Ectopleura crocea (L. Agassiz, 1862)

OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P., MIRANDA, THAÍS P., ARAUJO, ENILMA M., AYÓN, PATRICIA, CEDEÑO-POSSO, CRISTINA M., CEPEDA-MERCADO, AMANCAY A., CÓRDOVA, PABLO, CUNHA, AMANDA F., GENZANO, GABRIEL N., HADDAD, MARIA ANGÉLICA, MIANZAN, HERMES W., MIGOTTO, ALVARO E., MIRANDA, LUCÍLIA S., MORANDINI, ANDRÉ C., NAGATA, RENATO M., NASCIMENTO, KARINE B., JÚNIOR, MIODELI NOGUEIRA, PALMA, SERGIO, QUIÑONES, JAVIER, RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S., SCARABINO, FABRIZIO, SCHIARITI, AGUSTÍN, STAMPAR, SÉRGIO N., TRONOLONE, VALQUÍRIA B. & MARQUES, ANTONIO C., 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, Zootaxa 4194 (1), pp. 1-256 : 34-35

Ectopleura crocea (L. Agassiz, 1862)

Synonyms in the area: Ectopleura warreni —Migotto & Silveira 1987; Haddad 1992; Migotto 1996; Grohmann 1997; Grohmann et al. 1997; Rosso & Marques 1997; Marques & Migotto 2001; Migotto et al. 2001 [polyp]; Ectopleura ralphi —Migotto et al. 2001 [polyp]; Pinauay ralphi —Migotto et al. 2002; Marques & Migotto 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006, abstract; Grohmann 2006; Haddad et al. 2006, abstract; Oliveira et al. 2006; Bornancin 2008; Oliveira & Marques 2007; Shimabukuro 2007; Bornancin & Haddad 2008, abstract; Oliveira et al. 2008, abstract; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Flynn & Valèrio Berardo 2012 [polyp]; Tubularia formosa —Hartlaub 1905 p. 538-540; Blanco 1994a; Genzano & Zamponi 1997 [polyp]; Tubularia crocea —Hartlaub 1905 p. 540-543; Fraser 1938a; Blanco 1968, 1994a; Wedler 1975; Genzano et al. 1991; Genzano 1994, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Genzano & Rodriguez 1998; Genzano & San Martín 2002; Calder et al. 2003; Demicheli & Scarabino 2006 [polyp]; Tubularia polycarpa —Hartlaub, 1905 p. 540 [polyp]; Pinauay crocea —Cangussu et al. 2010; Kremer & Rocha 2011; Oliveira & Marques 2011 [polyp]; Acharadria crocea —Marques et al. 2013 [polyp].

Remarks: Calder et al. (2003 p. 1205) examined three vials with specimens from the Galápagos, and stated that one vial lacked hydroids and the other two “contained small pieces of tubulariids which could not be identified with certainty”. Imazu (2008) compared Brazilian E. ralphi (Bale, 1884) and Argentinean E. crocea (L. Agassiz, 1862) materials and found they belong to the same species.

Distribution in South America: polyp—Pacific Ocean, Ecuador, at 0.27°S 91.37°W in Isla Isabela, Chile, from 19.88°S to 33°S (Hartlaub 1905 p. 538-543; Fraser 1938a, 1948; Calder et al. 2003); Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Brazil to Argentina, from 20°S to 55°S (Hartlaub 1905; Blanco 1968, 1994a; Wedler 1975; Migotto & Silveira 1987; Genzano et al. 1991, 2009a, 2011; Haddad 1992; Genzano 1994, 2001, 2005, 2010; Migotto 1996; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Grohmann 1997; Grohmann et al. 1997; Rosso & Marques 1997; Genzano 1998, 2002; Genzano & Rodriguez 1998; Migotto et al. 2001; Genzano & San Martín 2002; Migotto et al. 2002; Marques & Migotto 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006, abstract; Demicheli & Scarabino 2006; Grohmann 2006; Oliveira et al. 2006; Bornancin 2008; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Bornancin & Haddad 2008, abstract; Grohmann et al. 2008, abstract; Imazu 2008; Oliveira et al. 2008; Cangussu et al. 2010; Kremer & Rocha 2011; Flynn & Valèrio Berardo 2012; Marques et al. 2013; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015; Imazu et al. 2014; Meretta & Genzano 2015; Miranda et al. 2015).

Habitat: polyp—intertidal to shallow water up to 20m depth, on algae, ascidians, barnacles, bryozoan, barnacles, corals, Plumularia setacea , fouling, floats, metallic structures, mussels, nylon ropes, pillars, polychaete tubes, rocks, sponges and tunicates (Fraser 1938a, 1948; Migotto & Silveira 1987; Haddad 1992; Migotto 1996; Genzano & Rodriguez 1998; Calder et al. 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006; Haddad et al. 2006; Oliveira et al. 2006; Scarabino 2006; Bornancin 2008; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Bornancin & Haddad 2008; Imazu 2008; Genzano 2010; Kremer & Rocha 2011; Flynn & Valèrio Berardo 2012; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015; Imazu et al. 2014; Meretta & Genzano 2015). Species common in port regions ( Imazu 2008) and on test panels for biofouling recruitment in different harbor areas from Buenos Aires . Smaller and isolated clumps occasionally found in sublitoral communities, up to 20m depth (Genzano & Zamponi 2003).