Pyrrhalta igai Kimoto, 1981

Lee, Chi-Feng & Bezdek, Jan, 2021, Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei, ZooKeys 1039, pp. 1-108 : 1

Pyrrhalta igai Kimoto, 1981 Figs 17C, D , 18A-C , 19

Pyrrhalta igai Kimoto, 1981: 1; Kimoto 1989a: 248 (additional records); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 56 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 373; Beenen 2010: 452 (catalogue); Xue and Yang 2010: 124 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 117 (catalogue).

Types.

Holotype ♂ (OMNH): "MUSHA [霧社] / FORMOSA / 25.V.1970 / A. RIN [p, y] // HOLOTYPE [p, r] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta igai / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PHOTO [p, r]". Paratype. 1♂ (KMNH): "Mt. Shitoushan [獅頭山] / Miaoli Hsien / Taiwan / 3.VI.1976 / H. Makihara leg. [p, w] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta igai / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b]".

Other material.

Taiwan. Hsinchu: 1♂ (TARI), Talu trail (大鹿林道), 12.V.2018, leg. Y.-L. Lin ; Kaohsiung: 3♂ (TARI), Neiyingshan (內英山), 5.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo ; 1♀ (KMNH), Shyk Shan (石山), near Liu Kui (六龜), 28.VI.1986, leg. K. Baba, det. S. Kimoto , 1989; 3♂ (TARI), Tengchih (藤枝), 4.VII.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♂ (TARI), 2.V.2015, leg. J.-C. Chen; Pingtung: 3♂, 7♀ (TARI), Machia (瑪家), 25.V.2016, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 1♂, 5♀ (TARI), Peitawushan (北大武山), 28.V.2014, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 13.VI.2015, leg. W.-C. Liao ; Taitung: 1♂, 2♀ (TARI), Litao (利稻), 23.IV.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 4♂, 5♀ (TARI), Wulu (霧鹿), 18.IV.2011, leg. C.-F. Lee ; 5♂, 3♀ (TARI), same locality, 21-27.IV.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♂, 8♀ (TARI), same locality, 22.V.2011, leg. C.-F. Lee ; Taoyuan: 2♀ (TARI), Paling (巴陵), 3-5.V.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan ; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 26.V.2014, leg. M.-H. Tsou.

Redescription.

Length 8.1-8.5 mm, width 4.0-4.5 mm. Body brown (Fig. 18A-C ); antennae and legs black. Eyes small, interocular space 3.20-3.33 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 19A ), gradually broadened from antennomere V to X, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 3.0: 2.1: 2.3: 2.3: 2.6: 2.3: 2.1: 2.2: 2.0: 1.8: 2.5; similar in females (Fig. 19B ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.6: 2.1: 2.0: 2.0: 2.2: 1.8: 1.8: 1.7: 1.7: 1.5: 2.3. Pronotum and elytra convex. Pronotum 2.4-2.5 × wider than long, disc with reticulate microsculpture; with extremely dense, coarse punctures, and long pubescence; with transverse ridge along apical margin deflexed at antero-lateral angles, ridge smooth, lacking pubescence but with sparse punctures; with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins moderately rounded, widest in apical 1/3, apical and basal margins slightly concave; anterior and posterior setiferous punctures slightly erect. Elytra broad, parallel-sided, 1.4-1.5 × longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture, with dense, coarse punctures, and short pubescence. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg absent and tarsomere I not modified in males. Aedeagus (Fig. 19C, D ) slender in dorsal view, 6.8 × longer than wide, broadest at base, asymmetric, apically narrowed, curved at apical 1/5, apex acute; ostium obliquely longitudinal, not covered by a membrane; strongly curved near base in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded; primary endophallic sclerites elongate, 0.5 × as long as aedeagus, with three teeth at apex. Only apices of gonocoxae (Fig. 19I ) sclerotized, longitudinal, with dense, long, setae along lateral and apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 19E ) well sclerotized, with dense, long setae laterally, apical area, and along apical margin, spiculum long. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 19F ) very swollen; pump long and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V with one pair of rounded ridges at middle, slightly concave between ridges in males (Fig. 19G ) and females (Fig. 19H ).

Remarks.

Adults of P. igai Kimoto are similar to those of Pyrrhalta meihuai sp. nov. in body sizes and color patterns (Fig. 17D, F ), but differ by the rough pronotum and elytra covered with reticulate microsculpture (shining and smooth pronotum and elytra in P. meihuai sp. nov.). In males of P. igai , the single endophallic sclerites (Fig. 19C ) are shared with those of P. meifena (Fig. 20C ), and the aedeagus is characterized by its asymmetrical shape (lanceolate shape in others of the species group (Figs 16C , 20C , 22C ).

Host plant.

Larvae and adults feed on leaves of Acer albopurpurascens Hayata ( Sapindaceae ).

Biology.

The first author and Mr Mei-Hua Tsou found larvae feeding on leaves (Fig. 17C ) March 29, 2009 in Wulu, Southeast Taiwan. They were transferred to the laboratory for rearing. mature larvae began to burrow into soil March 30, and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage was 19-23 days. adults (Fig. 17D ) appeared in spring and summer.

Remarks.

The collecting data of the label on the holotype is inconsistent with Kimoto (1981) probably because of typos.

Distribution.

The species is widespread at mid-altitudes (1,500-2,500 m) in Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 16. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta alishanensis sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I gonocoxae.

Figure 17. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta alishanensis sp. nov., P. igai Kimoto, and P. meihuai sp. nov. on host plant A mature larva of P. alishanensis sp. nov. B adult of P. alishanensis sp. nov. C mature larva of P. igai D adult of P. igai E mature larva of P. meihuai sp. nov. F adult of P. meihuai sp. nov.

Figure 18. Habitus of Pyrrhalta igai Kimoto and P. meihuai sp. nov. A P. igai, female, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. meihuai sp. nov., female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view.

Figure 19. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta igai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I gonocoxae.

Figure 20. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta meifena Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I gonocoxae.

Figure 22. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta meihuai sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F gonocoxae G spermatheca H abdominal ventrite V, female I abdominal ventrite V, male.