Stenopelmatus sallei Saussure

Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, Zootaxa 4917 (1), pp. 1-122 : 76-77

Stenopelmatus sallei Saussure

Sallé’s Jerusalem Cricket

Figs 122–125

1859. Stenopelmatus sallei . Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 210.

1988. Stenopelmatopterus sallei Gorochov. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 67(4): 521.

Lectotype subadult (penultimate or earlier instar?) female here designated ( Fig. 122 ): (1) green Stenopelmatus Sallei Sauss. (2) green 74 (3) red label paratypoid Stenopelmatus sallei Sauss (4) This adult female will be the new lectotype, D.B. Weissman, 5/1999. The species name label in the insect box has the locality “ Mexique ” handwritten in the lower left corner ( Hollier & Heads 2015). Deposited in MHNG Geneva. Measurements in mm: Body length 23.6, hind femur length 11.5, hind femur width 3.9. Both hind leg tibia with 3 outer and 4 inner spines ( Fig. 123 ). Only slight indication of a furrow ( Fig. 124 ). Bilateral subadult wing pads visible in Figs 124 and 125 . John Hollier confirms (pers. comm to DBW February 11, 2020) presence of small hind wings hidden under these fore wing pads. Ovipositor as in Fig. 125 . There is an apparent syntype mid instar female, also in Geneva, and labeled as followed: (1) Stenopelmatus sallei Sss (2) green Stenopelmatus sallei Sauss. (3) 75 (4) red label lectotypus Stenopelmatus sallei Sauss. TH Hubbell. This female with 4 inner and 4 (one small) outer spines on her only hind leg, and with a more definitive furrow than “74”. Hubbell (1960) recommended that specimen “75” be designated the lectotype because even though he thought that “74” was an adult, which she is not, “75” was in better condition and has 4 plus 4 spines, which agrees with the original description. Hollier & Heads (2015) discussed “75” as a male specimen labeled lectotype by Hubbell, but doubted that it is a syntype because only an unspecified number of females were mentioned in the original description. But “75” is a female, and from the number, is contemporaneous ( Hubbell 1960) with “74”, so both should be considered syntypes. Additionally, Saussure & Pictet (1897) clearly illustrate “74” in Biologia Centrali-Americana. As discussed on p. 20, we transfer S. sallei back into Stenopelmatus . We also change the status of S. sallei to nomen dubium (see further discussion under S. sartorianus , p. 91).

Derivation of name. Auguste Sallé (1820-1896) was a French entomologist who made expeditions to the southern United States, Mexico (sensu lato), the West Indies and Venezuela as a young man. He then set up as an insect dealer in Paris and sold specimens to a huge range of naturalists (including Saussure and for the Biologia Centrali-Americana of Godman and Salvin). His personal collection is in the NMHN Paris (information thanks to J. Hollier).

Discussion. The lectotype of S. sallei demonstrates how difficult it has been to determine, using the ovipositor, when a female Stenopelmatus is adult. For instance, Saussure and Saussure & Pictet thought they had an adult when they first described (1859) and then, subsequently (1897), illustrated this species. Hebard (1932) and Strohecker (1945) both correctly realized the subadult status of the syntype series. Hubbell (1960) thought the lectotype was an adult female. Weissman labeled the lectotype, in May, 1999, as an adult. Finally, employing methodology discussed under S. sartorianus (p. 91), and based on the presence of a hind wing pad under the top fore wing pad, it is clear that the lectotype is a mid-late instar which would have long and fully developed tegmina and hind wings once adult. This condition contrasts with the 3 JC taxa ( S. chiapas , S. piceiventris , and S. sanfelipe ) that only have micropterous fore wings as adults and never have a hind wing underneath.

Figures

FIGURE 123. Rear leg tibia showing 3 outer (left photo, right leg) and 4 inner (right photo, left leg) spines in lectotype S. sallei.

FIGURE 124. Lectotype S. sallei showing (left photo) slight furrow (arrow), and obvious (right photo) wing pad (arrow) (Photos J. Hollier).

FIGURE 125. Ovipositor (left photo) late instar lectotype female (“74”) and fore wing pad (arrow, right photo) mid-instar female (“75”). Note less developed pad in female “75” vs female “74” in Fig. 124 (Photos J. Hollier).

FIGURE 122. Lectotype mid-late instar female S. sallei.