Praocis (Praocis) subaenea Erichson, 1834

Flores, Gustavo E. & Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, 2012, Systematic revision of the South American genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Part 1: Introduction and subgenus Praocis s. str., Zootaxa 3336, pp. 1-35 : 20-22

Praocis (Praocis) subaenea Erichson, 1834

( Figs. 1 , 28 )

Praocis subaenea Erichson, 1834: 248 (March 12); Curtis, 1845: 457; Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 26 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 412 (lectot.).

Praocis submetallica Guérin-Méneville, 1834: 9 (June) ; Dejean, 1836: 200 (cat.); Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 92; Laporte, 1840: 187; Solier, 1840: 224 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 190 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Kolbe, 1907: 86 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 24 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 412 (syn. & lectot.). Synonymy by Flores, 2007: 412.

Praocis laevicosta Curtis, 1845: 457 ; Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 26 (syn.); Peña, 1966: 431 (cat.). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 26.

Redescription. Length 6.0–11.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head ( Fig. 1 ). Clypeus and frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous, lateral quarters with fine, golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin not exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed; prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13 ); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking carinae, with a narrow groove over lateral margin, occupying only outer sixth of elytra, bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae; dorsal surface with short golden setae; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising on protuberances, lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge. Internal surface of meso– and metatibiae with short, stout setae. Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX “V”-shaped. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base, with setae on distal half of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 <L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical aperture large and apex rounded. Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½ length of coxite.

Type material. Lectotype of Praocis subaenea : [Type] [14891] [Sex: male / Det. G. Flores] [Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera )/ Nr 14891/ Praocis subaenea Erichs. / Chili, Meyer/ Zool. Mus. Berlin] [Syntypus/ Praocis subaenea / Erichson, 1834 / labelled by the MNHUB 2005] [Lectotypus/ Praocis subaenea / Erichson, 1834 / Des. G. Flores 2005] ( MNHUB). Two paralectotypes same data as lectotype, except three first labels ( MNHUB) .

Note: Flores (2007: 412) designated lectotype.

Lectotype of Praocis submetallica : [Type] [Type/ Guérin-Men.] [Ex-Museo/ Guérin-Menev.] [ Praocis / submetallica / Chili Guer.] [Lectotypus / Praocis submetallica / Guérin-Meneville , 1834/ Des. G. Flores 2005] ( MNHN) .

Note: Flores (2007: 412) designated lectotype.

Lectotype of Praocis laevicosta : [Type] [ Praocis / laevicosta Curt. ] [102 P. laevicosta/ Curt./ on reverse: Valp. (prov. Valparaiso, Chile)] [Lectotypus / Praocis laevicosta / Curtis, 1845 / Des. G. Flores &/ J. Pizarro-A. 2010] ( BMNH) is the lectotype by present designation .

Note: Curtis (1845: 457) in describing this species stated: “several specimens from Valparaiso”. This is the only specimen of the type series of P. laevicosta available in BMNH. To fix the current interpretation of this name and to ensure stability, we are hereby designating this lectotype.

Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Colina El Pino, La Serena , 10.xi.1992, K. Ayala, 1 ( LEULS), Coquimbo , 20.ix.1969, P.R.F., 1 ( FMNH), 22.x.1966, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 17.ix.1967, L.E. Peña, 3 ( FMNH), Diaguitas , 13.viii.2004, P. Agusto, 1 ( LEULS), Monte Grande , 20.ix.2009, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 ( LEULS), Pisco Elqui, 18.ix.1963, Gleisner , 1 ( UCCC), 14.viii.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 7 ( IADIZA), 14.viii.2004, P. Augusto, 1 ( LEULS), L.S. Espinoza, 6 ( LEULS), J. Pizarro-Araya, 11 ( LEULS), C. Saavedra, 3 ( LEULS), La Pampilla , 15.viii.1969, L. Álvarez, 1 ( FMNH), Totoralillo , 2.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), 3.i.2004, J.P. Castillo, 1 ( LEULS), Guanaqueros , S. Roig, x.1992, 1 ( IADIZA), Terrazas de Guanaqueros , 14.viii.1999, J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 ( LEULS), Tongoy , 7.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), El Peñón , 1.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH). Limarí Province: Ovalle , 22.x.1944, 1 ( FMNH), 30 km N. Ovalle , S. Roig, 1 ( IADIZA), Socos , 28.x.1964, L.E. Peña, 3 ( FMNH). 27.ix.1952, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 28.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), 27.ix.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 ( LEULS), 8.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), 8.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Tangue, Cerro de Tamaya , 10.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 ( IADIZA), P.N. Fray Jorge, 29.xi.1992, L. Portilla, 1 ( LEULS), 15.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), 9.i.1984, S. Roig, 4 ( IADIZA), 28.ix.1996, S. Vega, 1 ( LEULS) 9.x.1999, G. Castillo, 10 ( IADIZA), 4.xi.2003, C. Mattoni, L. Prendini, J. Ochoa, 1 ( IADIZA), 15 km NW Pachingo , 100–200 m, 20.x.1966, E.I. Schlinger & M.E. Irwin, 1 ( FMNH), Tarumay , 15.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Talinay , 17.ix.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 23.xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 3 ( FMNH), Alcones , 24.x.2009, coll: J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 ( IADIZA), 2 ( LEULS). Choapa Province: Huentelauquén , 3.xii.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), x.1967, L.E. Peña, 4 ( FMNH), 4.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 5 ( FMNH), Guampulla , 2.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 1 ( FMNH), Puerto Oscuro , 18–28.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), 26.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Huilmo, Quilitapia , 13.xi.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Los Vilos , 9.x.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 22.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 26.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 5.i.1966, L.E. Peña, 4 ( FMNH), 13.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 8 ( FMNH), 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), 2 km N Los Vilos, 4.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 5 ( FMNH), 8 km S Los Vilos , 1.x.1983, A. Roig, 3 ( IADIZA), 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), Quereo , 31º 55´35.2´´ S, 71º 30´44.2´´ W, 17 m, 25-x-2009, coll: J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 ( IADIZA), 4 ( LEULS), A. Levicán, 3 ( LEULS), M. Cortes, 2 ( LEULS), J.P. Castillo, 1 ( LEULS), 1.XI.2008, F. Alfaro 1 ( LEULS), 11.x.1983, G. Carrasco, 5 ( FMNH), Illapel a Los Vilos , R. Choapa, 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), Huintil, Hacienda Illapel , 18.x.1958, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Los Molles, 18.ix.1964, Moyano , 1 ( UCCC). Valparaíso Region: Petorca Province : Cachagua , ii.1970, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Papudo, 11.xi.1967, O´ Brien , 1 ( FMNH). Valparaíso Province: Viña del Mar , 28.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH), Quinteros , C. Passera, 5 ( IADIZA), Marga Marga, Paso del Agua , 11.x.1980, P. Cerda B., 1 ( PVGH), Puente Colmo , 21.ix.1966, J. Solervicens, 1 ( FMNH). Quillota Province: Cerro Mollaca , Quillota , 18.xi.1962, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH). San Antonio Province: Algarrobo , 22.xi.1969, L.E. Peña, 2 ( FMNH), xi.1970, Ramírez , 1 ( FMNH), 27.xi.1950, L.E. Peña, 1 ( IADIZA), El Quisco, Chile, 14.xi.1983, L.E. Peña, 7 ( FMNH), Las Cruces , 3.i.2001, V.M. Diéguez, 6 ( IADIZA), Quillaycillo , 26.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 ( FMNH). Metropolitana Region: Santiago Province, xi.1970, Ramírez , 1 ( FMNH); without more precise data: 9 ( RBINS).

Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province to Metropolitana Region: Santiago Province), in the Coquimbo and Santiago biogeographic provinces.

Figures

FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of four species of Praocis (Praocis): P. (P.) marginata, P. (P.) rufipes, P. (P.) spinolai, and P. (P.) subaenea.

FIGURES 1 − 4. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Praocis) species. 1. Praocis (P.) subaenea, head in dorsal view. 2. P. (P.) bicentenario sp. nov., antennomeres 9 – 11 in dorsal view. 3. P. (P.) spinolai, lateral margin of pronotum in dorsal view. 4. P. (P.) spinolai, scaly setae of elytron into a groove.

FIGURES 5 − 14. Male and female genitalia and body details of Praocis (Praocis) species. 5. Fore tibia and tarsus in anterior view of Praocis (P.) sanquinolenta. 6 − 9: Male: 6, 7. P. (P.) rufipes, dorsal and ventral views; 8, 9. P. (P.) elliptica, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe. 10. Ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum and internal female reproductive tract of P. (P.) hirtella. Abbreviations: c, coxite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum, v, vagina. 11 – 14. Prosternum and mesosternun, lateral aspect. 11. P. (P.) costata; 12. P. (P.) quadrisulcata; 13. P. (P.) elliptica; 14. P. (P.) marginata. Abbreviations: p, prosternum, m, mesosternum. Scale bars: 1 mm.