Rhynocoris Hahn, 1833

Ghahari, Hassan, Moulet, Pierre, Cai, Wanzhi & Karimi, Javad, 2013, An annotated catalog of the Iranian Reduvioidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha), Zootaxa 3718 (3), pp. 201-238 : 209-211

Genus Rhynocoris Hahn, 1833

Rhynocoris abramovii (Oshanin, 1871)

Reduvius abramovi Oshanin, 1871: 207 .

Distribution in Iran. Lorestan (Dispons & Villiers 1967).

Distribution outside Iran. Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Comments. Dispons (1970) mentioned this species in Iraq but this record seems doubtful according to Putshkov & Putshkov (1996). The presence of this species in Iran needs confirmation.

Rhynocoris annulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Cimex annulatus Linnaeus, 1758: 447 (as new species); Zelus annulatus Blanchard, 1840: 102 ; Reduvius zandicus Schouteden, 1929: 253 ; Rhynocoris annulatus var. nigripes Mancini, 1952: 57 ; Rhinocoris annulatus f. mancinii Stichel in Stichel & Dispons, 1959: 125 (new name for a. var. nigripes ); Rhinocoris annulatus hilaris Dispons, 1968: 12 ; Rhinocoris annulatus vasconicus Dispons, 1968: 13 ; Rhinocoris annulatus wastinensis Dispons, 1968: 13 .

Distribution in Iran. West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2009a; Sakenin et al. 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Euro-Siberian (known from East of Ural Mts.) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. Rhynocoris annulatus lives in open forests with few trees and in fields nearby; often nymphs and adults are found on the ground under Verbascum and Thymus . In Europe, R. annulatus feeds on small heteropterans, caterpillars, and larvae of several coleopterans. Eggs sometime are destroyed by proctoturid wasps (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Rhynocoris dauricus (Kiritshenko, 1926)

Rhinocoris (Oncauchenius) dauricus Kiritshenko, 1926: 333 (as new species); Rhinocoris solifer Dispons, 1968: 14 .

Distribution in Iran. Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008).

Distribution outside Iran. Asia east of Yenissey River ( China, eastern Russia, Mongolia).

Rhynocoris flavolimbatus (Jakovlev, 1889)

Harpactor flavolimbatus Jakovelv, 1889: 341 (as new species); Rhinocoris flavolimbatus f. descampsi Dispons & Viliers, 1967: 1069.

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil, East Azarbaijan (Dispons & Villiers 1967, Putshkov & Pluot-Sigwalt 2008 as R. flavolimbatus f. descampsi and nominotypical form), Golestan, Mazandaran (Ghahari et al. 2008a, 2011b), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Asian Turkey and Transcaucasia. Cited also from Syria but these data may concern southern Turkey (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Comments. In rice fields and on Portulaca oleraceae (Portulacaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a), and in cotton fields and on Malva silvestris (Malvaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2011b).

Rhynocoris ibericus Kolenati, 1857

Rhinocoris ibericus Kolenati, 1857: 461 (as new species); Rhinocoris morio Kolenati, 1857: 461 non Germar, 1838; Reduvius (Harpiscus) kolenatii Reuter, 1881: 187 (new name for Rh. morio Kolenati ).

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil (new data—P. Putshkov’s collection), East Azarbaijan (NHMG: Eckerlein’s collection; Ghahari et al. 2011b), Fars (Hoberlandt 1959; Ghahari et al. 2011b), Golestan (Heiss 2002), Khorasan (Modarres Awal 1997b; Rahimi et al. 2010a), Mazandaran (Kiritshenko 1966; Heiss 2002; Ghahari et al. 2008a, 2011b), Tehran (Lindberg 1938; Kiritshenko 1966; Heiss 2002), northern Iran (without precise locality) (Jakovlev 1877), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Ponto-Mediterranean and Central Asia from Greece to Turkmenistan (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. In rice fields and on Rubus hyrcanus (Rosaceae) , Ziziphus spina-christi (Rhamnanceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a), in cotton fields, and on Trifolium pratensis (Fabaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2011b). Rhynocoris ibericus has been found up to 2000 m on various herbs (particularly Astragalus ( Fabaceae )); it feeds on several butterflies and caterpillars (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Rhynocoris iracundus (Poda, 1761)

Cimex iracundus Poda, 1761: 58 (as new species); Cimex sanguineus Schrank, 1776: 58 ; Reduvius cruentus Fabricius, 1787: 310 ; Cimex monspelliensis Gmelin, 1790: 2198 ; Rhinocoris caucasicus Kolenati, 1857: 462 ; Rhinocoris rubricus var. interruptus Kolenati, 1857: 462 ; Rhinocoris rubricus var. nigripes Kolenati, 1857: 462 ; Rhinocoris rubricus var. pictus Kolenati, 1857: 462 ; Harpactor rubricoxa Bergroth, 1890: 56 ; Harpactor monticola var. jucundus Horváth, 1891: 80 ; Harpactor geniculatus Jakovlev, 1904: 94 ; Rhinocoris iracundus amabilis Stichel in Dispons & Stichel, 1959: 132; Rhinocoris iracundus amabilis f. armeniaca Stichel in Dispons & Stichel, 1959: 132; Rhynocoris hieropolitanus Dispons, 1964: 90 ; Rhynocoris ocreatus Dispons, 1964: 100 ; Rhinocoris iracundus nigripes f. safavii Dispons & Villiers, 1967: 1070; Rhinocoris iracundus f. rhodantis Dispons, 1968: 13; Rhinocoris iracundus f. soosi Benedek, 1969: 481; Rhinocoris iracundus f. hoberlandti Benedek, 1969: 482; Rhinocoris iracundus f. rubra Benedek, 1969: 482.

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil (Ghahari et al. 2010a; Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars (new data—NHMG: Eckerlein’s collection as var. rubricoxa ), Golestan (Bergroth 1890; Kiritshenko 1949; Seidenstücker 1957), Guilan (Seidenstücker 1957; Rezaei et al. 2006; Sakenin et al. 2009), Khorasan (Modarres Awal 1997b; Rahimi et al. 2010a, c, as R. rubricoxa ), Kordestan (Sakenin et al. 2010), Mazandaran (Dispons & Villiers 1967, Putshkov & Pluot-Sigwalt 2008 as R. iracundus nigripes and as R. iracundus nigripes f. safavii; Ghahari et al. 2008a, b, 2009b; Sakenin et al. 2009), Tehran (Kiritshenko 1949, 1966, Modarres Awal 1997c), Iran (without precise locality) (Yarmand et al. 2002; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Euro-Asian, not beyond 55° North (cited from Iberian Peninsula but often these records concern Rh. cuspidatus ) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. In rice fields and on Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) , Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae) , and Malva silvestris (Malvaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a); also on Corchorus olitorius (Tilliaceae) , and Polygonum convolvulus (Polygonaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a). A very variable species; many of these variations have been considered formerly as local subspecies. It predates on Hyphantria cunea (Drury) ( Lepidoptera : Arctiidae ) (Rezaei et al. 2006). Rhynocoris iracundus lives in steppes and open forest, often on herbs or little trees or shrubs; it feeds upon pollinator insects of various families of Coleoptera , Hymenoptera , and Lepidoptera (Putshkov & Moulet 2010) . This species is widely distributed in Iran and we have studied several material from different regions of the country.