Punargentus lamna lamna ( Thieme, 1904 ) (Argyrophorus)

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 61-62

Punargentus lamna lamna ( Thieme, 1904) (Argyrophorus)

( Figs. 11 A; 20A–C; 29)

Holotype: (male) MFN, Berlin? (not examined)

Type location: Bolivia, “from high altitude”

Subspecies:

Punargentus lamna cuzcoensis ( Cerdeña & Pyrcz, 2014) n. comb. ( Argyrophorus ) Holotype (male) MUSM Lima (photo examined, see Fig.) Type location: Peru, Cusco, Chumbavilcas, ca. Cilloroya, 14°29’04”S 71°49’15”W, 4300m, 5–11 June 2013, leg. Jose Cerdeña Other combinations:

Argyrophorus lamna —D’Abrera (1988, p. 799); Pyrcz & Wojtusiak (2010)

Distribution. Found in Peru from Ancash Province southward along the Andes mountains into Huancayo and Cusco Provinces from July to September at elevations above 4000m ,, possibly as early as late May, and in Chile in eastern Antofagasta Province in December at 2200 to 3900m ( Fig. 29). Type specimen is from an unspecified location in Bolivia.

Diagnosis. Somewhat resembles Argyrophorus argenteus , but with the silver dorsal side of the forewings bordered in chocolate to dark chocolate brown and with the hindwings entirely brown. Wings lack silver on the ventral side and forewings lack the red patch over the discal cell. Ventral side more closely resembles P. blanchardii , but without white scales on the hindwing and with an unpupillated ocellus in between M1-M2 and M2-M3 instead of a single unipupillate ocellus that spans both cells. Antennae of P. lamna terminate in a spatulate club and males are without androconia. Male genitalia somewhat resemble those of P. blanchardii , but with the distal end of the valvae more triangular and the uncus shorter.

Redescription. Head: Antennae 9–11mm, the proximal half white with chocolate scales at the joints and the distal half chocolate brown with a longitudinal stripe of white scales, and terminating in a spatulate club. Eyes oval and naked, length approximately 1.3X the width. Palps almost entirely white with the terminal segment tan and the ventral side piliform scales in white, tan, and chocolate to dark chocolate. Terminal palp segment oval and about one-fourth the length of the second segment.

Thorax with dark coffee scales and piliform scales in white and chocolate to dark chocolate. Males with clublike unsegmented foreleg tarsi. Females unavailable for study. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of amber spines on the tibia and tarsus.

Forewing ( Fig. 11 A): Wingspan 26–32mm. Termen slightly convex and the distal end of the discal cell widely U-shaped. Males without visible androconia. Fringe scales in chocolate brown. Dorsal side silver bordered in chocolate to dark chocolate brown along the termen. Ventral side chocolate to dark chocolate brown with a patch of white at the apex along the costa and over the radials. A ripple pattern appears as dark coffee striations along the costa and subterminal band, sometimes sparsely over the entire wing. Postmedian band appears as a series of dark coffee chevrons in each cell along the postmedian and subterminal borders from the costa to M3, but may extend to the inner margin. A streak of daffodil yellow appears parallel to the veins between these chevrons in each cell between R5 and M3 and occasionally between M3-CuA1 and CuA1-CuA2. A round, black, unpupillated ocellus appears between M1-M2 and M2-M3, sometimes between R5-M1, and occasionally between M3-CuA1 and CuA1-CuA2.

Hindwing ( Fig. 11 A): Wing oval, termen convex and entire. Fringe scales are as in the forewing and long piliform scales appear at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median and toward the inner margin Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate brown. Ventral side taupe to chocolate with a ripple pattern in dark chocolate to dark coffee over the entire wing. A dark chocolate to dark coffee scalloped line appears through the center of the discal cell. The postmedian band appears as a series of chevrons and dashes perpendicular to the veins in each cell between the costa and the inner margin. In each cell, these chevrons frame a white to daffodil yellow dash parallel to the veins and in each cell between Rs and CuA2, a small, black, unpupillated ocellus appears at the center of this dash. Termen is bordered in dark coffee to black and veins may be highlighted in white to grey.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 20 A–C): Uncus about the same length as the tegumen and widest at the median, narrowing gradually toward where it joins the tegumen to an acute distal end that hooks slightly toward the valvae. Gnathos wide, acute, and a little less than half the length of the uncus. Pedunculus long, narrower at the base than at the median, and terminating in a U-shape. Valvae widest at the median, narrowing gradually toward the distal end to a deltoid terminus and abruptly toward the proximal end to about t2/ 5X the width. Aedeagus nearly even in width throughout with a U-shaped terminus at the proximal end.

Specimens examined. Peru, Junín Province, (CUIC) 2 males

Figures

FIGURE 11. Composite habitus images of Punargentus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Punargentus lamna (Thieme, 1904) male (MZUJ); B: Punargentus angusta picota (Fuchs, 1954) male, Pampa Galeras, Ayacucho, Peru, 4200 m (photo reproduced from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access); C: Punargentus blanchardii blanchardii (Pyrcz & Wojtusiak, 2010) n. comb. holotype male (photo reproduced from Pyrcz & Wojtusiak, 2010, open access); D: Punargentus monticolens (Butler, 1881) n. comb. male (MZUJ); E, F: Punargentus gustavi (Staudinger, 1898) n. comb., two specimens from Tacna Prov., Peru showing variability in the degree of silver scaling on the dorsal surface (photos reproduced from Cerdeña et al., 2014, open access); G, H: Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830) n. comb. male (G) and female (H) (MZUJ).

FIGURE 20. Male genitalia of Punargentus and Stuardosatyrus species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All drawings to the same scale. A – C: Punargentus lamna (Thieme, 1904) (CUIC) (uncus (A) and right valva (C) damaged); D – F: Punargentus chiliensis chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830) n. comb. (CH 32 - 2) showing ornamentation on the aedeagus (E); G – I: Punargentus monticolens (Butler, 1881) n. comb. (CH 24 A- 5); J – L: Stuardosatyrus williamsianus (Butler, 1868) (JMC 1003), showing ornamentation on the aedeagus (K).