Pugilina morio (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abbate, Daniel & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2015, Review of Pugilina from the Atlantic, with description of a new species from Brazil (Neogastropoda, Melongenidae), African Invertebrates 56 (3), pp. 559-559 : 565-569

Pugilina morio (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figs 4, 5 , 7, 9 , 34–36, 38–44

Ancient synonymy see Dautzenberg (1921: 112–117). Complement:

Murex morio Linnaeus, 1758: 753 ; 1767: 1221; Hanley, 1855: 300.

Fusus brevis MÜller, 1766 (pl. 11, fig. 4) [non­binominal].

Fusus morio: Röding 1798: 120 .

Fusus aethiops Röding, 1798: 120 .

Fusus deplanatus Röding, 1798: 121 .

Fusus coronatus Lamarck, 1803: 321 ; 1816: 7 (pl. 430, fig. 4); DeshaYes, 1832: 156.

Neptunea aethiops Link, 1807: 118 .

Murex bandarius PerrY, 1811 (pl. 1, fig. 5).

Murex bandatus PerrY, 1811 (pl. 1, fig. 4).

Pugilina fasciata Schumacher, 1817: 216 .

Pyrula morio: Reeve 1847 (pl. 1, fig 3).

Melongena morio: TrYon 1881: 111 (pl. 43, figs 228–229).

Semifusus morio: Dautzenberg 1910: 204 .

Melongena (Pugilina) morio: Dautzenberg 1921: 112 .

Pugilina morio: Clench & Turner 1956: 185–186 (partim); Rios 1970: 93, 1985: 104 (partim), 1994: 131 (partim), 2009: 247 (partim); Abbott 1974: 221 (partim) (Fig. 2439); Bodin et al. 2013: 150–157. Type locality: Gorée Island, Senegal (SD by Clench & Turner, 1956: 185).

Diagnosis: Shell with delicate spiral sculpture on the body whorl and internal surface of the outer lip and short siphonal canal. The species showed a conchological uniformity, exhibiting onlY non­shouldered shells. Gill large with rounded filaments, pallial oviduct with bursa copulatrix. Cephalic region with small neck, with two small dorsal tentacles on distal end. Rachidian tooth with three pointed similar-sized cusps. Penis apical papilla absent.

Measurements. 80 mm avg.

Shell ( Figs 4, 5 ). Fusiform approximately 3× as long as wide, with ~8 convex whorls. Protoconch not observed (eroded). Sculpture consisting of spiral cords along entire surface and rounded nodules along middle level of whorls. Spire angle ~60°. Aperture elliptical, length ~¼ of shell length, width ~3⁄5 of shell width, without prominent shoulder. Anal notch well defined, located at posterior end of aperture.

Head-foot ( Figs 34 , 40 ). Live animal not visualised, fixed animal dark beige. Mantle thick, covering ~⅔ of animal length, leaving cephalic region and part of penis exposed in males. Siphon large, muscular, located on the left, length ~½ of head­foot length. Cephalic region with small neck, with two small dorsal tentacles on distal end.

Operculum ( Fig. 9 ). Similar to P. tupiniquim .

Mantle organs ( Figs 36 , 41, 43 ). Siphon general morphology similar to that of P. tupiniquim , differing bY being longer (length ½ of mantle cavitY length). Osphradium length ~1⁄6 of pallial cavitY length and width ~¼ its width. Osphradial filaments short, width ~1⁄6 mantle edge width. Fold between gill and osphradium absent. Ctenidial vein thin (efferent branchial vessel), uniformly narrow throughout its length. Gill elongated and voluminous, occupying ~90% of pallial cavity length and ¼ of its width. Anterior end of gill rounded, graduallY ending, inserted directlY into pallial cavitY. Gill filaments rounded, occupying ~1⁄5 of pallial cavitY height; right and left edge of filament rounded. Space between gill and pallial organs size similar to gill filament length. HYpobranchial gland dark brown, thick, with uniform surface, covering half the length of the space between the gill and right pallial organs. General morphology of right side of the pallial cavity similar to P. tupiniquim , entirelY filled bY gonoducts. Rectum thick, about half the diameter of the pallial oviduct. Anus siphoned and peduncled, distance between anus and border of mantle ~⅓ of total pallial cavitY length.

Visceral mass. Similar to visceral mass of P. tupiniquim .

Circulatory and excretory systems ( Fig. 36 ). Characters and topology similar to P. tupiniquim . Aortas very thin, with similar calibre; connection between ventricle and common aorta with dilated, bulb-shaped region.

Digestive system ( Figs 35, 38 , 40, 42 ). Mouth transverse presenting a pointed papilla on its anterior end. Proboscis thin and medium­sized, occupYing ~⅓ of haemocoel. Rhynchodeal wall and retractor muscles of proboscis similar to those of P. tupiniquim . Odontophore and buccal mass muscles mj to m11 and subradular membrane very similar to those described for previous species. Only exception is the odontophore cartilage (oc), with ⅓ of anterior end fused.

Radular teeth ( Fig. 7 ). Rachidian tooth width ~⅓ of radula width; with three pointed, similar-sized cusps, each cusp as long as base width; outer cusps slightly arched externally; lateral teeth similar to those of P. tupiniquim . Anterior and middle oesophagus similar to previous species except for length, about 2.5× length of anterior oesophagus; posterior oesophagus length ~90 % of total haemocoel length, tapering posteriorly; anterior end rounded and very expanded, about 3× larger in diameter than posterior end. Stomach similar to previous species.

Genital system. Male ( Fig. 44 ). Seminal vesicle and vas deferens similar to P. tupiniquim in anatomical features and location. Penis cYlindrical, length ~⅓ of total head­foot length, base curved, apical region rounded, narrower than base. Apical papilla absent. Penial duct straight, running through centre of penis, closed (tubular); opening located in concavity on left side of apical region.

Female ( Fig. 39 ). Pallial oviduct occupYing ~⅓ of pallial cavitY length and ~¼ of its width.Albumen gland posterior, spherical, whitish, thick-walled, occupying ~¼ of pallial oviduct. Capsule gland occupYing ~½ of oviduct, elliptical, orange, thick­walled; female genital pore not pedunculated. Bursa copulatrix present, with thick muscular walls.

Central nervous system. Similar to the previous species.

Material examined: Unknown localitY, MNHN 51722 , 2 shells (Lamarck collection, identified as Hemifusus coronatus ). AFRICA: MNHN 51721 , 1 shell (Lamarck collection). SENEGAL: Dakar, Gorée Island, 14°40'N 17°23'W, MZSP : 99901, 1 specimen ♀ (J Coltro col, ii.2011); Ouaran , MNHN , 1 specimen ♂ (Bouchet col., 1973). SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE: Gulf of Guinea, MZSP 99989 .

Distribution: Western African coast, from Senegal to Congo.

Habitat: MuddY flats and sandY beaches.

Figures

Figs 4–5.Pugilina morio: shell.(4) MNHN (a) dorsal, (b) apertural, and (c) apical view (L=160 mm), scale bar = 9 mm;(5). MNHNP,(a) apertural, (b) dorsal and (c) apical view (L=80 mm), scale bar = 5 mm.

Figs 6–10. Pugilina tupiniquim and Pugilina morio radula, operculum and spawning: (6) P. tupiniquim MZSP: 91653, radula: (a) panoramic, (b) central and (c) lateral view, scale bars: (6a = 100 µm, 6b, c = 50 µm); (7) P.morio, MNHNP, radula, (a) panoramic, (b) central and (c) lateral view, scale bars: (7a = 100 µm, 7b, c = 30 µm); (8) P. tupiniquim, operculum (a) inner and (b) outer views, scale bar = 5 mm; (9) P. morio, operculum (a) inner and (b) outer views, scale bar = 5 mm; (10) Pugilina tupiniquim, spawning, scale bar = 5 mm.

Figs 34–38. Pugilina tupiniquim and Pugilina morio: (34a) P. morio; (34b): P. tupiniquim, head, details of tentacles positions;(35a) P.morio; (35b) P.tupiniquim, mouth papilla; (36) P.morio, reno-pericardial region, ventral view, some adjacent structures also shown; (37) P. morio, anterior foregut ventral view; (38) P. tupiniquim, anterior foregut ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Figs 39–44. Pugilina morio: (39) pallial oviduct, ventral view, transversal cut; (40) head and haemocoel, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed; (41) pallial cavity hoof, ventral view; (42) odontophore cartilage,ventral view,fusedregion detail, m4, m5 and m6 maintained;(43) pallial cavity roof, transverse section at middle level of osphradium; (44) penis ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.