Philonema agubernaculum Simon & Simon, 1936

Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, Zootaxa 4185 (1), pp. 1-274 : 54

** Philonema agubernaculum Simon & Simon, 1936

Synonym: ** Philonema salvelini Richardson, 1936

Description (after Simon & Simon 1936). With characteristics of the genus.

Males: mean 16.5 (range 12–23) long; mean maximum width 0.296. Mean lengths of the muscular and

glandular portions of the oesophagus are 0.404 and 1.122 respectively. Anus to tail tip averages 0.276. Spicules

equal, sharply curved, lightly chitinized, mean length 0.284 ( Fig. 36 A).

Females: 86.1 (49–140) long; mean maximum width 0.771. Mean lengths of muscular and glandular

oesophagus 0.553 and 1.172 respectively ( Fig. 36 B). Anus to tail tip averages 0.446 ( Fig. 36 C). Anus sometimes

atrophied in gravid worms. Vulva and vagina atrophied in gravid worms. Small ovary present at each end of body.

Uterus of gravid worms filled with embryos and occupying nearly all of the body cavity. Uteri of young specimens

contains eggs in various stages of development. Eggs measure 0.032 x 0.046. Embryos 0.343 long. Comments: ** P. agubernaculum requires both redescription and much improved illustrations. A nerve ring is

not mentioned in the original description so in Figure 36 B one has been added in a position based on the anatomy

of ** P. oncorhynchi (see Fig. 37 B,D).

Sites: body cavity, kidneys, liver, swim bladder

Hosts: Coregonus artedi (11, 15); Coregonus clupeaformis (6, 21); Gasterosteus aculeatus (8); Oncorhynchus kisutch (9, 11, 15, 33); Oncorhynchus mykiss (4, 7, 12, 14, 19, 21, 33); Oncorhynchus nerka (14, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 36); Osmerus mordax (8); Prosopium cylindraceum (6); Prosopium williamsoni (12, 14, 19, 21, 35); Salmo salar (31); Salvelinus alpinus (5, 6, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 28, 34, 37); Salvelinus fontinalis (1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 30, 31); Salvelinus malma (14, 21); Salvelinus namaycush (6, 20, 21)

Distribution: Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Pacific, Quebec Records: 1. Richardson 1936a (QC); 2. Richardson 1936b (QC); 3. Sandeman & Pippy 1967 (NF); 4. Ko & Adams 1969 (BC); 5. Pippy 1970 (NF); 6. Hicks & Threlfall 1973 (LB); 7. Adams 1974 (EX, BC); 8. Hanek & Molnar 1974 (QC); 9. Leong & Holmes 1974 (AB); 10. Jamieson & Freeman 1975 (NT); 11. Leong 1975 (AB); 12. Anon. 1978 (BC); 13. Curtis 1979 (NU); 14. Anon. 1981 (BC); 15. Leong & Holmes 1981 (AB); 16. Dick & Belosevic 1981 (NT); 17. Curtis 1982 (NT); 18. Stewart & Bernier 1982 (NU); 19. Arai & Mudry 1983 (BC); 20. Stewart & Bernier 1983 (NT); 21. Anon. 1984 (BC); 22. Curtis 1984 (NT, QC); 23. Dick 1984 (NT); 24. Groot et al. 1984 (BC); 25. Stewart & Bernier 1984 (NT); 26. Bailey & Margolis 1987 (BC); 27. Bailey et al. 1988 (BC); 28. Bouillon & Dempson 1989 (LB); 29. Groot et al. 1989 (BC); 30. Marcogliese & Cone 1991a (LB, NL); 31. Marcogliese & Cone 1991b (NF); 32. Adamson et al. 1992 (BC); 33. Despres et al. 1995 (BC); 34. Kolasa & Curtis 1995 (QC); 35. Nener et al. 1995 (BC); 36. Bennett et al. 1998 (BC); 37. Desdevises et al. 1998 (QC)

Figures

FIGURE 36. Philonema agubernaculum Simon & Simon, 1936. A. male, posterior end; B. female, anterior end; C. female, posterior end. (Redrawn from Simon & Simon 1936 but with the addition in B. of a nerve ring)

FIGURE 37. Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933. A. female, en face view; B. male, anterior end, lateral view; C. male, posterior end, lateral view; D. gravid female, anterior end, with larvae in uterus; E. subgravid female, posterior end, with eggs in uterus. (Redrawn from Moravec & Nagasawa 1999 a)