Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791

Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Cuny, Gilles, Kocsis, László, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Ngamnisai, Nom, Charoentitirat, Thasinee, Kumpitak, Satapat & Suraprasit, Kantapon, 2024, Mid-Holocene marine faunas from the Bangkok Clay deposits in Nakhon Nayok, the Central Plain of Thailand, ZooKeys 1202, pp. 1-110 : 1-110

Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791

Figs 12 U , 16 H

Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791: 3216. Type locality: Siam [ Thailand] and Tranquebar. Morris and Purchon 1981: 327. Nateewathana 1995: 111, with in-text fig. Poutiers 1998 a: 356, with in-text figs. Subba Rao and Dey 2000: 286. Swennen et al. 2001: 50, 98, fig. 219. Haga 2010: 396, pl. 1193, figs 2, 3. BEDO 2017 a: 168, with in-text fig. Hylleberg and Kilburn 2003: 224. Dey and Ramakrishna 2007: 160, 251 – 252. Nabhitabhata 2009: 510. Gopalakrishnan et al. 2012: 61. Yang et al. 2017: 246, fig. 916. Tudu et al. 2018: table 1. Wells et al. 2021: 37.

Pholas siamensis Spengler, 1792: 88 – 89. Type locality: the Gulf of Thailand, the mouth of the river Qweda, where it goes up to Alastav. Knudsen and Jensen 2001: 547 – 556, figs 1 – 4.

Pholas (Monothyra) orientalis . Lynge 1909: 282. Aungtonya et al. 1999: 383. Robba et al. 2002: 121, pl. 21, fig. 5. Robba et al. 2003: tables 3 – 5. Dharma 2005: 270, pl. 110, fig. 25; 368, pl. 149, fig. 18 a, b. Thach 2005: 304, pl. 91, fig. 6. Robba et al. 2007: 88 (appendix). Huber 2010: 473, with in-text fig. Huber 2015: C 22846.

Referred material.

CUF - NKNY - B 05 (26 L + 73 R shells; Figs 12 U , 16 H ).

Habitat.

Boring down to 50 cm depth in peat, soft rocks, stiff clay, or sticky and soft sandy-mud bottoms rich in silt and detritus, often near river mouths, from intertidal and sublittoral zones at a depth from 1 to 30 m ( Poutiers 1998 a; Huber 2015).

Distribution.

Indian Ocean; Indo-West Pacific, from Taiwan to Australia ( Huber 2015). Records of fossils from the Middle Miocene to Holocene in Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand ( Robba et al. 2002; Dharma 2005).

Record in Thailand.

Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea ( Wells et al. 2021).

Taxonomic remarks and comparisons.

This species is recognised based on the descriptions and figures in Poutiers (1998 a), Swennen et al. (2001), and Robba et al. (2002), specifically in having antero-dorsal reflection that has axial supports.

Famliy Teredinidae Rafinesque, 1815

Figures

Figure 12. Size comparison of bivalves, scaphopod and other invertebrates found in this study A Tegillarca nodifera B Volachlamys singaporina C Tegillarca granosa D Noetiella pectunculiformis E Magallana cf. gigas F Estellacar olivacea G Anadara indica H Dentalium variabile I Siliqua minima J Corbula fortisulcata K Fistulobalanus kondakovi L Placamen lamellatum M Martesia striata N Potamocorbula sp. O Jupiteria puellata P Saccella mauritiana Q Paratapes undulatus R Dosinia dilecta S Joannisiella oblonga T Temnotrema siamense U Pholas orientalis.

Figure 16. Bivalves A Dosinia dilecta B Paratapes undulatus C Placamen lamellatum D Corbula fortisulcata E Potamocorbula sp. F, G Martesia striata G showing the shells with burrow casts along with mangrove roots H Pholas orientalis I calcareous burrows of Teredinidae indet.