Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares, 1964

Gudin, Filipe M. & Nihei, Silvio S., 2019, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Ormiophasia Townsend, 1919 (Diptera: Tachinidae), with the description of eight new species, Zootaxa 4643 (1), pp. 1-74 : 25-29

Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares, 1964

( Figs 5B , 7B , 9B , 11B , 13B , 17–18 , 38B )

Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares, 1964: 42 (description of male, illustrations of head, abdomen, wing and terminalia). Holotype male (CEIOC), examined. Type locality: Brazil, Pará , Serra do Cachimbo.

Ormiophasia causeyi: Tavares (1964: 39 ; key to species); Guimarães (1971: 22; catalog).

Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ ( Fig. 18 ): “ Cachimbo [ridge located South the state of Pará , compris- ing some municipalities of Pará ], Estado do Pará [PA, state of Brazil]/ Alt 400m, 12/18–I–956 [1956.01.12 –18]/ L. Travassos & S. Oliveira col.”/ “ Ormiophasia causeyi / O. Tavares det.”/ “Holotipo” [red label]/ “N. 13.189/ DIP- TERA/ Inst. Oswaldo Cruz” ( CEIOC).

Additional material examined. Brazil: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Amazon River , [no date], H.W. Bates leg. ( NHMUK) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Castanho-Careiro, AM 359 [highway] Km 39, 3º43’59”S 60º20’09”W, 6–7.xi.2010, J.A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂ [dissected], Amazonas, Ipixuna, Gregório River , Com. Lago Grande , 7º10’11.7”S 70º49’10.3”W, 20.v.2011, J.A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂, Amazonas, Ipixuna, Gregório River , Com. Lago Grande , 7º10’11.7”S 70º49’10.3”W, 22.v.2011, J.A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, AM 10 [high- way] Km 26, 20.ix.1978, Arias leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ [dissected], Amazonas, Manaus, Km 14, 40 m, 2º35’21”S 60º06’55”W, 21–24.i.2004, C.S. Mota et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 2 ♂♂ [one dissected], 2 ♀♀ [one photographed] ( Figs 7B , 13B , 17B, D, F ), Amazonas, Manaus, Km 14, 40 m, 2º35’21”S 60º06’55”W, 18–21.ii.2004, J.A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂ [dissected], Amazonas, Manaus, Km 14, 40 m, 2º35’21”S 60º06’55”W, 19–22.iii.2004, J.A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Manaus, Km 14, 40 m, 2º35’21”S 60º06’55”W, 18–21.v.2004, A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂ [photographed] ( Figs 5B , 9B , 11B , 17A, C, E, G ), Amazonas, Manaus, Km 14, 40 m, 2º35’21”S 60º06’55”W, 16–19.vii.2004, A. Rafael et al. leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂ [dissected], Amazonas, Manaus , 1.x.2005, Rafael et al. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Manaus, AM 10 [highway] Km 50, 2º35’21”S 60º06’55”W, 4.iii.2011, J.A. Rafael & R.F. Silva leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Novo Airão, Jaú River , Meriti , 4–10.vi.1994, J.A. Rafael leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂, Amazonas, Novo Airão, AM 352 [highway] Km 10, 2º42’56.5”S 60º56’26.7”W, 29.viii.2011, J.A. Rafael leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♂, Amazonas, Novo Airão, AM 352 [highway] Km 10, 2º42’56.5”S 60º56’26.7”W, 30.viii.2011, J.A. Rafael leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, National Park of Jaú , 1º54’27”S 61º35’10”W, 29.vii–8.viii.2001, Henriques & Vidal leg. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, BR 174 [highway] Km 200, 27.i.2006, J.A. Rafael et al. ( INPA) ; 1 ♀, Pará, Altamira, Xingu River , 3º39’S 52º22’W, 2–8.x.1986, P. Spangler & O. Flint leg. ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Pará, Bragança , 06.ix.1978 [no collector] ( MPEG) ; 4 ♀♀, Pará, Cachimbo , 400 m, 12–18.i.1956, L. Travas- sos & S. Oliveira leg. ( CEIOC) ; 1 ♂ [dissected], Pará, São Miguel do Guamá , 26.ii.1987, P. Tadeu leg. ( MPEG) ; 1 ♂, Pará, Santarém , 15.x–15.xi.1966, O.H. Knowles leg. ( NHMUK) ; 2 ♀♀, Rondônia, Monte Negro , SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP, 187 m, 10º16’35”S 63º20’40”, 3–15.xii.2011, Amorim et al. ( MZSP) . Colombia: 1 ♀, Antioquia, Providencia, Aljibe, Providencia , 1.xii.1970, Richar W. Pinger leg. ( USNM) . Ecuador: 1 ♀, Napo, Limoncocha , 8.vi.1977, P.J. Spangler & D.R. Givens leg. ( USNM) . Guyana: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kutari Sources , i–ii.1936, G.A. Hudson leg. ( NHMUK) ; 1 ♂, Upper Courantyne River , ix.1935, G.A. Hudson leg. ( NHMUK) ; 1 ♂, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Kanuku Mountains, Kumu River & Falls , 3 o 15.9’N 59 o 43.5’W, 28–30.iv.1995, Wayne N. Mathis leg. ( USNM) . Peru: 2 ♀♀, Madre de Dios, Tambopata River , 290 m, 16–20.xi.1979, J.B. Heppner leg. ( USNM) . Trinidad and Tobago: 1 ♂, Diego Martin, Saint George, Blue Basin Falls , 10 o 44’N 61 o 32’W, 21.vi.1993, W.N. Mathis leg. ( USNM) . Venezuela: 1 ♀, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Baria River , 140 m, 0 o 55’N 66º10’W, 26.ii.1984, C. Padilla leg. ( MIZA) ; 1 ♀, Aragua, Rancho Grande , 1100m, 25–26.i.1978, J.B. Heppner leg. ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Bolivar, Santa Elena, El Dorado, Km 38, 160 m, 29.viii.1957, F. Fernandez Y. & C.J. Rosales leg. ( MIZA) ; 1 ♀, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina [near to Neblina ], 760 m, 0 o 58’N 65º57’W, 15–18.iii.1984, O.S. Flint Jr. leg. ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Merida, Merida, 1.vi.1976, A.S. Manke & D. Vincent ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Monagas, Caripitos , [no date], P. Anduze ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Monagas, Jusepin , 20.x.1965, F. Fernandez Y. & C.J. Rosales leg. ( MIZA) .

Distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia), Colombia (department of Antioquia), Ecuador (region of Napo), Guyana (region of Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo), Peru (department of Madre de Dios), Trinidad and Tobago (region of Diego Martin) and Venezuela (states of Amazonas, Aragua, Bolivar, Merida and Monagas).

Diagnosis. Ormiophasia causeyi can be distinguished from other species of Ormiophasia by clypeus darker than frontoclypeal membrane ( Fig. 5B , 7B ); head with silver pruinosity; scutum dark brown, contrasting with brown postpronotal lobe (9B, 11B and 13B); wing hyaline ( Fig. 17G ); and apex of male cerci about 1/3 length of cerci ( Fig. 38B ), rounded in posterior view and 1/3 width of cerci, gradually constricted. Ormiophasia causeyi , O. tavaresi sp. nov. and O. chapulini sp. nov. share a hyaline wing and darker body color, but can be clearly distinguished by the length and width of the apex of the male cerci as well as by epandrial characters. Of these three species, O. causeyi is the one with the narrowest apex of cerci (see Figs 38B , 41C , 42A ). Female specimens of O. causeyi and O. chapulini sp. nov. are difficult to discriminate, but O. causeyi usually has arista weakly plumose ( Fig. 17B ) rather than bare ( Fig. 36B ).

Redescription of male. Body length 6.50–8.08 mm (mean = 7.25 mm); wing length 6.55–8.60 mm (7.37 mm) (n = 10).

Coloration. Head silver-pruinose ( Fig. 5B ). Frontal vitta brown. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Fronto-orbital plate gray. Lunule yellowish-gray. Antenna brownish-orange. Parafacial gray. Gena, facial ridge and face brown. Mouthparts brown except clypeus (dark brown) and palpus (light brown). Occiput dark brown in upper area, becoming light brown in lower area. Thorax silver-pruinose ( Figs 9B , 11B ). Scutum dark brown; presutural scutum with three silver-pruinose stripes merged posteriorly after suture. Postpronotal lobe and lateral surface of thorax brown. Scutellum brown. Subscutellum dark brown. Wing hyaline. Tegula dark brown. Basicosta light brown. Veins dark brown. Halter and calypteres light brown. Legs brown. Abdomen entirely brown with silver pruinosity.

Head ( Figs 5B , 17A, C ). Circular in frontal view; ratio of head height/head width 1.00. Ocelli 1.5 times the diameter of dorsal ommatidia. Postocellar setae 2. Frontal vitta entirely or partially obliterated, subequal in width to ocellar triangle. Frontal setae 7–10, convergent, posterior ones shorter and weaker. Arista weakly plumose. First flagellomere 1.5 times longer than pedicel. Face subequal in width to facial ridge. Facial ridge 1.5 times wider than parafacial.

Thorax. Basisternum 0.76 times as high as wide ( Fig. 17E ); median upper margin rounded, subtriangular. Prosternal tympanal membrane 0.75 times as high as wide. Proepimeral setae 2–3, upcurved. Anterodorsal corner of anepisternum with 1–2 weak setae, about 1/2 length of first notopleural seta; posterior row with 6–8 setae. Meral setae 6–9. Wing. Subequal to body length, three times longer than wide. Basicosta subequal in width to tegula. Base of vein R 4+5 with 2 dorsal and 2–4 ventral setae. Section of vein M between crossvein dm-cu and M 1 straight. Legs. Fore femur with row of 11–13 dorsal setae from base to apex and row of 12–16 posteroventral setae from base to apex. Fore tibia with row of four equally-spaced anterodorsal setae and 1 preapical seta. Mid femur with 2–3 posteroventral basal setae. Hind femur with row of 13–15 anterodorsal setae from base to apex and 3–4 anteroventral basal setae. Hind tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal median setae and 1 preapical seta.

Terminalia ( Fig. 38B ). Sternite 5 subrectangular; lateral distal lobes pronounced. Anteroventral epandrial process continuous with ventral epandrial margin. Dorsal surface of epandrium short, posterior margin higher than anterior margin; lateral ventral margin sharply curved; posterior area articulated to surstylus with closed, rounded arch. Surstylus stout, thicker than apex of cerci in lateral view; posterior outer surface covered with strong setae in upper two-thirds. Cerci: basal margin with distinct median projection; apex about 1/3 length of cerci, rounded in posterior view, narrow and tapered in lateral view; apex 1/3 width of cerci in posterior view, gradually constricted; apex with anterior surface slightly U-shaped. Postgonite slightly curved, apex tapered and rounded in lateral view.

Description of female. Differs from male as follows. Body length 6.25–8.83 mm (mean = 7.29 mm); wing length 6.91–9.23 mm (mean = 7.75 mm) (n = 10). Head ( Figs 7B , 17B, D ). Subtrapezoidal in frontal view; ratio of head height/head width 0.75. Frontal vitta 1.5 times width of fronto-orbital plate. Frontal setae 7–10, from lunule to posterior orbital proclinate seta; second or third anteriormost frontal seta stronger and subequal to subvibrissal setae. First flagellomere 2.7 times longer than pedicel. Face 1.4 times wider than facial ridge. Facial ridge 1.8 times wider than parafacial. Thorax. Basisternum 0.63 times as high as wide ( Fig. 17F ); median upper margin rounded, subtriangular. Prosternal tympanal membrane elliptic, 0.70 times as high as wide. Wing 2.8 times longer than wide.

Remarks. The females were associated with the males by being from the same locality. The female of O. causeyi is described for the first time in the present study. In his key, Tavares (1964: 39) assigned to O. causeyi a dark scutum (“mesonoto enegrecido”). This was a valid diagnostic character when compared to the species available at the time. Ormiophasia morardi also has a dark scutum, but the holotype was not examined by Tavares. Along with these species there are also five new species with a dark scutum ( O. crassivena sp. nov., O. manguinhos sp. nov., O. tavaresi sp. nov., O. chapulini sp. nov. and O. buoculus sp. nov.). Therefore, the main diagnostic character of O. causeyi is not the color of the scutum but the shape of the male cerci. Ormiophasia causeyi seems to be restricted to the Amazon rainforest.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Ormiophasia spp., male heads in frontal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Venezuela, Amazonas, MIZA). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia obscura (Séguy) (holotype, MNHN). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Ormiophasia spp., female heads in frontal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, CEIOC). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Pará, MPEG). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia guimaraesi sp. nov. (paratype from Costa Rica, Limón, MNCR). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Ormiophasia spp., male habitus in dorsal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Venezuela, Amazonas, MIZA). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia obscura (holotype, MNHN). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Ormiophasia spp., male habitus in lateral view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Venezuela, Amazonas, MIZA). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia obscura (Séguy) (holotype, MNHN). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Ormiophasia spp., female habitus in dorsal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, CEIOC). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Pará, MPEG). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia guimaraesi sp. nov. (paratype from Costa Rica, Limón, MNCR). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 17. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimens from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). A. Male head, lateral view. B. Female head, lateral view. C. Male head, dorsal view. D. Female head, dorsal view. E. Male prothorax. F. Female prothorax. G. Male left wing, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares, holotype ♂ (CEIOC). A. Lateral habitus. B. Head, frontal view. C. Left wing, dorsal view (image flipped). D. Head, lateral view. E. Labels. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 36. Ormiophasia chapulini sp. nov. A. Male head, lateral view (holotype). B. Female head, lateral view (paratype from Mexico, Veracruz, USNM). C. Male head, dorsal view (holotype). D. Female head, dorsal view (paratype). E. Male prothorax (paratype). F. Male right wing, dorsal view (holotype). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 38. Male terminalia of Ormiophasia spp. From left to right: epandrium, surstyli and cerci in posterior view; epandrium, surstylus and cerci in lateral view; hypandrium, aedeagus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite in lateral view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend. B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares. C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares. Scale bars: 0.5 mm

FIGURE 41. Male terminalia of Ormiophasia spp. From left to right: epandrium, surstyli and cerci in posterior view; epandrium, surstylus and cerci in lateral view; hypandrium, aedeagus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite in lateral view. A. Ormiophasia crassivena sp. nov. B. Ormiophasia manguinhos sp. nov. C. Ormiophasia tavaresi sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 42. Male terminalia of Ormiophasia spp. From left to right: epandrium, surstyli and cerci in posterior view; epandrium, surstylus and cerci in lateral view; hypandrium, aedeagus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite in lateral view. A. Ormiophasia chapulini sp. nov. B. Ormiophasia buoculus sp. nov. C. Ormiophasia townsendi sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.