Schizomyia paederiae Elsayed & Tokuda

Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Yukawa, Junichi & Tokuda, Makoto, 2018, A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan, ZooKeys 808, pp. 123-160 : 134

Schizomyia paederiae Elsayed & Tokuda sp. n. Figs 56-62, 63-67; Tables S3

Characters as in S. achyranthesae except for the following:

Etymology.

The species name, paederiae, is based on the generic name of the host plant, Paederia foetida ( Rubiaceae ).

Type material.

Holotype: 1♂ (KUEC): reared from a larva obtained from a flower bud gall on P. foetida , collected from Misawa, Ogori City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, K. Matsunaga leg., emerged between 11-15.viii.2017. Paratypes: All paratypes were reared from flower bud galls on P. foetida in Japan. 11 larvae: collected from Nishinoomote, Nishinoomote City, Kagoshima Prefecture, on 24.ix.2014, K. Ogata leg.; 4 pupal exuviae, 2♂, 7♀: same data as holotype.

Description.

Head (Fig. 56): Compound eyes separated on vertex by a diameter of 0.0-1.5 facets, eye bridge consist of 6-7 facets long. Fronto-clypeus with 11-13 setae (n = 4). Palpus: first segment ca 28.6 μm, second 1.3 times as long as the first, third 1.4 as long as the second, fourth 1.2 as long as the third.Male flagellomeres with deep basal constriction and elongated necks (Fig. 58).

Thorax: Wing (Fig. 59) length 1.16-1.57 mm (n = 5) in female, 1.04-1.36 mm (n = 3) in male. Anepimeral setae 9 or 10 (n = 5); mesanepisternum scales 5-10 (n = 6); lateral scutum setae 23-28 (n = 5). Empodia as long as tarsal claws (Fig. 60). Lengths of leg segments as in Suppl. material 1: Table S3.

Female abdomen (Figs 61, 62): Anterior pair of trichoid sensilla situated medially on abdominal sternites II–VI; sternite VII about 3.4 times as long as preceding sternites. Ovipositor: protrusible needle-like portion about 4.8 times as long as sternite VII.

Male abdomen: Anterior pair of trichoid sensilla situated medially on sternites II–VI and laterally on sternite VIII, sternite VIII with scattered setae. Terminalia (Fig. 63): Gonostylus dorsally with several setae on distal half, with unfused and compressed denticles.

Mature larva: Abdominal segment VIII with 2 setose dorsal papillae. Posterior portion of sternal spatula about 3.3 times as wide as the base of the anterior free portion (Fig. 64); 2 groups of lateral papillae present on all thoracic segments, each consisting of 2 setose and 1 asetose papillae. Terminal segment with 8 terminal papillae, consisting of 4 setose, 2 asetose and 2 corniform ones (Fig. 65).

Pupa (Figs 66, 67): Prothoracic spiracle 230-290 μm long (n = 4).

Distribution.

Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yakushima Island ( Yukawa and Masuda 1996).

Gall and life history.

Schizomyia paederiae induces flower bud galls on P. foetida . Basal parts of the galled flower buds are swollen, 3.0-5.6 mm in diameter and 4.0-6.1 mm in length (Fig. 4) [Gall No. D-037 in Yukawa and Masuda (1996)]. Galls are single-chambered and each gall contains 1-10 larvae. The larvae depart from mature galls from late August to September and overwinter in the soil. The adults of S. paederiae emerge in early August when the flower buds are available on the host plant ( Yukawa and Masuda 1996).

Remarks.

Schizomyia paederiae is distinguishable from other Schizomyia species, except four Russian species, i.e. S. calathidiphaga , S. clematidis , S. spiraeae , and S. veronicastrum , by its deeply constricted male flagellomeres ( Kovalev 1964; Fedotova 2002). Firstly, the adults of S. paederiae differs from S. calathidiphaga by a slightly longer ovipositor (protrusible needle-like portion about 4.8 times as long as sternite VII, while 4.5 times in S. calathidiphaga ), longer empodia (empodia are as long as claws in S. paederiae , but shorter in S. calathidiphaga ), the position of gonostylus tooth (mostly covering only the apical margin in S. paederiae , but on the posteroapical margin in S. calathidiphaga ), and the arrangement of papillae on the larval terminal segment (the two asetose terminal papillae are situated more posteriorly in S. paederiae , while more anteriorly in S. clathidiphaga ). Then, the adults of S. paederiae can be separated from S. clematidis , S. spiraeae and S. veronicastrum by a longer neck of male flagellomere III, which is about 0.25 as long as node in S. paederiae but about 0.15 as long as node in other species, the position of gonostylus tooth (mostly covering the apical margin in S. paederiae , but on the posteroapical margin in the other species), and a much narrower hypoproct than S. clematidis .