Stryphnodendron paniculatum Poeppig&Endlicher(1845:81)

Scalon, Viviane Renata, Paula-Souza, Juliana De, Lima, Alexandre Gibau De & Souza, Vinicius Castro, 2022, A synopsis of the genus Stryphnodendron (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade), Phytotaxa 544 (3), pp. 227-279 : 253-254

22. Stryphnodendron paniculatum Poeppig&Endlicher(1845:81) .

≡ Piptadenia poeppigii Klotzsch ex Bentham(1875: 367) .—Type: BRAZIL. “Crescit in sylvis primaevis flumini Amazonum conterminis circum Ega [Tefé]”, November 1834, Poeppig 2783 (lectotype W 0048790!, designated here, isolectotypes G!, NY!, OXF!, P! W 0048789!)

= Stryphnodendron rizzinianum E.M.O. Martins (1975a: 92) .— Type : BRAZIL. Amazonas , Borba, “Habitat in silva ad flumen Madeira”, 07 November 1935, Ducke s.n. (holotype RB 29044 !, isotypes K!, NY!, OXF!, US!, U!, pro parte). Syn. nov.

Trees 15–26 m tall; branch nectaries. Leaves with 2–3 pairs of pinnae, opposite; 3–4(–5) pairs of leaflets, opposite; petiolar nectary 1, verruciform; leaflets 4.2–10(–12.8) × 2.9–6.5 cm, apex usually apiculate, sometimes acute, margin flat to slightly revolute, slightly undulate, subcoriaceous, discolor, upper surface glabrous, lower surface usually puberule, sometimes sparsely pubescent to pubescent, more densely along the midrib, unilateral tuft of trichomes on lower surface absent. Sinflorescence a pleiothyrsus; cymulae of solitary, geminate to ternate spikes, spike 4–5.5 cm long; spike prophylls late deciduous, ca. 2 mm long. Flowers monoclinous, purplish, anther gland sessile. Fruit a nucoid legume, usually straight, sometimes slightly curved, subturgid, 7–8.5 × 1.3–1.8 cm, valves coriaceous, reddish dark-brown and ferruginous-pulverulent, glabrescent.

Vernacular names: — Tachi-rana, Taxirana or rarely Cumarú .

Nomenclatural note:— Our searches found several duplicates of the collection referred as type of S. paniculatum , and one of the specimens deposited in W was selected as lectotype .

The specimen indicated by Martins (1975a) as the type of S. rizzinianum A. Ducke s.n. (07/XI/1935, RB 29044) has two different collection dates on the label, one referring to the flowering (07/XI/1935) and the other, to the fruiting (05/IV/36) sample, as frequently seen in Ducke´s gatherings. The name is validly published only by the part of the specimen that is coherent with the protologue, in this case, the flowering branch. The isolectotype in NY indicates a collection number 288, but this same number is also used in a Moraceae and should be ignored.

Distribution and habitat: — Stryphnodendron paniculatum is endemic to the Brazilian Amazon, occurring along rivers in areas of non-flooded terra firme forests in Rondônia, Amazonas and Pará states. The species is mostly distributed along the Solimões and Amazonas rivers and occupies the Amazonian territory in its central portion in the east-west direction. It grows in the phytogeographic provinces of Southeast, Western Solimões-Amazônia, Manaus, Xingu-Madeira in the state of Amazonas (Central-Western Amazon) and rarely in the provinces of Jarí-Trombetas and Atlantic-Coastal (Central-Eastern Amazon).

Stryphnodendron paniculatum is reported by Ribeiro et al. (1999) as a species with rare occurrence in the Ducke Forest Reserve (Manaus, Amazonas), in areas of plateau forest (higher areas with well drained clayey soil and poor in nutrients). It´s abundance in the remaining areas is unknown.

Conservation: —Least Concern (LC) [AOO= 40.000 km 2, EOO= 681,799.151 km 2].

Phenology: —Specimens were collected with flowers in February and from August to October, with fruits in May, July and August.

Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, próximo ao Rio Arara , 01 May 1973, fr., A.A. Loureiro s.n. ( INPA 37917 ). Rondônia: Porto Velho, canteiro de obras da UHE Jirau, linha de transmissão Jirau-Porto Velho, 20 October 2010, fl., M.F. Simon 1058 ( CEN) .