Schizanthus pinnatus Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 13. 1798

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

7. Schizanthus pinnatus Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 13. 1798 Fig. 3I-L

Schizanthus pinnatus β? gracilis Benth., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 202. 1846.

Schizanthus gracilis (Benth.) Clos, Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5(2): 153. 1849.

Schizanthus gayanus Phil., Linnaea 30(2): 198. 1859.

Schizanthus latifolius Phil., Linnaea 33(2): 214. 1864.

Eutoca pedunculosa Phil. Anal. Univ. Chile 65: 61. 1884.

Schizanthus humilis Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 118. 1895.

Schizanthus floribundus Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 119. 1895.

Type.

Chile. Unknown: Chili, J. Dombey s.n. (lectotype designated by Grau and Gronbach 1984, pg. 139 [as type]: BM! [BM000992219]).

Taxonomic notes.

This species was described on Ruiz and Pavón (1798) using the samples collected in Chile, during the botanical expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru. The expedition to the Chilean territory was undertaken from 27th January of 1782 until October of 1783 with the participation of Hipólito Ruiz, José Pavón and Joseph Dombey ( Marticorena 1995).

Regarding the type material, the protologue clearly states that the authors of the species had access to material from different collections: " Esquadron " [ Escuadrón] located in the Municipality of Coronel and " Araucanía ", referring to an area they visited. Therefore, the samples matching the protologue should be recognised as syntypes, requiring lectotypification.

We have found 11 herbarium sheets in five herbaria that correspond to this expedition (BM [BM000992219, BM000994723], F [V0126154F], MA [MA 815287, MA 815288, MA 815289], L [L.2881253], P [P00477581, P00477582, P00477583, P00675638]). Most of the sheets mentioned only the country of origin, except for the specimens at MA [MA 815287] and P [P00477583], which mentioned a more detailed locality: " In Coronel juxta Concepcion " and " Concepcion ", respectively. The specimen at MA [MA 815287] gives a date (February) that agrees to the time when the collectors visited the localities mentioned in the protologue. It is also accompanied by the handwritten description and some drawings of the species. This specimen was identified as lectotype by F. Bellot in 1974 but he never appropriately published his findings. Later, the specimen at BM was cited as the lectotype of the species by Grau and Gronbach (1984: 139), as it matches the protologue and what is known about the possible collectors (" Chili, Dombey "). We are not designating any of the additional 10 specimens we have seen as isolectotypes, because the lack of data on their labels does not allow us to verify if any of them are duplicates of the lectotype.

We do not know why Grau and Gronbach (1984) chose the specimen at BM over the sheet at MA, where most of the types by Ruiz and Pavón are deposited ( Stafleu and Cowan 1983). We have examined Turland et al. (2018, Art. 9.19.), without finding valid arguments for replacing the lectotypification made by Grau and Gronbach (1984).

Key characters.

This species has small flowers (16-20 mm long, 14-15 mm wide), with the lower lip a little longer than the upper lip. Corolla colour from purple to white, upper middle lobe oblong, white or pale yellow at the base, this area dotted with dark spots and surrounded by a regular or irregular purple stripe (sometimes absent). The upper lateral lobes also have dark spots, which are sometimes faint.

Distribution.

Endemic to Chile, between the Regions of Valparaíso (Province of San Antonio, 33°35' lat. S) and Los Lagos (Province of Osorno, 40°30' lat. S). 30-2000 m a.s.l.

Habitat.

Schizanthus pinnatus can be found on dry hillsides and alluvial terraces of native forest and matorrals; in some areas it grows under plants of Acacia caven (Molina) Molina ( Fabaceae ). Abundantly in harvested plantation of Pinus radiata D.Don ( Pinaceae ).

Conservation.

Chile. Metropolitana: Altos de Cantillana Natural Sanctuary; O’Higgins: Alto Huemul Natural Sanctuary; Maule: Radal Siete Tazas National Park, Altos de Lircay National Reserve, Bellotos del Melado National Reserve, Cajón del Río Achibueno Natural Sanctuary ( Bravo Monasterio et al. 2014), Humedal de Reloca Natural Sanctuary; Ñuble: Los Huemules de Niblinto National Reserve ( Rodríguez et al. 2008); Araucanía: Nahuelbuta National Park.

Selected specimens examined.

Chile. Valparaíso: [San Antonio Province] Rocas de Santo Domingo, Oct 1956, G. Galingo s.n. (CONC); Metropolitana: [Maipo Province] Cerro Challay, 2 Nov 1993, R. Peña 840 (SGO); O’Higgins: [Cachapoal Province] Rancagua, old road to Termas de Cauquenes S of Río Cachapoal, ca. 12 km E of Hwy. 5 (Panamericana), 34°15'S, 70°45'W, 6 Oct 1993, L.R. Landrum & S.S. Landrum 7900 (ASU); Cocalán (lad. exp. N), coord. UTM 300777E - 6213646N, 197 m a.s.l., 22 Nov 2005, N. García, F. Romero & P. Contreras 2948 (CONC); Ex Laguna de Tagua-Tagua, Valle o Rinconada de Huinca, desde las casas hasta 200 m alt, 10 Nov 1967, M. Muñoz 156 (SGO); [Cardenal Caro Province] El Espinillo, Poza El Encanto (ladera norte), coord. UTM 236051E - 6177258N, 33 m a.s.l., 29 Oct 2005, N. García, F. Romero & P. Contreras 2368 (CONC); Tanumé, Quebrada Honda (ladera exposición norte), coord. UTM 232675E - 6213295N, 262 m a.s.l., 25 Oct 2005, N. García, F. Romero & P. Contreras 2178 (CONC); [Colchagua Province] San Fernando, Fundo Los Alpes, Río Antivero, 26 Nov 1949, T. Gutiérrez 54 (SGO); Yaquil (plano inclinado exp. S), coord. UTM 299844E - 6167762N, 277 m a.s.l., 18 Nov 2005, N. García, F. Romero & P. Contreras 2740 (CONC); Maule: [ Curicó Province] Reserva Nacional Radal Siete Tazas, 35°26'870"S, 71°2'298"W, 803 m a.s.l., 11 Dec 2004, A. Marticorena, A. Jiménez & A. Pauchard 37 (CONC); [Talca Province] Alto de Vilches, Laguna El Alto, a orilla de la laguna, 35°37'S, 71°1'W, 2050 m a.s.l., 31 Jan 2000, V. Finot & P. López 1886 (CONC); Constitución, 19 Oct 1942, R. Silva 224 (SGO); [Linares Province] Tranque Bullileo, 600 m a.s.l., 11 Jan 1952, P. Aravena 67 (SGO, US); [Cauquenes Province] Santuario Reloca, 35°39'S, 72°35'W, 40 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1999, M.T.K. Arroyo, J. Armesto, A.M. Humaña, F. Pérez, D. Rougier & R. Guevara 992712 (CONC); Ñuble: [ Diguillín Province] Palomares, 36°34'4.23"S, 72°36'34.69"W, 57 m a.s.l., Nov 2008, A. Marticorena s.n. (CONC); Río Chillán, 36°38'S, 72°4'W, 120 m a.s.l., 2 Dec 2008, N. García 4332 (CONC); [Itata Province] Huechupín, Mar 1864, M. de Solís s.n. (SGO); Biobío: [ Concepción Province], San Pedro, 18 Dec 1960, C.S. Takayama s.n. (CONC); [ Biobío Province] Antuco, 21 Dec 1964, G. Montero s.n. (CONC); Los Ángeles, Antuco, 21 Dec 1964, G. Montero 7052 (IND); Nacimiento, Fundo El Tambillo, 12 Nov 1950, A. Pfister s.n. (CONC); [Arauco Province] Laraquete, 15 Dec 1950, A. Pfister & M. Ricardi s.n. (CONC); Arauco, Dec 1927, Bro. Claude-Joseph 5613 (US); Araucanía: [Malleco Province] Mininco, 10 Nov 1953, H. Gunckel 2285 (CONC); Fuera del Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 1 Dec 1987, I. Meza & E. Barrera 1651 (SGO); Fundo Solano, Los Alpes, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, 1200 m a.s.l., 18 Jan 1958, W.J. Eyerdam 10347 (US); [ Cautín Province] Pucón - Lago Villarrica, Feb 1935, A. Pfister s.n. (CONC); Los Ríos: [Valdivia Province] Quinchilca, 70 m a.s.l., 20 Jan 1942, A. Hollermayer 557 (SGO); Puñire [Panguipulli], ca. 200 m a.s.l., Feb 1925, A. Hollermayer 694 (CONC, E, F, L, SI, US); [Del Ranco Province] Daglipulli, Feb 1835, C. Gay 176 (P); Los Lagos: [Osorno Province] In sepiis rarissimus Osorno, Mar 1835, C. Gay 177 (P); Ad flumen Pilmaiquen, D. Cueto s.n. (SGO).

Figures

Figure 3. A distribution of Schizanthus alpestris B examples of S. alpestris in Cuesta Pajonales C Cordillera El Melon D Las Chinchillas National Reserve E distribution of Schizanthus laetus F examples of S. laetus in Quebrada Los Yales G Quebrada Peralito H Taltal I distribution of Schizanthus pinnatus J illustration of S. pinnatus published with the description of the species (Ruiz and Pavon 1798) K examples of S. pinnatus on road from Los Angeles to Antuco L Cerro Poqui. Photos by A Moreira-Munoz (B-D), M. T. Eyzaguirre (F, G, L), M. Aldunate (H), S. Moreira (K).