepal, F. Hamilton s.n. (BM, holotype of Senecio cappa). B. Precise locality unknown,Nepal, Wall.Cat.3116/226(G, holotype of Sen.densiflorus). C. Precise locality unknown,India, T. Lobb s.n. (K, holotype of Sen. densiflorus var. lobbii). D. Precise locality unknown, Yunnan, China, K. K. Tsoong 2498 (PE, holotype of Sen. tsoongianus).

FIGURE 2 Synotis cappa.A. Red River from Manpan,Yunnan, China, A. Henry 13302 A (K, holotype of Senecio ionodasys). B. Duplicate (E, isotype); C. Duplicate (LE, isotype). D. Duplicate (MO, isotype). The red insets in A and D show close-ups of auricles.

FIGURE 3 Synotis cappa. A. Red River from Manpan, Yunnan, China, A. Henry 13302 B (E). B. Duplicate of A. Henry 13302 B (LE); C. Zhaihou Shan, Yanshan, Yunnan, China, C. W. Wang 84664 (KUN). D. Masangjing, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China, Y. Tsiang 10382 (PE).

FIGURE 4 Synotis cappa from Cangshan, Dali, Yunnan, China.A. Habitat. B. Habit. C and D. Synflorescence.

FIGURE 5 Variation of indumentum on stems (A–E), abaxial leaves (F–J and f–j), and peduncles (K–M), and number of ray florets in Synotis cappa from Cangshan, Dali, Yunnan, China. A–E. Part of stems, note that all with auricles at base of petioles except in C. F–J. Leaves (abaxial view), insets (f–j) show close-ups from F–J, respectively. K–M. Synflorescence (side view). N. Capitula (side view). O. Capitula (top view). Note: images from F–I share the same scale bars as that in J.