Okanagana occidentalis (Sanborn & Phillips, 2013)

Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A. & Wong, Caressa, 2023, Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae), Zootaxa 5346 (5), pp. 501-531 : 522

Okanagana occidentalis (Walker in Lord, 1866)

Cicada occidentalis — Walker in Lord, 1866: 339.

Tibicen occidentalis — Woodworth, 1888: 68 (Incorrect synonymy).

Okanagana occidentalis — Van Duzee, 1915: 44 (Revised status).

Okanagana lurida — Davis, 1919: 192. New junior subjective synonym

Type locality: Canada, British Columbia, Chilliwack ( Sanborn & Webb 2001). Lectotype deposited in the British Museum of Natural History ( Sanborn & Heath 2017).

Rationale for synonymy: O. lurida from British Columbia, Canada, resolved at the crown of a paraphyletic grade of multiple samples of O. occidentalis ( Figs. 4–7 ) separated by negligible genetic distance (COI uncorrected distance 0.00–1.45%; Supp. Table 2 ). We conclude that O. lurida is an uncommon color pattern variant of O. occidentalis ( Fig. 12 ). Davis (1926, 1939) remarked upon the similarity between the two species in appearance and on the geographic distribution shared with O. occidentalis ( Sanborn & Phillips 2013) . Examination of numerous specimens of O. lurida in SEMK and CAS confirm that this color pattern variant occurs among specimens of O. occidentalis from throughout the distribution. Field observations have found O. lurida among large numbers of O. occidentalis (JAC, pers. obs.). O. lurida is therefore made a junior subjective synonym of O. occidentalis .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Bayesian consensus trees of nDNA (analysis 1 in Methods: Phylogenetic analysis). Posterior probabilities below 100% are shown along associated branches, all unlabeled branches are 100% posterior probability. Branches are proportional to lengths. Current assignments to genera (Sanborn 2014; Sanborn & Heath 2017) are annotated at the right.

FIGURE 5. Bayesian consensus tree of mtDNA (analysis 2 in Methods: Phylogenetic analysis). Annotations as in Fig. 4.

FIGURE 6. Bayesian consensus phylogram of concatenated matrix (analysis 3 in Methods: Phylogenetic analysis).Annotations as in Fig. 4. Parsimony reconstruction of the uncus shape character is shown as black=hooked uncus (HU) and white=uncus without distoventral hook.

FIGURE 7. Bayesian consensus tree of concatenated matrix (analysis 3) as in Fig. 6 with branches proportional to lengths. Outgroups are cartooned. Concepts of genera as revised in this work appear on relevant branches. Photographed representatives of each genus appear to the right of the tree (Supp. Table 3).

FIGURE 12. Habitus comparison between A. O. occidentalis with typical color pattern, and B. O. occidentalis collected from the same locality with uncommon “O. lurida” color pattern.