Psilorhynchus balitora

Conway, Kevin W., 2011, Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (5), pp. 50-154 : 139

PSILORHYNCHUS BALITORA GROUP

Included species: Psilorhynchus amplicephalus , P. balitora , P. breviminor , P. nepalensis , P. pavimentatus , P. rahmani , and P. brachyrhynchus .

Diagnosis: Members of this group are characterized by the following osteological characters: postepiphysial fontanelle smaller than preepiphysial fontanelle ( Fig. 3B, C ), and the anteriormost branchiostegal ray greatly reduced, composed of articular head only ( Fig. 12B, C ), or absent.

Remarks: Psilorhynchus amplicephalus , P. gokkyi , and P. piperatus are tentatively considered to be members of this group, pending further investigation.

Figures

Figure 3. Neurocranium of Psilorhynchus in dorsal (i), lateral (left side) (ii), and ventral (iii) view. Anterior to left. A, Psilorhynchus sucatio, CAS 50289, 39.6-mm standard length (SL). B, Psilorhynchus balitora, UMMZ 244782, 31.2-mm SL. C, Psilorhynchus breviminor, ZRC 43452, paratype, 32.0-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus gracilis, UMMZ 205345, paratype, 39.1-mm SL. E, Psilorhynchus robustus, CMK 17941, paratype, 58.1-mm SL. F, Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis, KU 29517, 41.5-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: AV–VII, anterior opening of trigeminal–facial chamber; Apto, autopterotic; Asph, autosphenotic; Boc, basioccipital; BocPr, basioccipital process; E, ethmoid complex; Exoc, exoccipital; Epo, epioccipital; FIX, foramen for glossopharyngeal nerve; Fr, frontal; FX, foramen for vagus nerve; LE, lateral ethmoid; MaPl, masticatory plate of the basioccipital; N, nasal; Orsph, orbitosphenoid; Pa, parietal; PE, prethmoid; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; PV–VII, posterior opening of trigeminal–facial chamber; Soc, supraoccipital; Sor, supraorbital; STF, subtemporal fossa; Vo, vomer.

Figure 12. Hyoid bar and branchiostegal rays of Psilorhynchus, right side in lateral view. Anterior to left (images reversed). A, Psilorhynchus sucatio, CAS 50289, 27.4-mm standard length (SL). B, Psilorhynchus balitora, UMMZ 244782, 31.2-mm SL. C, Psilorhynchus breviminor, ZRC 43452, paratype, 32.0-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus gracilis, UMMZ 205345, paratype, 39.1-mm SL. E, Psilorhynchus robustus, CMK 17941, paratype, 58.1-mm SL. F, Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis, KU 29517, 41.5-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ach, anterior ceratohyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Ih, interhyal; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; VHh, ventral hypohyal.