Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)

Lin, Chien-Hsiang, Wu, Siao-Man, Lin, Chia-Yen & Chien, Chi-Wei, 2023, Early Pliocene otolith assemblages from the outer-shelf environment reveal the establishment of mesopelagic fish fauna over 3 million years ago in southwestern Taiwan, Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (23) 142 (1), pp. 1-40 : 35

Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)

Figure 18c

?2021 Pagrus major —Mitsui et al.: Fig. 9F [ Japan].

Remarks Two fusiform otoliths with strong postero-dorsal and postero-ventral angles share similarities with the otoliths of the family Sparidae . Te otoliths of 12 species and all genera of Sparidae found in Taiwan are provided in Figs. 19 , 20 . Although the surface erosion and incomplete preservation of the rostral part make a definitive identification challenging, the general outline, convexity of the inner face, concavity of the outer face, and sulcus characteristics align with those of P. major . Te otolith reported by Mitsui et al. (2021) has a somewhat taller outline, but it appears to belong to a juvenile individual.

Figures

Fig. 18 Fish otoliths from the Lower Pliocene Gutingkeng Formation,southern Taiwan. Scale bars =1 mm. Images are inner views unless otherwise indicated. a Bembridae indet., Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100696. b Antigonia sp., Site 2, ASIZF 0100697. c Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel,1843), Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100698. d–e Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson, 1911), ASIZF 0100699–700, d Site 5, sand layer, e Site 5, mud layer. f utricular otolith, Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100701. 1, ventral view; 2, inner view

Fig. 9 Fish otoliths from the Lower Pliocene Gutingkeng Formation, southern Taiwan. Scale bars=1 mm. Images are inner views unless otherwise indicated. a Diogenichthys sp., Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100628. b–c Myctophum sp., Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100629–630. d Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845), Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100631. e Lampanyctus alatus Goode & Bean,1896,Site 5, sand layer, ASIZF 0100632. f–h Coelorinchus sp., ASIZF 0100633–635, f–g Site 2, h Site 5, sand layer. 1, ventral view; 2, inner view

Fig. 19 Extant otoliths of Sparidae from Taiwan.Scale bars =1 mm. Images are inner views.a–b, Acanthopagrus chinshira Kume & Yoshino, 2008, a 24 Dec. 2020, 232.86 mm SL, CHLOL 1937, b 28 Aug. 2019, 182.27 mm SL, CHLOL 621. c–d Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782), c, 31 Oct. 2019, 226.97 mm SL, CHLOL 674, d 31 Oct. 2019,233.84 mm SL,CHLOL 688. e–f Acanthopagrus pacificus Iwatsuki, Kume & Yoshino 2010, e 28 Aug. 2019, 300.32 mm SL, CHLOL 625, f 10 Feb. 2020, 230.00 mm SL, CHLOL 737. g–h Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854), g 28 Aug. 2019,156.12 mm SL, CHLOL 622, h 19 Jan. 2020, 173.88 mm SL, CHLOL 718. i–j Acanthopagrus sivicolus Akazaki, 1962, i 31 Oct. 2019,223.51 mm SL,CHLOL 683, j 31 Oct. 2019,217.26 mm SL,CHLOL 684. k Acanthopagrus taiwanensis Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2006, 24 Dec. 2020, 223.56 mm SL, CHLOL 1938. l–n Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775), l 31 Oct. 2019, 203.79 mm SL,CHLOL 697, m 18 Dec. 2020, 144.89 mm SL, CHLOL 1643, n 21 Aug. 2019, 172.10 mm SL, CHLOL 578

Fig. 20 Extant otoliths of Sparidae from Taiwan.Scale bars =1 mm. Images are inner views.a–d Dentex hypselosomus Bleeker,1854,a 3 Sep. 2021, 133.64 mm SL, CHLOL 12954,b 25 Jul.2020,211.22 mm SL,CHLOL 955, c, 15 Aug. 2020, 260.48 mm SL,CHLOL 1190,d 3 Sep. 2021, 89.04 mm SL, CHLOL 12951.e–h Argyrops bleekeri Oshima, 1927, e 4 Apr. 2022, 43.44 mm SL,CHLOL 17282, f 16 Apr. 2022, 54.79 mm SL,CHLOL 17425, g 17 Jun. 2022, 320.41 mm SL,CHLOL 18574,h 3 Jun. 2022, 96.95 mm SL,CHLOL 18528. i–l Evynnis cardinalis (Lacepède, 1802), i 28 Aug. 2019,130.88 mm SL, CHLOL 643, j 3 Sep. 2021, 100.93 mm SL, CHLOL 12236,k, 3 Sep. 2021, 59.38 mm SL,CHLOL 11976, l 31 Oct.2019,162.74 mm SL,CHLOL 695. m–p Evynnis tumifrons (Temminck & Schlegel,1843), m 25 Jul. 2020, 192.32 mm SL, CHLOL 956, n 3 Sep. 2021, 125.10 mm SL, CHLOL 11388,o 26 Oct. 2021, 84.32 mm SL, CHLOL 10206, p 15 Aug. 2020, 242.99 mm SL, CHLOL 1159. q–s Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843), q 24 Apr. 2021, 260.38 mm SL, CHLOL 5451, r 17 Aug. 2022, 108.88 mm SL, CHLOL 19786, s 24 Apr. 2021, 183.25 mm SL,CHLOL 5443