Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, 1971

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 86-87

Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, 1971

( Figs 58 , 59 ) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405133)

Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, 1971: 140 ; Achterberg & Aartsen, 1986: 37; Viitasaari, 2002b: 340; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Vikberg, 2002: 444; Shinohara & Vasilenko, 2005: 33; Taeger et al., 2006: 465; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov, 2017: 104.

Material examined. About 215 specimens, of which 210 are from Korea (present work). New collection data: FINLAND: 1♀, “Suomi EH: Pälkäne, ex larva, 23. 5. 1975, 17/74, leg. J. Kangas, Sorbus aucuparia ” “ Pamphilius aucupariae V. Vikberg , ♀, coll. J. Kangas” ( NSMT); 1♀, “Suomi EH: Lammi, 30. V. 1967, leg. Kontuniemi” “ Paratype, Pamphilius aucupariae sp. n., det. V. Vikberg, 1971 ” “From V. Vikberg, 14. III. 1983 ” ( NSMT); 1♂, “Fennia 6798:354, Suomi EH: Pälkäne, ex larva, 31/5 1974, leg. J. Kangas” “ Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg , ♂, coll. Jaakko Kangas” “From V. Vikberg, 14. III. 1983 ” ( NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 31. V . 1991 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 1♀ 8♂, same locality, 30–31. V . 1992 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 5♂, same locality, 29. V.–1. VI . 1996 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 29. V.–1. VI . 1996 , J.-W. Kim ( NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 6. VI . 1996 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 13♂, same locality, 6. VI . 1996 , J.-W. Kim ( NSMT); 49♂, same locality, 26. V.–7. VI . 1997 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 4♂, same locality, 1–3. VI . 1997 , J.-W. Kim ( NSMT); 1♀ 26♂, same locality, 27. V.–1. VI . 1998 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 21♂, same locality, 24. V.–3. VI . 2002 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 3♂ ( NSMT 30768–30770 ), same locality, 25. V.–1. VI . 2008 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 7♂ (incl. NSMT 30861 ), same locality, 27. V.–5. VI . 2009 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 2♂, same locality, 11. VI . 2010 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT). Jeollanam-do: 39♂, Jungsanri–Popkyesa, 1000–1300m, Jirisan Mts ., 25–29. V . 1987 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 26♂, Mt. Nogodan, 1200m, Jirisan Mts ., 4–5. VI . 1996 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT).

Distribution. Finland, Russia (Yakutia) ( Shinohara & Vasilenko 2005). South Korea (new record).

Host plant. Rosaceae : Sorbus aucuparia L.

Remarks. This is a rare species previously known only from Finland and Yakutia, Russia ( Shinohara & Vasilenko 2005). This is the first record from Korea. The larvae are gregarious web-spinners on Sorbus ( Vikberg 2002) . Another species of Pamphilius , whose larvae are gregarious web-spinners on Sorbus , is P. montanus montanus Shinohara, 1985 , from Honshu, Japan ( Shinohara & Kojima 2011). The larvae of these two species have not been differentiated.

The Korean specimens examined differ from the Finnish specimens in a darker colour pattern. In Korean females, the entire tergum 1, large areas on the terga 2 and 6 and the entire terga 7 and 8 are black and all the sterna are broadly black basally. In Finnish females, the entire tergum 1 and very narrow areas on the terga 2 and 6 to 8 are black and the sterna 2, 3, 6 and 7 are marked with black basally. In almost all males from Korea, the postocular stripe terminates at the corner of the upper inner orbits, whereas the postocular stripe extends ventrally along the inner orbits in the Finnish males (see fig. 2 in Vikberg 1971). In structural characters, no conspicuous differences have been found.

In our molecular analysis, the maximum intraspecific p -distance was 1.3% in COI (n=4) and 0.1% in NaK (n=4). The nearest neighbour was P. balteatus ( Fallén, 1808) , diverging by a minimum of 3.7% in the COI analysis, and P. confusus Shinohara, 2005 , diverging by a minimum of 0.4%, in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree ( Fig. 151 ), P. aucupariae branched off near the base of the P. vafer group and its affinities are unclear, whereas in the NaK tree ( Fig. 161 ) it was retrieved as sister to P. leleji with UFBoot support of 98%.

Figures

FIGURE 58. Pamphilius aucupariae, female, Korea – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) claw, (h) sawsheath laterally.

FIGURE 59. Pamphilius aucupariae, male, Korea – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) genitalia dorsally, (h) genitalia ventrally, (i) claw.

FIGURE 151. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 4.

FIGURE 161. Condensed ML tree based on NaK gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 2.