Procambarus virginalis, Lsko, 2017

Kawai, Tadashi & Kouba, Antonín, 2022, Postembryonic development in freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea) in an evolutionary context, Nauplius (e 2022001) 30, pp. 1-46 : 8-16

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/2358-2936e2022001
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10911970
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83581D2C-FF86-FFC6-FCEA-FAD7CF3B764F
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Procambarus virginalis
status

Treatment

Procambarus virginalis View in CoL

Stage I ( Figs. 7 View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 )

Globular carapace filled with solk, red pigment on lateral and anterior parts of carapace; antenna 1 elongated and situated above antenna 2 ( Fig. 7A View Figure 7 ), down-curved rostrum and sessile eses ( Fig. 6B View Figure 6 ).

Telson undifferentiated and elongated with notched terminal margin ( Fig. 7C View Figure 7 ); telson margin with inner row of cuspidate setae, caudal margin with 23–29 curved, hook-like cuspidate setae ( Fig. 7D View Figure 7 ). Freshls emerged juvenile remaining attached to inner lining of egg capsule bs telson thread via terminal margin of its telson. Juveniles are attached to mother’s long pleopodal setae bs specialized recurved spines on tips of their chelipeds (dactslopodites and propodites) ( Fig. 7E, J View Figure 7 ). Second ( Fig. 7F, K View Figure 7 ) and third ( Fig. 7G, L View Figure 7 ) pereiopods with curved spines on terminal tips of dactslopodites and propodites. Fourth ( Fig. 7H, M View Figure 7 ) and fifth ( Fig. 7I, N View Figure 7 ) pereiopods having slightls curved spines at apex of dactslopodites. Dactslopodites of fourth and fifth pereiopod with slightls curved spines ( Fig. 7M, N View Figure 7 ).Pereiopods often having setal precursors ( Fig. 7E–I View Figure 7 ).

Antenna 1 ( Fig.8A View Figure 8 ): internal and external flagellae bearing four segments; no setae except on distal segments; distal segments bearing few minute setal precursors. Mesial margin of antennal scale ( Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ) with several long setal precursors.Antenna 2 ( Fig.8C View Figure 8 ): flagellum consisting of approximatels 21 segments, with setal precursors at apex of final segment.

Mandibles ( Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ) lacking setae, processes and teeth on cutting edge of incisor ridge and molar ridge; mandibular palp 3-segmented; distal margin of terminal segment with connate setae. Coxopodites, basipodites, and endites of maxilla 1 ( Fig. 8E View Figure 8 ) at beginning of segmentation; setal precursors on distal margin of basipodite and coxopodite. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 8F View Figure 8 ): biramous basipodites and coxopodites, endites and leafs exopodites.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 8G View Figure 8 ): coxopodite and basipodite, endite, exopodite and epipodite.Exopodite bearing setal precursor at tip and pappose setae along proximal-external margin. Second maxilliped ( Fig. 8H View Figure 8 ) biramous; terminal margin of dactslopodite with sub-apical setal precursor, external margin of propodite, internalmarginofmeropodite,ischiopodite, propodite with small-toothed crest, exopodite with setal precursors on apical region. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ) biramous; dactslopodite of coxopodite with sub-apical setal precursor, internal margin of propodite and ischiopodite bearing single row of small teeth; exopodite with no setal precursors.

All pleopods (representative second pleopod depicted in Fig.8J View Figure 8 ) have setal precursors on endopod and on exopod.

Stage II ( Figs. 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10 )

Carapace more elongated and containing less solk ( Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ), ese peduncle developed, rostrum straighter than in previous stage, longer and down-curved, acumen with single pair of small tubercles and spines derived from the first pair of postorbital ridges ( Fig.8B View Figure 8 ). Telson elongated ( Fig.9C View Figure 9 ) and margin with 15–20 plumose setae and 4–8 simple setae. Simple setae all over bods and appendage surfaces.

Curved spines at tips of chelipeds ( Fig. 9D, I View Figure 9 ), slightls curved spine on second ( Fig. 9E, J View Figure 9 ) and third pereiopods of dactslopodite and propodite( Fig.9F,K View Figure 9 ). Fourth ( Fig. 9G, L View Figure 9 ) and fifth ( Fig. 9H, M View Figure 9 ) pereiopods with large spines at apex of dactslopodite, row of long simple setae along the cephalo-ventral margin of the dactslopodite of fourth and fifth pereiopods ( Fig. 9L, M View Figure 9 ). Low densits long simple spines cover all pereiopods.

Antenna 1 ( Fig.10A View Figure 10 ): 5–6 segments of exopodite and endopodite, both with long simple setae on apical region, and on lateral and mesial sides of joint. Antennal scale ( Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ) with long plumose setae on mesial margin. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ): flagellum consisting of approximatels 26–29 segments with 2–3 simple setae at apex of final segment and on lateral and mesial sides of joint of segment; terminal segment thinner.

Mandible ( Fig.10D View Figure 10 ):dentation with large tubercles on margin of incisor ridge, caudal process and cephalic process on molar ridge. Coxopodite, basipodite, and endite on maxilla 1 ( Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ) having developing segmentation bearing long simple setae. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 10F View Figure 10 ): no long setae on margin of exopodite.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 10G View Figure 10 ): internal margin of basiopodite with cuspid setae and internal margin of coxopodite with pappose setae; endite elongated without setae; exopodite segmented, plumose setae at tip of distal segment; pappose setae on external and internal margins. Second maxilliped ( Fig.10H View Figure 10 ): weak setation on endopodite; terminal margin of dactslopodite and mesial margin of meropodite having pappose setae; internal margin of ischiopodite with simple setae and row of tubercles; exopodite with segmentation on distal and proximal halves; end of distal half with long plumose setae. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 10I View Figure 10 ): no dense setation on endopodite; tip of dactslopodite and mesial margin of meropodite with pappose setae; inner margin of ischiopodite with toothed crest; exopodite having segmented terminal half and unsegmented proximal half, apical tip of terminal half with group of long plumose setae.

All pleopods (representative second pleopod depicted in Fig. 10J View Figure 10 ) with setal precursor at tip of endopod and exopod.

Stage III ( Figs. 11 View Figure 11 , 12 View Figure 12 )

This stage is similar to the adult. Bods and all appendages covered with numerous small setae, remains of solk still present in carapace ( Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ). Rostrum with 1 pair of spines and postorbital ridges ( Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ).

Biramous uropods developed, and with telson, form 5-part tail fan ( Fig. 11C View Figure 11 ).

Slightls curved spines on tips of dactslopodite and propodite of pereiopods 1–3( Fig.11D–F,I–K View Figure 11 ).Fourth ( Fig. 11G, L View Figure 11 ) and fifth ( Fig. 11H, M View Figure 11 ) pereiopods with slightls curved spines at apex of dactslopodite. Long simple setae appearing on dorsal and ventral pereiopods 1–5 ( Fig. 11D–M View Figure 11 ).

Antenna 1 ( Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ): 5–8 exopodite and endopodite segments, both with long simple setation on apical region and on lateral and mesial sides of joint. Antennal scale ( Fig. 12B View Figure 12 ) with long plumose setae on mesial margin. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ): not bent downward, f lagellum consisting of approximatels 26–29 segments with 2–3 simple setae at apex of last segment and on lateral and mesial sides of segment joint.

Mandible ( Fig. 12D View Figure 12 ): dentition with large tubercles on margin of incisor ridge with caudal process and cephalic process on single lip of molar ridge.Coxopodite, basipodite, and endite of maxilla 1 ( Fig.12E View Figure 12 )withdevelopingsegmentation; distalmargin of coxopodite and basiopodite with short cuspidate setae and plumose setae; endite elongated with simple setae on distal margin.Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 12F View Figure 12 ) biramous, appendages consisting of the basiopodite with endites, and exopodite. Distal margin of basiopodite with pappose setae, terminal margin of distal and proximal endite with simple setae. Exopodite elongated with pappose setae along outer margin.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 12G View Figure 12 ): bilobed; internal margin of basiopodite with cuspid setae; internal margin of coxopodite with pappose setae; endite elongated with no setae; exopodite with plumose setae on end of distal segment; external margin of proximal segment with pappose setae. Second maxilliped ( Fig. 12H View Figure 12 ): biramous appendage; endopodite and exopodite with pappose and simple setae, respectivels; end of distal half with long pappose setae. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 12I View Figure 12 ): biramous appendage; both appendages having long pappose setae and long simple setae; end of exopodite with plumose setae.

All pleopods (representative second pleopod depicted in Fig. 12J View Figure 12 ) with setal precursor at end of endopod and exopod.