Scholvienia bifasciata (Philippi, 1845)

Breure, Abraham S. H. & Avila, Valentin Mogollon, 2016, Synopsis of Central Andean Orthalicoid land snails (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora), excluding Bulimulidae, ZooKeys 588, pp. 1-199 : 60-61

Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Orthalicidae

Scholvienia bifasciata (Philippi, 1845) Figs 57 C–E, 65 C–F, 66

Bulimus bifasciatus Philippi 1845a [1845-1847]: 10, pl. 3 fig. 5.

Bulimus bitaeniatus Nyst 1845: 153. New name for Bulimus bivittatus Philippi, 1845 not Bulinus bivittatus Sowerby I, 1833.

Bulimus bivittatus Philippi 1845 [1845-1847]: 62.

Thaumastus (Scholvienia) bitaeniatus pallida Strebel 1910: 22, pl. 3 figs 29-30; Ramírez et al. 2003: 282.

Thaumastus (Quechua) tetricus Haas 1951: 523, fig. 110; Ramírez et al. 2003: 282. syn. n.

Thaumastus bitaeniatus ; Richardson 1995: 372 (references, synonymy).

Thaumastus tetricus ; Richardson 1995: 385 (references).

Thaumastus (Scholvienia) bifasciatus bifasciatus ; Ramírez et al. 2003: 282.

Thaumastus (Scholvienia) bitaeniatus bitaeniatus ; Ramírez et al. 2003: 282.

Type locality.

[Peru] "sylvae peruanae".

Type material.

Not located.

Additional material.

FMNH 30920, holotype of Thaumastus (Quechua) tetricus Haas, 1951.

Diagnosis.

Shell with straight sides, russet-brown with two yellowish bands (on the last whorl one subsutural, one peripheral), height of aperture 0.4 times shell height or less.

Dimensions.

Shell height 50.1, diameter 24.0 mm.

Distribution.

Peru, Dept. Junín, Chanchamayo valley ( Strebel 1910); ibid., Huacapistana ( Haas 1951).

Ecoregion.

Peruvian Yungas [NT0153].

Remarks.

Philippi wrote a paper describing several new species, one of which was Bulimus bivittatus , which he sent to the Archiv für Naturgeschichte; the publication date of this journal is not stated and, although it was likely earlier, following Art. 21.3 ICZN has to be assumed as 31 December 1845 (Philippi 1845b). A little later he used the same text, supplemented with a correction-" Bulimus bivittatus (ein Schreibfehler für bifasciatus )", thus intended as an author’s emendation-, a commentary and figures, for a part of his ‘Abbildungen’ (Philippi 1845a [1845-1847]: 10); according to Coan and Kabat (2015) this part was published in March 1845. About the same time Nyst published a replacement name for Bulimus bivittatus , viz. Bulimus bitaeniatus ( Nyst 1845: 153); Menke (1845: 95) wrote "Unter dem Postzeichen Löwen (Louvain), 17. April 1845 ist mir eine schätzbare kleine Abhandlung "Description de deux Bulimes nouveaux de la Colombie, par H. Nyst, membre de l’Académie (royale de Bruxelles), als Extrait du tom. XII nr. 3 des Bulletins, von dem verehrlichen Herrn Verf[asser] freundlichst zugesendet worden". From this statement it may be deduced that Nyst’s paper was published early April, and thus Philippi’s Bulimus bifasciatus has priority. We conclude that this name is the first published available name, which has predominantly been used by later authors ( Pfeiffer 1846: 53, Pfeiffer 1848: 199, Albers 1850: 161, Troschel 1852: 1992, Pfeiffer 1853: 425, Adams and Adams 1855 [1854-1858]: 158, Pfeiffer 1856: 148, Hupé 1857: 30, Pfeiffer 1859: 487, Martens in Albers 1860: 193, Martens 1867: 141, Pfeiffer 1868: 132, Hidalgo 1870: 46, Hidalgo 1872: 68, Pfeiffer 1877: 169, Lubomirski 1880: 722, Paetel 1889 [1888-1890]: 208, Ramírez et al. 2003: 282). Nyst’s name has been used by Pilsbry 1895 [1895-1896]: 59, who stated "From present information, it appears that Nyst was the first to change the preoccupied name originally proposed by Philippi"; as we have shown above, this was erroneous. Subsequent authors have followed Pilsbry (viz. E.A. Smith 1904: 4, Strebel 1910: 22, Pilsbry 1932: 391, Haas 1955b: 309, Zilch 1960: 477, Breure 1978: 41, Richardson 1995: 372, Ramírez et al. 2003: 282). Consequently, we are using Philippi’s original name again. Strebel’s forma pallida is a slightly smaller shell than Philippi’s type, but seems to fall within the variation. Thaumastus (Quechua) tetricus Haas, 1951 was described from the same region ("Huacapistana on Rio Tarma, Junin Prov., Peru"), is slightly larger but falls within the variation of Philippi’s taxon. It is now considered a junior subjective synonym (syn. n.).

This species is similar in its external morphology to Scholvienia alutacea (Reeve, 1850), Scholvienia iserni (Philippi, 1867), Scholvienia jelskii (Lubomirski, 1880), and Scholvienia weyrauchi (Pilsbry, 1944). The variation and distribution of these taxa in the wider area around Tarma needs further study, including anatomical and molecular research.