Paragyrtodes modestus Szymczakowski, 1966

Kilian, Aleksandra, 2007, Comparative morphology of larval Camiarinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) Part I. Genus Paragyrtodes Szymczakowski 1966, Zootaxa 1640, pp. 1-39 : 27-30

Paragyrtodes modestus Szymczakowski, 1966

Material examined. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: vial 3 containing 33 larvae, and labeled Kyogle, Wiangarie S.F., Brindle Creek, 800 m, 21.VI.1978, S. & J. Peck, log and bark litter, warm temperate forest, [ Paragyrtodes modestus Szym. , det. A. Newton, 1978. Paragyrtodes modestus det. Newton, 2002].

Diagnosis. Pigmentation light brown, not forming pattern. Head with 6 campaniform sensilla in all instars (lateral campaniform sensillum present in all instars); subprimary setae Dd1 ’ absent. Asperities on head absent as in P. candens , in all instars, except small area of granulation in instar I ( Fig. 3 ). Digitiform solenidium (Sa) of antennomere II shorter than antennomere III and shorter (0.05 mm) than Sa in P. candens (0.13 mm) in instar III; sensilla IIIs4 on antennomere III (instar III) very small, shorter than in P. candens (Fig. 84). Median portion of labrum strongly protruding, with 3 pairs of basiconic sensilla (subprimary pair smaller). Mandible with apex bent slighthly toward mola (instar I). Mandible without spine or group of spines below prostheca in instar III. Pretergal glands near anterior margins of meso-, metanotum (12–16 pairs) and abdominal tergites (6–9 pairs) (Fig. 79) in instar III. Abdominal tergite IX with 2 groups of 7 glands (G T) mediolaterally (instar III). Seta Db2 on pronotum present in all instars. Subprimary minute setae Da2 ’, Db2 ’, Dc2 ’ on abdominal terga I–VIII present. Abdominal terga with seta P4 of normal size and P ’ seta/ae present in instar III. Asperities in instar III on tergites and on sternite of abdominal segment IX present. Suprimary seta Vp3 ’ on abdominal sternite IX present. Sternites of abdominal segment I–VIII with sparse asperities (instar III). Anal membrane with 1 pair of small setae and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla above D1 / D2 / D3 (instar III) dorsally and pairs of small setae on ventral side of anal membrane medially. Urogomphal segment II with asperities in instar I; 2.5x longer than segment I (instar III). Posterior setae of tergites in instar III strongly sclerotized, shorter than in P. candens (lenght of P2 = 0.18 mm – 0.23 mm).

Description. Body: Instar I: Cylindrical, narrowed posteriorly. Total body length: 2.36–3.25 mm. Instar II: Total body length: 3.32–4.05 mm. Instar III: Average total body length: 5.1 mm. Color (alcohol preserved specimens): Head, prothorax and first abdominal segment the most pigmented, light brown. Tergal setae of posterior row light brown, pointed or expanded, lenghten toward posterior end of body, ribbed parallelly (Fig. 81). Mandible at apex more sclerotized, light brown. Rest of body creamy yellow. Front and back of all tergites and sternites membraneous, creamy yellow. Carina present on mesonotum, metanotum, abdominal tergites I–VIII. Midlongitudinal ecdysial line on pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and abdominal tergites I. Pretergal glands near anterior margins of meso-, metanotum (12–16 pairs) and abdominal tergites I–VIII (6–9 pairs). Abdominal tergite IX with 2 groups of 7 tergal glands (G T?) mediolaterally (instar III). Tergal glands on all terga of body, medially on pronotum, near anterior margin of terga on rest tergites. Spiracles annular. Normal type of respiratory system (peripneustic) with 9 pairs of spiracles on laterotergites, between prothorax and mesothorax and 8 pairs of abdominal dorsolateral spiracles on abdominal segments I–VIII.

Head ( Figs. 3, 5 , 7, 9 , 82): Prognathous. Cranium wider than long. Stemmata: 5 on each side of head, dorsolaterally and lateroventrally. Instar I: Microsculpture: asperities absent; only near base of frontal suture (below of seta Dc4) area with granulations. HW/HL = 1.5; head width: 0.50 mm. Epicranial stem short, anterior arms with branches. Chaetotaxy of dorsal side: row Da with setae Da1 and Da2; row Db with 3 setae (Db1, Db2, Db3); row Dc with 4 setae (Dc1–Dc4); row Dd with 3 setae (Dd2–Dd4); row De with 1 seta De 2; 4 posterior setae (P1–P4); campaniform sensilla include 6 pairs; ventral side of head with 3 ventrolateral setae (Vl1, Vl2, Vl3), 2 lateral setae (L1, L2) and 2 campaniform sensilla (lateral and ventral). Instar II: HW/HL = 1.5; head width: 0.61 mm. Instar III: HW/HL = 1.5; head width: 0.77 mm. Subprimary setae Dd2a ’, De *a’ present, 2 ventrolateral subprimary setae. Microsculpture: asperities absent, symmetrical depressions with honey-comb pattern present; granulated area below Dc4 absent.

Antenna ( Figs. 12, 14 , 83, 84): Instar I: Length of antennomeres I+II+III = 0.27 mm. Antennal formula (length ratio of antennal segments I/II/III/digitiform solenidium of segment II) = 2.2/4.7/2/1; length ratio of antennomere II/digitiform solenidium = 4.7; length ratio of antennomeres II/III = 2.3. Antennomere I with 2 setae and 5 campaniform sensilla. Antennomere II with 4 setae in mid part; on ventral side with one large, undivided digitiform solenidium (Sa) on lateral edge and 2 small solenidia (IIs1, IIs2) at base of digitiform solenidium. Antennomere III with 3 subapical setae, 1 apical pointed process (IIIs1), 1 peg-like apical sensillum (IIIs2) and 2 subapical setiform sensilla (IIIs3, IIIs4). Asperities absent. Instar II: Length of antennomere I+II+III = 0.36 mm. Antennal formula = 2.25/4.7/2.1; length ratio of antennomere II/digitiform solenidium length = 4.7; length ratio of antennomeres II/III = 3.6. Instar III: Length of antennomeres I+II+III = 0.42 mm. Antennal formula = 2.8/4.7/1.2/1; length ratio of antennomere II/digitiform solenidium length = 4.7; length ratio of antennomeres II/III = 3.7. Antennomere II with 12 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum dorsally. Antennomere III with reduced (?), subapical, very small sensillum IIIs4. Asperities absent.

Labrum (Figs. 16, 18): Instar I: Subquadrate, with apical protruding stronger than in P. candens , emarginated laterally, rounded marginally, average labrum width = 0.18 mm; average length = 0.09 mm; epipharynx with median, transverse row of ca. 13 campaniform sensilla, preceded by 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla above; dorsal surface of labrum with pair of large setae (Ld1) in mid part, 1 pair of campaniform sensilla medially; 5 pairs of setae on the margin of labrum (Lm1–Lm5), pair of sensilla in depressions on dorsomedial margin and 2 pairs of sensilla basiconica apicomedially. Instar II: Average labrum width = 0.19 mm; average length = 0.11 mm. Instar III: Similar to instar I, with 1 pair of setae dorsoapically (Ld2’). Epipharynx with asperities above of transverse row of 17 campaniform sensilla and microtrichiae below. Average labrum width = 0.22 mm; average length = 0.13 mm.

Mandible (Figs. 21, 22, 85, 86, 87): Instar I: Mandible width = 0.18 mm; length = 0.21 mm. Mandible apex multidentate; prostheca with sclerotised 6–7 teeth; mola distinct with ca. 170 sclerotized regular rows of teeth and rows of microtrichiae on ventral side; dorsal surface with 2 campaniform sensilla (c.s.1, c.s.2) and 2 setae (M1, M2). Instar II: Mandible width = 0.21 mm; length = 0.27 mm. Instar III: Mandible width = 0.22 mm; length = 0.32 mm. Subprimary dorsal setae M3 ’, M4 ’, campaniform sensillum c.s.3’; ca. 170 molar teeth ventrally and dense rows of microtrichiae; ca. 100 regular teeth dorsolaterally and rows of microtrichiae on dorsal side of mola.

Maxilla ( Figs. 25, 26, 27 , 88, 89 ): Instar I: Cardo transverse, triangular. Stipes broad, not distinctly separated from mala, with 3 setae. Mala with apex divided into galea and lacinia, with 2 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum ventrally; dorsal surface with numerous, cuticular spines. Maxillary articulating area present, welldeveloped. Lanceolate lacinia with 6 mesal spines; galea with fimbriate apex; maxillary palp 3-segmented. Segment I with 2 apical campaniform sensilla. Segment II with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla apically. Segment III with digitiform sensillum (SD) and numerous, various sensilla subapically and apically; maxillary formula (length ratio of maxillary palp segments I/II/III) =1.25/1/2; length ratio of maxillary palp segments I/ II = 1.25; length ratio of maxillary palp segments II/III = 0.5. Instar II: maxillary formula = 1.4/1/1.6; length ratio of maxillary palp segments I/II = 1.4; length ratio of maxillary palp segments II/III = 0.6. Instar III: Galea with fimbriate, bibranched apex and 2 setae between branches; lacinia as in Fig. 90 ; additional small seta at base of palpi segment I; maxillary formula (length ratio of maxillary palp segments I/II/III) = 1.2/1/1.4; length ratio of maxillary palp segments I/II = 1.2; length ratio of maxillary palp segments II/III = 0.7. Apex of maxillary palp III as in Fig. 88 , with 3 peg-like sensilla and a few other smaller sensilla.

Labium ( Figs. 29, 30, 31 , 88, 90 ): Instar I: Labial palp: LBI/LBII = 2; segment I with 1 subapical campaniform sensillum; segment II with numerous subapical and apical sensilla. Ligula emarginated anteromedially, with pair of serrate lobes and 1 pair of lateral small sensilla basiconica. Praementum with pair of setae. Mentum with 3 pairs of setae. Submentum with pair of setae. Instar II: Labial palp: LBI/LBII = 2. Instar III: Labial palp: LBI/LBII = 1.8; segment I with 1 small seta near base and few small spines on external apical edge; segment II with 3 subapical campaniform sensilla. Praementum with pair of campaniform sensilla, pair of large, and pair of minute setae. Mentum with 4 pairs of setae and pair of campaniform sensilla. Submentum with pair of large setae. Hypopharyngeal sclerome as in Fig. 32. Hypopharynx with 2 pairs of sensilla in mid part ( Fig. 90 ).

Leg: 5-segmented, asperities absent. Instar III: Coxa: With 18 setae. Trochanter: Triangular, with 2 anterolateral setae (Al1, Al2), 1 anteroventral (Av1), 1 anterodorsal seta (Ad1), 2 ventral setae (V1, V2) and 5 campaniform sensilla; posterior side with 2 posterolateral setae (Pl1, Pl2), 2 posterior campaniform sensilla. Femur: With single ventral seta (V), 3 anteroventral setae (Av1, Av2, Av3), 5 anterolateral setae (Al1–Al5), 5 posterolateral setae (Pl1, Pl2, 3 Pl), 5 dorsal seta (D) and 1 anterodorsal campaniform sensillum (ads), Tibia: As long as femur, with ca. 22 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum. Tarsungulus: Long, pointed, with single pair of setae.

Prothorax (Figs. 33, 41): Instar I: N1L/W = 0.51, N1W = 0.45 mm; chaetotaxy as follows: Row Da with 2 setae (Da1, Da2); row Db with 2 setae (Db1, Db2); row Dc with 2 setae (Dc1, Dc2); row Dd with single seta Dd1; row De with single seta De 1; row L with 2 setae (L, Lb); posterior transverse row with 4 setae (P1, P2, P4, P5); campaniform sensilla include: ds1, ds2, ds3, ds4, ps1, ps2, ls1; asperities absent; all setae pointed. Instar II: N1W = 0.69 mm. Instar III: N1L/W= 0.54, N1W = 1.03 mm; chaetotaxy as follows: between P1 / P2 1 seta (P’), between P2 / P3 1–2 setae; 1 seta (P’) between P4 / P5; 1 seta (La’) between P5 / L; above Da1 / subprimary seta Da1’; between Dc1 / Dd1 subprimary seta Dc1’; all setae pointed; pair of tergal glands above Db2 (G T); asperities absent. Anterior sternal part (prosternum) with 2 pairs of setae medially. Pleurites: 4–5 setae on episternum and 1 seta on epimeron.

Mesothorax (Figs. 35, 43): Instar I: N2L/W = 0.45, N2W = 0.44 mm; chaetotaxy as follows: Row Da with setae Da1 and Da2; row Db with setae Db1, Db2; row Dc with setae Dc1, Dc2; row Dd with 2 minute pretergal setae (Dd1? and Dd1 *?); laterally: De 1, L, Lb; posterior row with setae: P1, P2, P4, P5; campaniform sensilla include: ds1, ps1, ps2, ls1; setae pointed except P4; asperities absent. Instar II: N2L/W = 0.41, N2W = 0.76 mm. Instar III: N2L/W = 0.41, N2W = 1.10 mm; chaetotaxy: Setae pointed; primary setae ribbed paralelly; secondary minute setae in mid part of terga, subprimary minute setae D2 ’, Dd2 ’?, D3 ’?; between P1 / P2 1 subprimary seta (P ’), between P2 / P4 1–2 subprimary setae (P’); between P4 / P5 1 subprimary seta (P’); 1 subprimary seta (La ’) between P5 / L; pair of tergal glands near anterior margin of terga (G T); 7–9 pretergal glands on each side of terga (G P); asperities absent. Anterior sternal part (prosternum) with pair of setae medially. Pleurites: 2 setae on episternum and 1 seta on epimeron.

Metathorax (Figs. 37, 45): Instar I: N3L/W = 0.53, N3W = 0.43 mm; chaetotaxy: Row Da with Da1, Da2; row Db with setae Db1, Db2; row Dc with setae Dc1, Dc2; row Dd with 2 minute pretergal setae (Dd1, Dd1 *); laterally: De 1, L, Lb; posterior row with setae: P1, P2, P4, P5; campaniform sensilla include: ds1, ps1, ps2, ls1; setae pointed except P4; asperities absent. Instar II: N3L/W = 0.42, N3W = 0.79 mm. Instar III: N3L/ W = 0.42, N3W = 1.10 mm; chaetotaxy: Setae pointed; primary setae ribbed paralelly; subprimary, minute setae D2 ’, Dd2 ’?, D3 ’?, between P1 / P2 1 subprimary seta (P ’), between P2 / P4 1 subprimary seta (P’); between P4 / P5 1 subprimary seta (P’); 1 subprimary seta (La’) between P5 / L; pair of tergal glands/sensilla near anterior margin of terga; 7–9 pretergal glands on each side of terga asperities (G P); asperities absent. Anterior sternal part (prosternum) with pair of setae medially. Pleurites: 4 setae on episternum and 1 seta on epimeron.

Abdominal Terga I–VIII (Figs. 39, 47, 48, 79, 80, 81): Instar I: A1L/W = 0.33; A1W = 0.43 mm. Transverse. Chaetotaxy: small, pretergal setae (Da1, Dc1, Dd1, Dd1 *); posterior transverse row with pointed setae P1, P2 and expanded P4, P5; 3 lateral setae (L, La, De 1), above and laterally to P5 seta Dd2?; campaniform sensilla include: ds1, ps1, ps2, ps3? (socket of seta?), ls1 (near spiracle and small seta La); asperities absent or sparse. Instar II: A1L/W = 0.53, A1W = 0.72 mm. Instar III: A1L/W = 0.34, A1W = 0.97 mm; chaetotaxy: 1 subprimary seta between P4/P5 (P’), minute, subprimary setae D1 ’?, Da2 ’?, Db2 ’?, Dc2 ’?, D2 ’?; 3–4 pretergal setae and 7–9 pretergal glands (G P); pair of tergal glands/sensilla near anterior margin of terga (G T). Abdominal tergite VIII without small seta between P4/P5; asperities very sparse.

Abdominal Tergum IX ( Figs. 60 , 62 ): Instar I: Tergum without midlongitudinal ecdysial line, with large setae D1, D2, D3 and 3 pairs of smaller setae; pair of campaniform sensilla and pair of setae laterally; asperities arranged into transverse rows in mid part of tergum. Instar III: With additional setae near seta Dl3 (Dl2’ and Dl4 ’); group of 6–7 glands on each side of tergum; asperities arranged into transverse rows on whole tergum.

Abdominal Sterna I–VIII (Figs. 51, 56): Instar I: With 5 setae in posterior row (Vp1, Vp2, Vp4, Vp5, Vp6), 2 setae medially (V1, V2); asperities absent. Instar III: 2 subprimary setae in posterior row (Vp3 ’, V6 ’) and 3 subprimary setae above (V3 ’– V5 ’); asperities rather dense, arranged into short rows.

Abdominal Sternum IX (Figs. 53, 58): Instar I: With 4 setae in posterior row (Vp1, Vp2, Vp4, Vp5), 2 setae medially (V1, V2); asperities absent. Instar III: Posterior row with subprimary seta Vp3 ’, asperities arranged into short, transverse rows.

Spiracles ( Fig. 91 ): Annular; normal type of respiratory system (peripneustic) with 9 pairs of spiracles on laterotergites, between the prothorax and mesothorax and 8 pairs of abdominal dorsolateral spiracles on abdominal segments I–VIII.

Anal Membrane (Figs. 55, 57, 62, 97): Instar I: Seta D3 and campaniform sensillum laterodorsally; sparse asperities; ventral side with 5 pairs of setae lateromedially and 4 setae below, medially; two ventrolateral lobes with small hooks on either side. Instar III: On dorsal side with large setae D1, D2, D3 and 1 pairs of smaller setae mediolaterally, and pair of setae laterally; 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla (laterally, medially); asperities in mid part of membrane arranged into short transverse rows; two ventrolateral lobes with small hooks on either side; ventral side with 4 pairs of campaniform sensilla on margin, 5 pairs of setae medially, 4– 5 setae below and asperities in mid part of membrane arranged into short transverse rows.

Urogomphus ( Figs. 60 , 62, 65 ): Instar I: Formula URI:URII:URS (length ratio of urogomphal segment I/ II/apical seta) = 2.25:5.75:1; length ratio URI/URII = 0.40; length ratio URII/URS = 5.75; average total length of URI+URII = 0.26 mm; urogomphus segment I with 8 setae and 4 campaniform sensilla; urogomphus segment II crenulate (wrinkled) with 1 apical seta; asperities only on segment II, sparse. Instar II: Formula URI:URII:URS = 3.3:6.7:1; length ratio URI/URII = 0.5; length ratio URII/URS = 6.7; total length of URI+URII = 0.66 mm. Instar III: Formula URI:URII:URS = 2.7:6.1:1; length ratio URI/URII = 0.44; length ratio URII/URS = 6.1; average total length of URI+URII = 0.88 mm; urogomphus segment I with 9 setae and 5 dorsal campaniform sensilla (2 at base of segment II, 3 in the mid part of segment); asperities absent, microsculpture as in Fig. 78.

Figures

FIGURES 2 – 5. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (2, 4) and P. modestus (3, 5). 2, 3 — head of instar I, dorsal view; 4, 5 — head of instar III, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. St, stemmata; c. s, campaniform sensillum.

FIGURES 6 – 9. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (6, 8) and P. modestus (7, 9). 6 ― head of instar I, ventral view; 7 — head of instar I, ventral view; 8 — head of instar III, ventral view; 9 — head of instar III, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 14. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (10, 11, 13) and P. modestus (12, 14). 10 — antenna, dorsal view of instar II; 11 — antenna, ventral view of instar III; 12 — antenna, dorsal and ventral view of instar III; 13 — antenna, dorsal and ventral view of instar I; 14 — antenna, dorsal and ventral view of instar I. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Sa, sensory appendage (digitiform solenidium).

FIGURES 23 – 27. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (23, 24) and P. m o d e s t u s (25, 26, 27). 23 — ventral view of maxilla, instar III; 24 — dorsal view of maxilla, instar III; 25 — ventral view of maxilla, instar I; 26 — ventral view of maxilla, instar III; 27 — dorsal view of maxilla, instar III. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Cdo, cardo; Ga, galea; La, lacinia; Ma, mala; MpI, MpII, MpIII, maxillary palpi segment I, II, III; SD, solenidium digitiform; Stp, stipes.

FIGURES 85 – 91. Details of Paragyrtodes modestus. Larvae of third instar. 85 — apex of mandible; 86 — mandibular mola in ventrolaterally view; 87 — mandibular mola in dorsolaterally view with prostheca visible; 88 — mouthparts: galea and lacinia of maxilla, and serrate lobes of hypopharynx; 89 — apex of maxillary palpi segment III; 90 — apex of labial palpi segment II; 91 — spiracle.

FIGURES 28 – 31. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (28) and P. m o d e s t u s (29, 30, 31). 28 — ventral view of labium, instar II; 29 — ventral view of labium, instar III; 30 — ventral view of labium, instar I; 31 — hypopharynx with hyphopharyngeal sclerome, instar III. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Lg, ligula; Mnt, mentum; Pmnt, praementum; Smnt, submentum.

FIGURES 56 – 60. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (56, 58, 59) and P. modestus (56, 57, 58, 60). Larvae of first instar. 56 — abdominal sternite; 57 — anal membrane; 58 — abdominal sternite and tergite IX; 59 — urogomphus, lateral view; 60 — abdominal tergite IX with urogomphi. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 61 – 65. Details of Paragyrtodes candens (61, 63, 64) and P. modestus (62, 65). Larvae of third instar. 61 — abdominal tergite IX with urogomphus and anal membrane; 62 — abdominal tergite IX with urogomphus and anal membrane; 63 — ventral side of urogomphus; 64 — dorsal side of urogomphus; 65 — dorsal and ventral side of urogomphus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.