Quedius scintillans, Solsky, 1868

Taphylininae, Iochini, Aorothiini, Thiini, Latyprosopini, Taphylinini, Mblyopinina, Nisolinina, Yptiomina, Hilonthina & Herman, Lee H., 2001, Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2441 (265), pp. 2435-3021 : 2954-2971

scintillans Solsky, 1868 , see: scintillatus Blackwelder, 1944 .

semiruber Horn, 1884: 187 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: California; Arizona).

— Fall and Cockerell, 1907: 166 ( Philonthus ; New Mexico).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 109 ( Philonthus ; characters; Alberta; Arizona; California; Colorado; Kansas; Nebraska; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Oklahoma; South Dakota; Texas; Utah).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

semunciarius Tottenham, 1940a: 20 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Costa Rica: El Congo, 750 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica.

senegalensis Bernhauer, 1937a: 300 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Haut Senegal: Bodoumbé).

— Tottenham, 1962: 215 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mali.

senium Smetana, 1995e: 413 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Massachusetts: Tyngs. Also cited from Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA.

separatus Cameron, 1950 g: 38 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Gabrius ; Type locality: Belgian Congo: lac N’Gando, pied volc. Karisimbi, alt. 2400 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

sepilibilis Tottenham, 1949b: 339 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Congo Region ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

septempunctatus Cameron, 1930 , see: Gabrius .

septempunctatus Tikhomirova, 1973 , see: kiautschauensis Bernhauer, 1916 .

septentrionis Fall, 1926 , see: subvirescens Thomson, 1884 .

septentrionum Eppelsheim, 1893: 50 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ost-Sibirien, in der Nähe von Irkutsk, von Tunka bis Munku-Sardik im Sajan’schen Gebirge ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1963c: 296 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Smetana, 1965e: 174 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; central Asia).

— Smetana, 1967d: 206 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 280 ( Philonthus ; characters; central Asia; Baikal region; Mongolia).

— Smetana 1975c: 171 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Shilov, 1976: 151 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Russia, Mongolia.

sequens Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for imitator Fauvel ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer and Chapman, 1939: 67 ( Philonthus ; Kenya).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 333 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Tottenham, 1962: 222, 225 ( Philonthus ; specimens of the syntypic series from the Cape are a differenct species, probably biguttulus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa?.

imitator Fauvel, 1907: 44 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Abyssinie; Cap ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sequens ).

— Tottenham, 1962: 225 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sequens ).

serenus Herman, 2001: 48 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for parvicornis Fauvel ).

- DISTRIBUTION: “Lake Victoria region”, South Africa.

parvicornis Fauvel, 1907: 40 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Victoria Nyanza: ile de Lusinga; Transvaal, Hamman’skraal).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 328 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Herman, 2001: 48 ( Philonthus ; synonym of serenus ).

sericeicollis Fauvel, 1878f: 266 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle-Guinée, Andai;

Iles Arou, Wokan; Borneo).

— Fauvel, 1879: 103 ( Philonthus ; Mysol; Ternate).

— Duvivier, 1883: 148 ( Philonthus ; cited as sericcicollis; catalog).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1926f: 317 ( Philonthus ; Buru).

— Cameron, 1931: 363 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; New Ireland; New Britain).

- DISTRIBUTION: Borneo, Indonesia, New Guinea, New Ireland, New Britain. sericeiventris Eppelsheim, 1895 , see: morio Boheman, 1848 .

sericeus Stephens, 1832: 231 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: London).

— Stephens, 1839: 395 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

- DISTRIBUTION: Britain.

sericinus Horn, 1884: 182 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Canada; Pennsylvania ; Texas).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 126 ( Philonthus ; characters; Ontario; Quebec; Arkansas; Connecticut; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Minnesota; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Vermont; Virginia; Wisconsin).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 376 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

sericoilius Cameron, 1920 , see: Quediosoma .

serpens Sharp, 1885: 422 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Guatemala, San Geronimo, Torola; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 4000 to 6000 feet; Peña Blanca 3000 to 4000 feet).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala, Panama.

serpentinus Horn, 1884 , see: Hesperus .

serraticornis Bernhauer, 1908 , see: aemulus Tottenham, 1939 .

serraticornis Sharp, 1876: 179 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ega).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

servilis Cameron, 1932: 431 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Waziristan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan.

sessor Smetana, 1965: 58 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for sagax Smetana ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 361 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; New Brunswick; Ontario; Quebec; Iowa; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; Pennsylvania; Vermont; Wisconsin). - DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA .

sagax Smetana, 1963a: 1 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: New Jersey. Also cited from Massachusetts, Illinois, and Iowa).

— Smetana, 1995e: 361 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sessor ).

seticornis Sharp, 1885: 410 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Guatemala, Cerro Zunil 4000 to

5000 feet).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala.

setosus J. Sahlberg, 1876 , see: ebeninus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

sexpunctatus Last, 1968: 372 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Yentchan, Sepik).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

sextus Schaeffer, 1766 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: splendens Fabricius, 1793 .

shangzhiensis J. Li, 1993: 52 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mount Laoye, Shangzhi , Heilongjiang Province).

- DISTRIBUTION: China.

sharpi Fauvel, 1879: 101 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle Guinée, Dorei).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

sharpi C. Koch, 1936 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: nudus Sharp, 1874 .

sharpianus Cameron, 1930 , see: Gabrius .

shetlandicus Poppius, 1905 , see: carbonarius Gravenhorst, 1802 .

shulli Hatch, 1957 , see: Gabrius .

siculus Gridelli, 1923: 23 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sicilia, Pachino ).

— Sainte-Claire Deville, 1926: 120 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Gabrius ; notes; Corsica).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1974: 96 ( Paragabrius ; characters; Corsica; Sardinia; Sicily; Algeria; Morocco).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

- DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Morocco, France, Italy.

sideropterus Kolenati, 1846 , see: splendens Fabricius, 1793 .

siegwaldii Mannerheim, 1843 , see: Bisnius .

signaticornis Mulsant and Rey, 1853 , see: Erichsonius .

signifrons Schubert, 1908 , see: protenus Schubert, 1906 .

silvaticus Cameron, 1922: 119 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Jamaica).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 416 ( Philonthus ; characters; Jamaica).

- DISTRIBUTION: West Indies.

silvestris Bernhauer, 1929 h: 194 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexiko: Desierto de los Leones, 3000 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

silvicola Bernhauer, 1912 h: 479 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Zentralafrika: Urwald hinter den Randbergen des Nordwestufers des Tanganjika-Sees).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Uganda.

simlaensis Bernhauer, 1911 , see: protenus Schubert, 1906 .

simonae Levasseur, 1962: 238 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kolwezi [Lualaba], Haut Katanga, Congo belge).

— Levasseur, 1966a: 1214 ( Philonthus ; Congo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

simonae Hromádka, 1992 , see: lubomiri Herman, 2001 .

simplex Marsham, 1802 , see: albipes Gravenhorst, 1802 .

simplex Stephens, 1833 , see: ventralis Gravenhorst, 1802 .

simpliciventris Bernhauer, 1933a: 39 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Szetschwan: Giufu-Shan).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 125 ( Philonthus ; characters; China; Taiwan; Nepal; India).

- DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, China, Nepal, India, Europe.

proximus Kraatz, 1859: 80 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: India borealis).

— Fauvel, 1874: 215 [= 1874a: 441] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Europe; Siberia; India).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 13 ( Philonthus ; Finland).

— Fowler, 1888: 262 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Portevin, 1929: 358 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Cameron, 1932: 80 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1336 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Tottenham, 1939b: 218 ( Philonthus ; valid species but name is preoccupied).

— Smetana, 1958: 164 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 223 ( Philonthus ; synonym of succicola ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 125 ( Philonthus ; synonym of simpliciventris ).

explanipes Tottenham, 1939b: 218 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for proximus Kraatz ; valid species).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonym of simpliciventris ; [Note: Although Schillhammer did not list proximus Kraatz as a junior synonym of simpliciventris , it must be regarded as such because explanipes is a replacement name for it]).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 125 ( Philonthus ; synonym of simpliciventris ).

simulans Wollaston, 1857 , see: Gabrius .

sinayotus Tottenham, 1962: 226 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Type locality: Tanganyika Terr.: Bunduki, Uluguru Mt., moy. Mgeta, 1300 m. Also cited from Kenya).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, Kenya.

sinetuber Coiffait, 1977 , see: Craspedomerus .

singgalangensis Cameron, 1933d: 388 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sumatra: Gunung Singgalang ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

singhalensis Cameron, 1932: 96 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ceylon: Dikoya , alt. 3800–

4200 feet. Bogawantalawa, alt. 4900–5200 feet).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka.

singularis Last, 1973 , see: Hesperus .

sinuatocollis Motschulsky, 1860 , see: rotundicollis Ménétriés, 1832 .

sinuatus Wollaston, 1867 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

sinuatus Tottenham, 1949 , see: curvabilis Herman, 2001 .

sinus Last, 1968: 363 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Okapa).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

sithanus Tottenham, 1962: 215 , 216, 221 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Not cited, presumably Africa ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Africa.

siwalikensis Cameron, 1926b: 357 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Siwaliks; Kheri Rau,

Mohan Rau, Lachiwala, Song River).

— Cameron, 1932: 137 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

smaragdinus Tottenham, 1949b: 348 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ituri: Blukwa).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

sobrinus Erichson, 1840 , see: Neobisnius .

socius Cameron, 1937: 10 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Java: Djeroeklegi, Zuid Banjoemas; Tjilatjap ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

sodalis Cameron, 1943 , see: Gabrius .

sogdianus Kirshenblat, 1950 , see: Bisnius .

solidus Sharp, 1874: 43 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nagasaki ; northern China).

— Fauvel, 1903: 159 ( Philonthus ; synonym of geminus ).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 58 ( Philonthus ; synonym of geminus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; synonym of tardus ).

— Cameron, 1949b: 468 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; Japan).

— Shibata, 1983: 120 ( Philonthus ; synonym of tardus ).

— Kanehisa, Tsumuki, and Kawazu, 1994 ( Philonthus ; chemical secretions).

— Watanabe, 1998: 313 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; Japan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan.

solitarius Sharp, 1885 , see: sericans Gravenhorst, 1802 .

somaliensis Eppelsheim, 1895: 202 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ganale Gudda, Arussi Galla). — Fauvel, 1907: 40 ( Philonthus ; Kilimandjaro; Abyssinia; Gallas).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 355 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Somaliland; British East Africa).

- DISTRIBUTION: “Somaliland”, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania.

somoruensis Last, 1968 , see: Leucitus .

sordidioides Scheerpeltz, 1962d: 329 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Umgebung von Rustenburg, etwa 100 km NW von Johannesburg in Transvaal).

— Scheerpeltz, 1974: 149 ( Philonthus ; South Africa).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

sosis Tottenham, 1953: 147 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sudan).

— Tottenham, 1962: 138, 194 ( Philonthus ; synonym of debiliformis ).

— Coiffait, 1966b: 338 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; Mauritania; Senegal).

— Coiffait, 1968a: 136 ( Philonthus ; notes; Chad).

- DISTRIBUTION: Senegal, Mauritania, Chad, Sudan.

sospitalis Gistel, 1857: 37 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Nomen dubium]; Type locality: Bayern) .

- DISTRIBUTION: Germany.

spadiceus Sharp, 1889: 41 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kawasaki near Yokohama; Awomori; Sapporo).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Nakane, 1963a: 91 ( Philonthus ; characters; habitus photograph; Japan).

— Hayashi, 1993: 76 ( Philonthus ; characters; Japan).

— Kanehisa, Tsumuki, and Kawazu, 1994 ( Philonthus ; chemical secretions).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan.

sparsipennis Cameron, 1933b: 344 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: British North Borneo:

Lumu Lumu, 5500 feet).

- DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.

sparsus P. Lucas, 1846 , see: Bisnius .

specialis Cameron, 1937a: 103 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kokoda, alt. 1300 ft.).

— Last, 1968: 360 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Last, 1987: 30 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

multiformis Last, 1968: 362 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Buana , Sarawaged Range, 3000 ft., 20–30 miles north of Lae).

— Last, 1973: 425 ( Hesperus ).

— Last, 1987: 30 ( Philonthus ; synonym of specialis aberration funebris ).

funebris Last, 1981: 120 ( Philonthus ; variety of specialis ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Article 15.2)]; cited from Managalase Plateau North District, Papua).

funebris Last, 1987: 30 ( Philonthus ; aberration of specialis ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5)]; cited from many localities in Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya). speciosus Cameron, 1926b: 355 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Dehra Dun).

— Cameron, 1932: 122 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Schillhammer, 1996a: 82 ( Philonthus ; Turkey; Oman).

- DISTRIBUTION: India, Oman, Turkey.

specularis Fauvel, 1878f: 267 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle-Guinée, Hatam).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

speculicollis Schubert, 1909: 292 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: südöstliches Mexico, Gegend von Jalapa, nördlich vom Pic d’Orizaba).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

speculipennis Bernhauer, 1921b: 75 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: West-Kolumbien: Umgebung von Cali am Cauca, Canon del Mte. Tolima, 1700 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

speculum Lokay, 1919: 24 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Transsylvania, Sibin.).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 389 ( Philonthus ; characters; Transylvania).

— Coiffait, 1974: 304 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ?; characters; Romania).

— Tóth, 1984: 45 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Romania.

spermophili Ganglbauer, 1897 , see: Bisnius .

sphagnicola Sjöberg, 1950 , see: Gabrius .

sphagnorum Smetana, 1995e: 388 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Brunswick: Kouchibouguac N.P. Also cited from Ontario and Quebec).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada.

spiniformis Hatch, 1957: 188 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Oregon: West Woodburn. Also cited from Washington and British Columbia).

— Smetana, 1995e: 224 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; Nova Scotia; Ontario; Saskatchewan; Arizona; California; Colorado; Idaho; Iowa; Maine; Montana; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Utah; Washington; Wisconsin; Wyoming).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

woodburnensis Hatch, 1957: 187 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Oregon: West Woodburn ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 224 ( Philonthus ; synonym of spiniformis ).

spinipes Sharp, 1874: 39 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Japan; [Note: See lectotype designation by Schülke and Uhlig, 1989]. Originally cited from Hiogo; Nagasaki; Mantchuria).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Aleksandrov, 1934: 152 ( Philonthus ; listed with three characterized but unnamed varieties; notes; China).

— Adachi, 1937: 56 ( Philonthus ; Izu-Oshima).

— Nakane, 1963a: 90 ( Philonthus ; characters; habitus photograph; Japan).

— Watanabe and Shibata, 1972: 63 ( Philonthus ; Yaku-shima Island).

— Frank, 1982: 43 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Yuh, Paik, Kwon, and Lee, 1985: 242 ( Philonthus ; Korea).

— Lundberg, 1986: 148 ( Philonthus ; Sweden).

— Schülke and Uhlig, 1989: 243, 247 ( Philonthus ; characters; lectotype designation: Japan; Korea; China; Japan; Caucasus ; Bulgaria; Romania; Czechoslovakia; Poland; Austria) .

— Schülke and Uhlig, 1989b ( Philonthus ; notes; Bulgaria; Armenia; Yugoslavia; Austria;

Czech Republic; Slovakia; Germany).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 163 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 61 ( Philonthus ; notes; Italy).

— Shibata, 1991b: 256 ( Philonthus ; Taiwan).

— Callot, 1993: 13 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; France).

— Bruge, 1993: 29 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ; Belgium).

— Pedersen, 1993 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Stephens, 1839: 394 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Erichson, 1840: 429 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Laporte, 1840: 177 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Kolenati, 1846: 18 ( Philonthus ; Transcaucasia).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 687 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Ménétriés, 1849: 44 ( Philonthus ; Turcomanie).

— Hochhuth, 1849: 131 ( Philonthus ; characters; Caucasus; Iberia).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 699 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Kiesenwetter, 1851a: 414 ( Philonthus ; France).

— Küster, 1853a: 42 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Hardy, 1851: 25 ( Philonthus ; notes; England).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 513 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 569 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 189 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Kraatz, 1858a: 61 ( Philonthus ; Crete).

— Thomson, 1860: 155 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Hochhuth, 1872: 136 ( Philonthus ; notes; Ukraine).

— Fauvel, 1874: 213 [= 1874a: 439] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Europe; Algeria; Caucasus; Transcaucasia; Lake Baikal).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 208 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 272 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 347 [= 1877: 203] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 12 ( Philonthus ; Finland).

— Fauvel, 1878: 121 [= 1878a: 41] ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Fauvel, 1886: 53 [= 1886a: 45] ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Fowler, 1888: 260 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 442 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Mediterranean region; Siberia).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 108 ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Reitter, 1909: 124 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; [Note: The name politus Linné is cited on page 356 as a synonym of splendens and on page 350 as a valid species]; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 392 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Šulc, 1922 ( Philonthus ; osmeterium; anatomy; histology; physiology).

— Portevin, 1929: 357 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1361 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Paulian, 1941: 229 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Tottenham, 1949: 417 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Britain).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 155 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Kocher, 1958: 144 ( Philonthus ; Morocco).

— Smetana, 1959: 144 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Palm, 1963b: 64 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 176 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Raianu, 1964: 103 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Horion, 1965: 123 ( Philonthus ; Mediterranean region; Germany; Austria).

— Pototskaia, 1966: 158 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 63 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 389 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Siberia; North Africa).

— Raianu, 1968a: 462 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 727 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Scheerpeltz, 1968a: 74 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Austria).

— Kasule, 1970: 68 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 266 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Britain; Scandinavia; North Africa; Anatolia; Caucasus).

— Shilov, 1975a: 375 [= 1975b: 97] ( Philonthus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; synonym of splendens ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; aberration of splendens ).

— Smetana, 1955: 205 ( Philonthus ; aberration of splendens ; notes).

— Smetana, 1958: 155 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of splendens ).

— Smetana, 1959: 144 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of splendens ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 389 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of splendens ; characters; Caucasus).

— Coiffait, 1974: 266 ( Philonthus ; synonym of splendens ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 142 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of sideropterus ; characters; Turkey; Caucasus).

squalidus Fauvel, 1879: 105 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle Guinée).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

stacesmithi Hatch, 1957 , see: Bisnius .

staudingeri Bernhauer, 1928 g: 110 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kongostaat).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1962: 202, 203, 211 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

steineri Lecoq, 1998: 66 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Piezarthrus ; Type locality: Madagascar Est: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km. W Ranomafana, 900 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

stenocephalus Scheerpeltz, 1972: 18 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for angusticeps Bernhauer ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

angusticeps Bernhauer, 1934a: 118 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Argentinien: Prov. Tucuman).

— Scheerpeltz, 1972: 18 ( Philonthus ; synonym of stenocephalus ).

stenoderus Reiche, 1861 , see: Bisnius .

stercorosus Tottenham, 1962: 186 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: S. Rhodesia: Wankie Game Reserve ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Zimbabwe.

stictus Hausen, 1891: 321 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Lachine, Montreal Island).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Casey, 1915: 450 ( Philonthus ; republication of characters of original description).

— Smetana, 1995e: 463 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba;

New Brunswick; Ontario; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Colorado; Illinois; Iowa; Minnesota; Montana; Nebraska; North Dakota; Utah; Wisconsin).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

protervus Casey, 1915: 443 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: northern Illinois; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1356 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Dearborn and Donahue, 1994: 15 ( Philonthus ; Maine).

— Smetana, 1995e: 463 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation; synonym of stictus ).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 382 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

finitimus Casey, 1915: 443 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Canada: Hull, Province of Quebec; [ Note : See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1342 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 463 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation; synonym of stictus ).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 382 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; characters; Canada).

confertoides Hatch, 1957: 182 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: British Columbia: Enderby ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 463 ( Philonthus ; synonym of stictus ).

stigmatias Smetana, 1995 , see: ferreipennis Horn, 1884 .

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960d: 135 ( Philonthus ; Portugal).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 425 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; characters; Iberian Peninsula).

— Coiffait, 1974: 206 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; characters; Spain).

— Aranda and Outerelo, 1991: 121 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Portugal, Spain, France.

gratiosus Brisout, 1866: 359 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Espagne: bords du Mançanarès et environs de Madrid).

— Fauvel, 1874: 223 [= 1874a: 449] ( Philonthus ; synonym of suavus , cited as suavis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; synonym of suavus , cited as suavis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 206 ( Philonthus ; synonym of suavus , cited as suavis ).

subaeneicollis Bernhauer, 1931d: 585 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Abyssinia: Mt. Zukwala ,

ca. 9,000 ft.; Jem-Jem Forest , 8,000–9,000 ft. ; Mt. Chillalo , ca. 9,000 ft. ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1955: 172 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Tottenham, 1962: 181 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.

subaeneipennis Bernhauer, 1916c: 32 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Columbien: Muzo,

Rio Cantinere, 500 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

subaereipennis Bernhauer, 1939 , see: Bisnius .

subcingulatus W. J. MacLeay, 1873: 141 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Gayndah).

— Fauvel, 1877: 270 ( Quedius ; characters; Australia).

— Blackburn, 1896: 262 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916: 435 ( Philonthus with the following statement: “Under Philonthus should be inserted the following, which Fauvel erroneously placed in Quedius :”).

— Bernhauer, 1920: 16 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Lea, 1925: 221 ( Philonthus ; from nest of Pheidole sp. ; Australia).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Caledonia.

sanguinicollis Fauvel, 1877: 265 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Australie, Victoria;

Rivière Paroo).

— Fauvel, 1878g: 548 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Fauvel, 1889b: 266 ( Philonthus ; notes; New Caledonia).

— Fauvel, 1903d: 271 ( Philonthus ; New Caledonia; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916: 435 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subcingulatus ).

— Bernhauer, 1916a: 5 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Lea, 1925: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subcingulatus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subcingulatus ).

subdecorus Cameron, 1950d: 18 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Negri Sembilan: Bukit Tangga ). - DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia.

subdepressus Bernhauer, 1939 , see: Gabrius .

subfoetidus Coiffait, 1983d: 166 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nepal: Ganesh Himal ,

entre Salmi et Rupchet, 1500 à 3600 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

subfuscus Gyllenhal, 1810, see: umbratilis Gravenhorst, 1802 .

subirideus Kraatz, 1859 , see: delicatulus Boheman, 1858 .

subjectus Cameron, 1932: 108 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sikkim: Tonglo ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

subvirescens Thomson, 1884: 1032 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Lappland).

— Horn, 1884: 187 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentified as atratus according to Smetana, 1995e: 148]; characters; Hudson Bay).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 446 ( Philonthus ; synonym of atratus ).

— Poppius, 1909: 23 ( Philonthus ; Lena Valley, Siberia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 329 ( Philonthus ; synonym of atratus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; valid species; catalog).

— Suomalainen, 1941 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of atratus ; characters; Finland).

— Hatch, 1957: 197 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentified as atratus according to Smetana, 1995e: 148]; characters; British Columbia; Washington; Oregon).

— Smetana, 1963c: 294 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Palm, 1963b: 68 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Norway; Finland).

— Smetana, 1965a: 4 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; cited as valid species; British Columbia; Alaska).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 392 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 250 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Smetana 1975c: 169 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Shilov, 1976: 148 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Andersen, 1982: 66 ( Philonthus ; natural history; Norway).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 165 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1995e: 148 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Alberta; British Columbia; Northwest Territories; Yukon Territory; Alaska; California; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; New Mexico; Oregon; South Dakota; Utah; Washington; Wyoming).

— Ryabukhin, 1999: 64 ( Philonthus ; catalog; habitat; distribution; northeastern Russia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Russia, Mongolia, Canada; Alaska.

perforatus Fauvel, 1889a: 114 ( Philonthus ; named to replace atratus as misidentified by Hamilton, 1884: 111, Transactions of the American Entomological Society; [Note: Fauvel cited 1884 as the date for the Hamilton article but it should probably be 1889, volume 16]; Type locality: California: Cisco).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 148 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subvirescens ).

septentrionis Fall, 1926: 149 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Dawson , Yukon Territory).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 148 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subvirescens ).

succicola Thomson, 1860: 157 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Skåne).

— Erichson, 1839a: 448 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 cited carbonarius Erichson as a synonym of chalceus Stephens ; Erichson did not describe the species as new, he attributed it to Gyllenhal who attributed it to Gravenhorst; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters).

— Heer, 1839: 259 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Heer cited Erichson as the author but Erichson did not describe the species; he attributed it to Gyllenhal who cited Gravenhorst as author; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Switzerland).

— Erichson, 1840: 437 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius ; [Note: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 cited carbonarius Erichson, 1839a: 448 as a synonym of chalceus but it was a misidentification and so presumably was Erichson’s 1840 citation of carbonarius ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Europe).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 577 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as carbonarius Erichson but Erichson did not describe the species and his use of the name is treated as a misidentification of chalceus ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 190 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as carbonarius Erichson but Erichson did not describe the species and his use is treated as a misidentification of chalceus ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Austria).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 24 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifi-

— Rye, 1864a: 54 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Britain).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Fauvel, 1869: 488 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications

of succicola ]; valid species).

— Fauvel, 1874: 215 [= 1874a: 441] ( Philonthus ; synonym of proximus ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 216 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 273 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 374 [= 1877: 229] ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as carbonarius Erichson but Erichson did not describe the species and his use is treated as a misidentification of chalceus ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; France).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; [Note: According to Tottenham, 1939d: 232 Ganglbauer’s use of chalceus was a misidentification of succicola ]; characters; Europe; Siberia; North India).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Poppius, 1905: 9 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications

of succicola ]; Shetland Islands).

— Reitter, 1909: 125 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications

of succicola ]; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 331 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 394 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; Denmark).

— Cameron, 1932: 80 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1336 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1336 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; illustration of aedeagus).

— Aleksandrov, 1934: 153 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; China).

— West, 1937: 39 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications

of succicola ]; Faroe Islands).

— Tottenham, 1939d: 232 ( Philonthus ; valid species).

— Hinton, 1945: 76 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Normand, 1947a: 8 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Tunisia).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 51 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 164 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 164 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 146 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of